Earth Space Science Review – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
theory that the plates that move due to convection currents
answer
Theory of Plate Tectonics
question
credited with the theory of continental drift
answer
Alfred Wegener
question
credited with the theory of plate tectonics
answer
Harry Hess
question
when two oceanic plates pull apart, magma rises and new crust is formed
answer
sea floor spreading
question
circular movement of a substance due to changes in temperature and density
answer
convection currents
question
large pieces of earths crust that move due to convection currents
answer
plates
question
earths crust located under the ocean
answer
oceanic crust
question
earths crust made of land
answer
continental crust
question
large supercontinent that existed 250 million years ago
answer
pangea
question
when two plates pull apart
answer
divergent boundary
question
when two plates come together
answer
convergent boundary
question
when two plates grind past each other
answer
transform boundary
question
formed when two plates pull apart and land falls downard
answer
rift valley
question
a chain of volcanic islands formed at an ocean-ocean convergent boundary
answer
island arc
question
formed at an ocean-continental convergent boundary
answer
volcanic arc
question
the more dense plate us pulled into the mantle under the less dense plate
answer
subduction zone
question
divergent boundary in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean
answer
mid atlantic ridge
question
depression formed at a subduction zone
answer
trench
question
another name for the crust
answer
lithosphere
question
another name for them mantle
answer
aesthenosphere
question
outer layer of the Earth
answer
crust
question
thickest layer of the Earth, part liquid part solid where convection currents are found
answer
mantle
question
very dense solid spinning layer of the Earth
answer
inner core
question
very dense liquid spinning layer of the Earth
answer
outer core
question
created from the opposite spinning of the inner and outer core
answer
magnetic field source
question
form at continental-continental convergent boundaries
answer
mountain range
question
oxygen and silicon
answer
crust elements
question
iron and magnesium
answer
mantle elements
question
iron and nickel
answer
inner core elements
question
iron and nickel
answer
outer core elements
question
increases with depth
answer
earths temperature
question
increases with depth
answer
earths pressure
question
quartz and feldspar
answer
crust minerals
question
a break in the earths crust that moves rocks
answer
fault
question
rock formed from tiny pieces of other rocks or shells that have been compacted together
answer
sedimentary rock
question
determines absolute age
answer
radioactive dating
question
a fossil that occured for a short time in history
answer
index fossil
question
ROY G BIV
answer
colors of visible light
question
RMIVUXG
answer
types of electromagnetic radiation
question
longest waves
answer
radio waves
question
speed up atoms, detect weather
answer
micro waves
question
heat waves
answer
infrared waves
question
cause skin cancer and eye damage
answer
ultraviolet waves
question
the distance between the crests of sucessive waves
answer
wavelength
question
the number of waves that pass a point in an amount of time
answer
frequency
question
see through skin
answer
x waves
question
gamma waves
answer
shortest waves
question
reflecting telescopes
answer
most common large telescopes
question
depends on size and temperature
answer
brightness of stars
question
OBAFGKM
answer
spectral class letters
question
how bright objects seem from here on Earth
answer
apparent brightness
question
how bright objects would be if they were all the same distance from Earth
answer
absolute brightness
question
when objects appear to move because they are viewed from different locations
answer
parallax
question
used to calculate the distance to stars
answer
using parallax
question
classifies stars by temperature and absolute brightness
answer
HR Diagram
question
stars that are in the main part of their lifecyle
answer
main sequence stars
question
when big stars expand as they die
answer
supergiant
question
when small stars expand as they die
answer
red giant
question
when big stars explode as they die
answer
supernova
question
when small stars explode as they die
answer
planetary nebula
question
cloud of gas and dust where stars are born
answer
nebula
question
when small stars collapse as they die
answer
white dwarf
question
when big stars collapse as they die
answer
black hole
question
gravity
answer
force that holds stars together
question
plasma
answer
state of matter of stars
question
nuclear fusion
answer
source of stars energy
question
hydrogen and helium
answer
composition of the sun
question
fusing of light atoms into heavy new atoms, releases energy
answer
nuclear fusion
question
4.6 billion years
answer
age of sun
question
small stars burn slower and longer
answer
life of stars
question
color that is reflected
answer
color you see
question
all 7 colors combined
answer
white light
question
white
answer
all colors reflected
question
black
answer
all colors absorbed
question
14.7 billion years
answer
age of universe
question
theory of how the universe formed
answer
big bang theory
question
the farther away a galaxy is, the faster it is moving away from us
answer
Hubble's Law
question
the radiation leftover from the big bang
answer
cosmic background radiation
question
baby star
answer
protostar
question
cosmic background radiation and Hubble's law
answer
evidence of big bang
question
shift of light to a longer wavelength as it moves away
answer
redshift
question
waves have lower frequency as an object moves closer
answer
blueshift
question
expanding outward
answer
direction of universe
question
hydrogen and helium
answer
first elements formed
question
huge stars
answer
size of first stars
