question

Have used two main types of evidence to learn about Earth interior: direct evidence from rock sample and indirect evidence

answer

Geologists

question

When earthquakes occur they produce .......

answer

Seismic Waves

question

crust,the mantle,and core

answer

What are the three main layers of earth

question

results from a force pressing on an area *The deeper down inside Earth,the greater pressure.

answer

Pressure

question

the layer of rock that forms Earth's outer skin*The crust is a layer of sold rock that includes both dryland and the ocean floor.

answer

Crust

question

is a dark fine-grained rock

answer

Basalt

question

a rock that usually is light color and has coarse grains * Both granite and basalt have more oxygen and silicon than any other element

answer

Granite

question

is made of rock that is very hot,but solid.Scientist divide the mantle into layers based on physical characteristics of those layers.Overall, the mantle is 3,000 Kilometer thick.

answer

Mantle

question

Geologists often group the crust and uppermost mantle into single layer called the lithosphere

answer

Lithosphere

question

As a result,the part of the mantle just beneath the lithosphere is less rigid than the rock above.Over thousands of years this part of the mantle can bend like a metal spoon. But it's still solid .If you kicked it,you would stub your toe.This soft layer is called the asthenosphere.

answer

Asthenosphere

question

Beneath the asthenosphere, the mantle is hot but more rigid.The stiffness ofvthe mesosphere is the result of increasingly high pressure This layer includes a region called the transition zone,which lies just beneath the asthenosphere.It also includes thr lower mantle,which extends down to Earth's core.

answer

The Mesophere

question

is made mostly of the metals iron and nickel.It consists of two parts -a dense ,liquid outer core and a dense solid inner core.*The total radius of the core is 3,480 kilometers .Earth core occupies the center of the planet.

answer

The core

question

layer of molten metal surrounding the inner core*The outer core is 2,258 kilometers thick

answer

Outer core

question

is a dense ball of solid metal. In the inner core ,extreme pressure squeezes the atoms of iron and nickel so much that they cannot spread out to become liquid.

answer

Inner core

question

are approximately 20 minerals that make up most of the rocks of Earth's crust

answer

Rock-forming minerals

question

Most rocks are made up of particles of minerals or other rocks.Geologists call grains

answer

Grains

question

is the look and feel of a rock's surface To describe the texture of a rock,geologists use terms that are based on size, shape, and pattern of grains

answer

Texture

question

Geologists classify rocks into three major groups : Igneous ,sedimentary,and metamorphic rock.

answer

Rock Origin

question

forms from the cooling of molten material called magma or lava.Magma hardens underground to form rock .Lava erupts ,cools and hardens to form rock on earth Earth's surface.

answer

Igneous rock

question

forms when small particles of rocks or the remains of plants and animal pressed and cemented togethor.Sedimentary rock form in layers that are buried below the surface.It is classified into three main groups

answer

Sedimentary Rock

question

forms when a rock is changed by heat and pressure ,or by chemical reactions .Most metamorphic rock form deep underground

answer

Metamorphic Rock

question

classified by their origin ,texture,and mineral composition

answer

Igneous Rock more info

question

is igneous rock that formed when lava that erupted into Earth's surface.Basalt is the most common extrusive rock. It has small crystals

answer

Extrusive Rock

question

Igneous rock that formed when magma hardened beneath the surface of earth *The most abundant type of intrusive rock in continental crust is granite.Granite forms tens of kilometers below Earth's surface and over hundreds of thousands of years or longer

answer

Intrusive Rock

question

is a fined-grained, extrusive igneous rock with composition that is similar to granite

answer

Rhyolite

question

A very course-grained, intrusive igneous rock

answer

Pegmatite

question

has large cystals surrounded by small crystals

answer

Porphyry

question

Any rock that forms from another rock as a result of changes in heat or pressure (or both heat and pressure) is a metamorphic rock.

answer

Metamorphic Rock

question

molten rock inside of earth inside the earth

answer

Magma

question

molten rock on the surface of the earth

answer

Lava

question

basalt,granite,grabbo (intrusive) pumice,scoria,obsidan (extrusive

answer

Igneous Rock ex

question

dertrital sedimentary rocks: made from sediments snd grains of minerals of different sizes that have been deposited,and compacted togethor.ex: sandstones, conglomerate, shale

answer

Detrital Sedimentary Rocks

question

form when water in which minerals are dissolved evaporates,and the mineral grains are cemented togethor.ex halite

answer

Chemical Sedimentary Rock

question

form when water in which materials that come form once living organisms such as plants, fossils,and shells become cemented togethor .ex coal and limestone.

answer

Organic Rocks

question

the minerals are arrange in bands. Also descibes the thin,flat layering found in most metamorphic rocks.For instance, cystals in granite can be flattened to create the foliated texture of gneiss.Slate is also common foliated rock.

answer

Foliated Rock

question

the minerals are NOT arrange in bands ,they are scattered

answer

Non -Foliated rocks

question

marble,schrist,slate

answer

Metamorphic Rock ex

question

is a diagram that shows all processes of how one type of rock may be changed into another. Also the processes of the rock cycle form a pattern of pathways.These pathways results from weathering and erosion,deposition ,earthquakes and volcanic activity,tremendous heat and pressure,and melting

answer

The Rock Cycle

question

Igeneous

answer

Melting and cooling ex

question

produces sediments

answer

Weathering and Erosion

question

Produces sedimentary rocks

answer

Compaction and Cementation

question

Produces metamorphic rocks

answer

Heat and Pressure

question

Heat transfer by the movement of a fluid.

answer

Convection

question

The transfer of energy that is carried in rays like light

answer

Radiation

question

Heat transfer between materials that are touching

answer

Conduction

question

is a measure of how much mass there is in a given substance.For an example,most rock is more dense than water because a given volume of rock has more mass than the same volume of water.

answer

Density

question

The flow that transfers heat within a fluid .Also heating and cooling of a fluid,changes in fluid's density,and the force of gravity combine to set convection current in motion

answer

Convection Current

question

Heat from the core and the mantle itself causes convection currents in the mantle

answer

Convection Currents in Earth

question

small solid pieces of material that come from rocks or living things.*Most sedimentary rocks are formed through a sequenceof processes: weathering,erosion,deposition,compaction, and cementation

answer

Sediment

question

The effects of freezing and thawing,plant roots,acid,and other forces on rock.

answer

Weathering

question

The process by which ruuning water,wing,or ice carry away bits of broken-up rock.

answer

Erosion

question

The process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind carrying it

answer

Deposition

question

The process that presses sediments togethor

answer

Compaction

question

The process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment togethor

answer

Cementation

question

Clastic rocks, organic rocks, and chemical rocks.

answer

What are the three major types of sedimentary rocks

question

sedimentary rock formed when rock fragments are squeezed togethor.The fragments can range in size from clay particles that are too small to be seen without a microscope to large,heavy boulders

answer

Clastic Rock

question

where the remains of plants and animal are deposited in layers.

answer

Organic Rock

question

People have used sedimentary rock throughout history for many diferent purposes,including,for tools and building materials.

answer

How are Sedimentary Rock used?

question

Asthenosphere

answer

What is th relatively soft layer of the upper mantle called ?

question

Conduction

answer

What is the transfer of heat and direct contact of particles of matter called?

question

The mantle and the outer core.

answer

Name the two layers of the BELOW the Earth's surface in which convection takes place.

question

Sedimentary Rock

answer

A rock that forms from many small fragments of other rocks is a(n)

question

Intrusive

answer

What kind of igneous rock usually contains large crystals

question

Mineral composition

answer

An igneous rock's color is mainly determined by its

question

the ocean

answer

You find deposit of organic limestone.In what type of setting did it probably form

question

Rock fragments

answer

Shale is a clastic rock,meaning that it forms when

question

Melting

answer

The process by which metamorphic rock changes to igneous rock to begin with

question

Weathering and erosion

answer

Can turn igneous rocks into sediments

question

Melting and volcanic activity

answer

In a rock cycle, what forces can change sedimentary rock to igneous rock?

question

Magma cools quickly on Earths's surface

answer

Which statement best describe how an extrusive igneous rock

question

Pressure and temperature increases

answer

How do pressure and temperature change inside Earth as depth increases?

question

False,Nickel

answer

Earth's core is mostly made up of iron and magnesium

question

False,outer

answer

Scientists think that movements in the liquid inner core create Earth's magnetic field

question

False basalt

answer

The oceanic crust is most like granite in compostion overall

question

True

answer

Pressure and temperature increase as you move deeper below Earth's surface

question

True

answer

To learn about Earth's interior ,geologists study seismic waves move through Earth

question

False crust

answer

The core earth's outer skin of solid rocks

question

Mantle

answer

In which layer of earth is the asthenosphere located?