question
supernova
answer
where heavy elements are created
question
during the big bang
answer
when light elements were created
question
carbon, oxygen, nitrogen
answer
elements necessary for life
question
red star
answer
coldest color star
question
blue star
answer
hottest color star
question
main sequence
answer
stage of life the sun is in
question
change in frequency as an object moves
answer
doppler effect
question
measure movement of stars
answer
use of doppler effect
question
expand, explode, collapse
answer
stages of all stars dying
question
supergiant, supernova, black hole
answer
stages of large star dying
question
giant, planetary nebula, white dwarf
answer
stages of small star dying
question
depends on its mass
answer
length of a stars life
question
hydrogen
answer
element that most stars are made of
question
magnitude
answer
another term for brightness
question
uses mirrors
answer
reflecting telescope
question
uses convex lenses
answer
refracting telescope
question
small/medium star
answer
size of our sun
question
G2
answer
spectral class of our sun
question
time it takes for half of the atoms to break down into a new element
answer
half life
question
igneous rock pushes into a body of existing rock
answer
intrusion
question
igneous rock covers a body of existing rock
answer
extrusion
question
in a body of sedimentary rocks, the oldest rocks are on the bottom
answer
law of superposition
question
in a body of sedimentary rocks, the rocks formed lying horizontally
answer
law or original horizontality
question
age of two or more things compared to each other
answer
relative age
question
exact age of something
answer
absolute age
question
when older rocks are in direct contact with much younger rocks
answer
unconformity
question
intrusion or weathering
answer
causes of unconformity
question
younger than the rock around it
answer
age of fault
question
younger than the rock around it
answer
age of intrusion
question
living thing preserved in sediment
answer
fossil
question
sedimentary rock
answer
rock where fossils are found
question
relative age
answer
age of sedimentary rocks
question
absolute age
answer
age of igneous and metamorphic rocks
question
break down of radioactive elements into stable elements
answer
radioactive decay
question
5730 years
answer
half life of Carbon 14
question
rock made of cooled lava
answer
igneous rock
question
an existing rock that was exposed to heat or pressure
answer
metamorphic rock
question
sediment being deposited after being moved
answer
deposition
question
rocks breaking down by wind and water
answer
weathering and erosion
question
crust
answer
thinnest layer of earth
question
mantle
answer
thickest layer of earth
question
ocean crust
answer
more dense crust
question
where magma continually pushes through the crust
answer
hot spot
question
cities where earthquakes and volcanoes are likely to happen
answer
high risk cities
question
cities where earthquakes and volcanoes are not likely to happen
answer
low risk cities
question
rocks, fossils, climate, puzzle fit, glaciers, sea floor spreading
answer
evidence for plate tectonics
question
5 cm/year
answer
rate of plate movement
question
rocks, climate, fossils
answer
Wegener' evidence
question
how the continents moved
answer
Wegener's flaws
question
spectral class
answer
another term for temperature of stars
question
gamma wave
answer
highest energy wave
question
radio wave
answer
lowest energy wave
question
hotter stars are brighter
answer
relationship between magnitude and spectral class
question
# of waves/time
answer
frequency units
question
gamma and xray
answer
waves used in medicine
question
all waves
answer
waves produced by stars
question
radio waves
answer
waves used in TVs
question
related to star temperature
answer
star color
question
protects Earth from solar winds
answer
Earths magnetic field
question
particles of rock are cemented together
answer
cementation
question
igneous rocks
answer
rocks found at the Mid Ocean Ridge
question
age increases with distance
answer
age of rocks at the Mid Ocean Ridge
question
objects that are closer
answer
objects with graeter parallax
question
hydrogen fused into helium
answer
fusion reaction in stars
question
yellow
answer
color of Sun
question
weather, erosion, deposition, cementation
answer
how sedimentary rocks form
question
heat and pressure
answer
how metamorphic rocks form
question
cooling of magma
answer
how igneous rocks form
question
increase of average atmospheric temperature
answer
global warming
question
3.5 billion years old
answer
age of oldest fossils
question
4 billion years old
answer
age of oldest rocks
question
400 million years ago
answer
first land animals appear
question
200 million years ago
answer
Pangea breaks apart
question
1.5 million years ago
answer
major glaciers cover North America
question
65 million years ago
answer
dinosaurs go extinct
question
atmosphere
answer
Earths most vulnerable sphere
question
13,000 years ago
answer
end of last ice age in New England
question
compaction of living organisms
answer
how fossil fuels form
question
500 million years
answer
time it takes for fossil fuels to form
question
oil, coal, natural gas
answer
3 fossil fuels
question
solar, hydro, wind
answer
3 renewable energy sources
question
intense heat from Earths interior
answer
geothermal energy
question
an unlimited resource
answer
renewable resource
question
petroleum
answer
another name for oil
question
a resource with a limited quanity
answer
nonrenewable resource
question
increasing CO2 levels
answer
recent atmospheric CO2 pattern
question
atmospheric temperature
answer
levels of CO2 directly effect
question
300 ppm
answer
highest atmospheric CO2 in past 400,000 years
question
380 ppm
answer
current atmospheric CO2 level
question
related to star's temperature
answer
star color
question
absorb all colors
answer
black objects
question
reflect all colors
answer
white objects