question

Crust,mantle,core

answer

which list the main layers of earth in order from outermost to innermost?

question

Hot but solid rock

answer

Which BEST describe the mantle?

question

lithosphere

answer

What do geologists call the crust uppermost mantle?

question

From warmer to a cooler object

answer

How does heat move?

question

By radiation

answer

How is energy from the sun transfered?

question

Mantle and core

answer

Heat from which of these causes convection currents inside Earth?

question

Heating and cooling of a fluid

answer

Which of these combines withchanges in a fluid's density and the force of gravity to set convection currents in motion

question

Convection

answer

is the transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid

question

Faster

answer

When you heat up an object,the particles in the object move

question

More

answer

a cool fluid is _______________dense than a warm fluid

question

Conduction

answer

When you touch hot sand,heat is transferred by __________ to your skin

question

Radiaton

answer

____________ convection,and conduction are the thre types of heat transfer

question

Density

answer

The amount of mass in a given volume of a substance is known as

question

20

answer

About how many minerals make up most of the rock of earth's crust

question

Crystals

answer

Which of these is Not a group into whic geologists classify rocks.

question

Metamorphic

answer

Which type of rock forms when heat or pressure change an existiong rock

question

texture

answer

Which term describes how a rock's surface looks and feels?

question

true

answer

Color alone does not provide enough information to identify

question

False, grains

answer

To study a rock sample,geologists observe the rock's mineral compostion,color,and temperature

question

true

answer

The way in which each of the three majors group of rocks form is diffrent

question

grains

answer

A rock;s pigment give the rock its texture

question

banded

answer

Rocks that are nonbanded have grains that lie in a pattern of flat layers or form swirls

question

True

answer

Any rock formed when another rock is changed by heat or PRESSURE is a metamorphic rock

question

arrangements

answer

Geologists classify metamorphic rocks according to thesize of the grains making up the rocks

question

true

answer

Igneous rocks are classified by their origin texture,and mineral composition

question

smaller

answer

Extrusiuve rocks have larger grains than intrusive rocks

question

Hard and dense

answer

Which term best describes igneous rocks?

question

Basalt

answer

Which igneous rock is used for cobblestone and landscaping?

question

Marble

answer

Which metamorphic rock has an even grain and can be cut nto slabs or easily carved?

question

From slowly cooling lava

answer

How does coase -grained igneous rocks form?

question

Clastic

answer

Geologists classify sedimentary rock in three major groups

question

Sedimentary

answer

have been used throughout history for tools and building materials

question

Erosion

answer

After the process of weathering occurs,___________carries away bits of broken -up rock

question

Compaction

answer

Is the process by which sediment get pressed togethor.

question

Sediments

answer

Small grains,pebbles,mud,shell,and leaves are all example of

question

size

answer

Clastic rock are grouped by the_____ of the rock fragrments of which they are made

question

weathering

answer

Which is the process that breaks up rock on Earth's surface

question

chemical rock

answer

Which forms when minerals dissolved in a water solution crystallize

question

coal

answer

Which is an example of an organic rock

question

Cementation

answer

What occurs once the minerals in a rock have slowly dissolved in a process call compaction

question

cycle

answer

The series of processes that slowly change earth's rock from one kind to another is called the rock

question

magma

answer

Plate movements help drive the rock cyclen by helping to form __________the source of igneous rocks

question

heat

answer

Deep beneath the surface _________and the pressure can be changed sedimentary rock to metamorphic rock can become magma.

question

deposition

answer

Sediments piles up on the ocean floor through the process of

question

weathering

answer

The process that breaks down granite into sediments is depositon

question

true

answer

There are many pathways by which rocks move through the rock cycle.

question

true

answer

The process of the rock cycle form a pattern of pathways

question

false and

answer

Surface events not subsurface events change rocks from one kind to another

question

True

answer

The collision of contitnental plates can be push up a mountain range,after which weatherng and erosion begin

question

melting

answer

Through the process of _________metamorphic rock can become magma

question

False, Intrusive

answer

Extrusive rock form beneath the earth's surface

question

False, Foliated

answer

Metamorphic rock are un foliated if their origin ,texture,and mineral composition.

question

Coarse

answer

Rocks that have large grains you can easily see are describe as fined grained

Earth Structure and materials

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards