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Drugs & Behavior Ch. 1 – Flashcards

Patricia Harrah

7 July 2022

question

Since 1970, marijuana has been officially classified in the United States as a controlled substance in the same category as?

answer

Heroin

question

The potential for drug abuse in general presents a greater challenge for?

answer

None of the above (men than for women, AA for than for Latinos, young people than for the elderly)

question

Which of the following is NOT an illicit drug in the United States?

answer

Nicotine

question

Which of the following is an illicit drug in the United States?

answer

LSD

question

Illicit drugs are to cocaine as licit drugs are to ___________?

answer

alcohol

question

According to the text, drugs such as alcohol and nicotine are referred to as ______?

answer

Licit drugs

question

Signs of drug dependence include _______?

answer

All of the above (intense cravings for the drug, need for increasingly greater quantities of the drug to get the same desired effect, becoming preoccupied with drug-taking behavior)

question

Which statement is true? A. All psychoactive drugs produce dependence B. Some psychoactive drugs produce dependence C. Only illicit psychoactive drugs produce dependence D. All dependence-producing drugs are illicit

answer

B. Some psychoactive drugs produce dependence

question

By the definition used in the textbook, a chemical substance would be considered a drug if ___________.

answer

Both A and B (it intoxicated the user, it had an impact on brain functioning)

question

An over-the-counter (OTC) cold remedy taken for a cold would be classified as a(n) _____.

answer

Licit drug for instrumental use

question

Cathy needs to stay awake to study for her psychology midterm, so she decides to take an amphetamine to keep from falling asleep. In this case, the drug had a(n) _____ use.

answer

Instrumental

question

Dr. Smith recommends drinking four ounces of an alcoholic beverage per day to his patient. The use of alcohol in this case is best described as ___________.

answer

Instrumental

question

Alcohol and nicotine generally belong to a category of __________.

answer

Licit drugs for recreational use.

question

Licit recreational drug use is to smoking a cigarette as illicit recreational drug use is to _____________.

answer

Both A and C (smoking marijuana, injecting heroin)

question

Instances in which a prescription or nonprescription drug is used in an inappropriate way are regarded as _______.

answer

Drug misuse.

question

Which of the following is an example of drug misuse?

answer

All of the above (taking a sleeping pill while drinking beer, taking your mother's prescription pain medication for a toothache, taking aspirin after its expiration date)

question

A particularly dangerous situation can result when medications are combined with ____________.

answer

Alcohol

question

Instances of drug abuse involve ________.

answer

Licit or illicit drugs

question

Which of the following has (have) been sources of hallucinogenic effects?

answer

All of the above (morning glories, yellow-orange fruits on cacti, certain types of mushrooms)

question

Willow bark is to senna as _________.

answer

Aspirin is to laxative

question

A shaman is _________.

answer

A primitive healer

question

Placebo effect is to a genuine effect as ________.

answer

Ancient is to modern

question

______ is the primary active ingredient in opium.

answer

Morphine

question

Patent medicines in the nineteenth century contained _____________.

answer

Opium, cocaine, and alcohol

question

Laudanum was a drink containing which psychoactive drug?

answer

Opium

question

Opium use in the nineteenth century was _________.

answer

Associated with practically everyone

question

The attraction of opium used prior to 1900 was related to its being _________.

answer

All of the above (cheap, legal, easily available)

question

Which of the following was regarded as a respectable way to use opium?

answer

Drinking it

question

Which of the following was regarded as degrading and immoral way to use opium?

answer

Smoking it

question

A prominent nineteenth-century advocate of cocaine use was ________.

answer

Sigmund Freud

question

In the early twentieth century, for which of the following disorders would heroin NOT have been advised as a medicine?

answer

Smallpox (treats pneumonia, tuberculosis, morphine addiction)

question

Chlorpromazine was an early _______.

answer

Anti schizophrenia drug

question

Crack is defined as ________.

answer

A smokable form of cocaine

question

In the 1980s, cocaine was _________.

answer

Both A and C (considered very glamorous and getting a great deal of media attention)

question

The university of Michigan survey is based upon reports of drug-taking behavior among _______________.

answer

All of the above (college students, eighth- tenth- and twelfth-grade students, young adults)

question

A major disadvantage of the University of Michigan survey is that ___________.

answer

high-school dropouts are not included.

question

in 1979, about ______ of US high school seniors had reported illicit drug use.

answer

One-half

question

According to the University of Michigan survey, in 2009 about ______ of US high school seniors had used an illicit drug the previous year.

answer

37%

question

Illicit drug experimentation among high school seniors in 2009 has been reported to be ____________.

answer

Less than figures reported in 1979

question

Cocaine use during 2009 was reported by ________ of seniors.

answer

question

Nonmedical use of inhalants has held steady at between ______ since 2001.

answer

3-5%

question

Compared to high school seniors, college students report a roughly equivalent annual prevalence rate in the use of illicit drugs in general, which is about _________.

answer

36%

question

According to the 2009 University o Michigan survey, almost one-half of high school seniors reported having consumed _____ in the past month.

answer

Alcohol

question

In 2009, high school seniors reported drinking an alcoholic beverage in the previous month at a prevalence rate that was approximately ______ the rate reported with respect to illicit drugs in the previous month.

answer

Three times

question

The most frequently used drug on a daily basis by high school students is __________.

answer

Nicotine

question

Societal changes in the 1980s which the text cites as reasons why youngsters did not have a tendency to view regular drug use as dangerous include __________.

answer

All of the above (lack of drug abuse prevention programs in schools, poor communication between parents and children regarding drugs, lack of anti-drug public service messages in the media)

question

Vulnerability toward drug-taking behavior is shaped by which type(s) of factors in a person's life?

answer

Both A and B (risk factors and conjoint factors)

question

Which is NOT a protective factor for drug use?

answer

Easy availability of drugs in one's environment

question

Which of the following is NOT considered a "club drug"?

answer

Smokable heroin

question

Which of the following drugs is associated with a marked increase in body temperature?

answer

MDMA (Ecstacy)

question

Which of the following drugs produces increased alertness and energy?

answer

Methamphetamine

question

Which of the following drugs (also known as the forget-me pill) is easily dissolved in beverages and is used to intoxicate or sedate individuals?

answer

Rohypnol

question

In 2009, about _____ million young adults in the United States used prescription pain relievers on a recreational basis in the past year.

answer

Four

question

The alcohol content in some OTC cough and cold medications may be as high as ________.

answer

23%

question

Dextromethorphan can be found in _______, and in high doses can increase the risk of brain damage, seizure, and death.

answer

Cough and cold medications

question

The Ebers Papyrus contained __________.

answer

Recipes for preparations used in medical treatment

question

Which statement is NOT true?

answer

Shamanism was eventually replaced by a more extreme form in certain parts of the world before it died out completely

question

Viking warriors known as berserkers displayed wild behavior due to ingestion of which psychoactive drug?

answer

Amanita muscaria, also known as fly agaric

question

The toads that were often included in "witch's brew" recipes _______________.

answer

Produced hallucinatory and BP elevating effects

question

Edward Jenner is to Louis Pasteur as ______________.

answer

Smallpox is to rabies

question

Patent medicines in the 1800s were purchased through _______________.

answer

All of the above (peddlers, general stores, mail-order advertisements)

question

In the nineteenth century, opium drinking was ___________.

answer

Generally tolerated and considered respectable

question

Until 1903, Coca-Cola contained which of the following psychoactive drugs?

answer

Cocaine

question

If you were alive in 1900, you would consider heroin ______________.

answer

Safe and completely legal

question

The Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) and the Temperance movement in general were dedicated to the prohibition of which psychoactive drug?

answer

Alcohol

question

The Prohibition era in US history is associated with which prohibited drug?

answer

Alcohol

question

The social problems associated with the Prohibition era have often been cited as an argument against ___________________.

answer

Restricting drugs in general

question

Some molds and fungi have been sources of which class fo drugs?

answer

Drugs effective in treating bacterial infections

question

Which decade is generally associated with the beginning of drug use among young, middle-class Americans?

answer

1960s

question

The name for a branch of science joining the efforts of biochemists, pharmacologists, psychologists, and psychiatrists, among others, in order to study brain functioning is _______________.

answer

Neuroscience

question

Neuroscience examines _____________.

answer

The relationship between brain functioning and human behavior

question

The most recent attitude toward drug-taking behavior considers ___________.

answer

A wide range of licit and illicit drugs varying from levels of potential for misuse or abuse

question

Advantages pf repeating the University of Michigan survey year after year include all of the following EXCEPT _________________.

answer

It allows us to examine the effects of drug-taking behavior on the participant sample as they grow up

question

According to the University of Michigan survey, binge drinking is defined as consuming ___________ or more alcoholic drinks in a row.

answer

Five

question

According to the text, it is likely that the decline of alcohol consumption from the 1980s to the present among high school seniors can be attributed to ____________.

answer

Reduced accessibility to alcohol for minors

question

Alcohol use among _______ has declined to a lesser degree than alcohol use among high school seniors.

answer

College students

question

In comparison to rates of nicotine use among high school seniors in 1977, current usage rates among high school seniors are ________.

answer

Lower

question

When compared to high school seniors, fewer college students smoke cigarettes. This statistic is due to ____________________.

answer

The heaviest smokers not being included in the college population

question

Non-college-bound high-school seniors are _______ times more likely to smoke at least half a pack of cigarettes a day than college-bound high-school seniors

answer

Three

question

According to National Survey on Drug Use and Health survey, about _____________ of adults aged 26 or older in 2009 have used an illicit drug within the previous year

answer

11%

question

A major limitation in interpreting the University of Michigan survey of adults is that ________________.

answer

Institutionalized patients and homeless people were not represented in the sample

question

When asked about their motivation for drug use, high school seniors have frequently cited _____________.

answer

Peer influence

question

Risk factors are to protective factors as __________.

answer

More likely to use drugs is to less likely to use drugs

question

Which factor is considered a risk factor for drug use?

answer

Membership in a deviant subculture

question

Generally speaking, as the number of risk factors ______, the likelihood of drug use _____________.

answer

Increases; increases

question

The leading risk factor(s) for marijuana use include ________.

answer

All of the above (the perceived prevalence of marijuana use by friends, the perceived prevalence of use in the community, individual attitudes toward marijuana smoking)

question

Having six or more protective factors in one's life _______________.

answer

Raises the level of resistance against drug use

question

According to a study cited in the text, as the number of protective factors __________, the resistance to drug use ____________.

answer

Increased; increased

question

__________ refer to substances often ingested at all-night dance parties.

answer

Club drugs

question

What is particularly dangerous about many club drugs?

answer

All of the above (they are colorless odorless and tasteless, they can be slipped into drinks unobtrusively, they have been used in sexual assault cases)

question

Individuals with ADD are treated with _________.

answer

Methamphetamine

question

In 2009, approximately ________ of high school seniors reported taking OTC cough and cold medications.

answer

1 of

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question

Since 1970, marijuana has been officially classified in the United States as a controlled substance in the same category as?

answer

Heroin

question

The potential for drug abuse in general presents a greater challenge for?

answer

None of the above (men than for women, AA for than for Latinos, young people than for the elderly)

question

Which of the following is NOT an illicit drug in the United States?

answer

Nicotine

question

Which of the following is an illicit drug in the United States?

answer

LSD

question

Illicit drugs are to cocaine as licit drugs are to ___________?

answer

alcohol

question

According to the text, drugs such as alcohol and nicotine are referred to as ______?

answer

Licit drugs

question

Signs of drug dependence include _______?

answer

All of the above (intense cravings for the drug, need for increasingly greater quantities of the drug to get the same desired effect, becoming preoccupied with drug-taking behavior)

question

answer

B. Some psychoactive drugs produce dependence

question

By the definition used in the textbook, a chemical substance would be considered a drug if ___________.

answer

Both A and B (it intoxicated the user, it had an impact on brain functioning)

question

An over-the-counter (OTC) cold remedy taken for a cold would be classified as a(n) _____.

answer

Licit drug for instrumental use

question

Cathy needs to stay awake to study for her psychology midterm, so she decides to take an amphetamine to keep from falling asleep. In this case, the drug had a(n) _____ use.

answer

Instrumental

question

Dr. Smith recommends drinking four ounces of an alcoholic beverage per day to his patient. The use of alcohol in this case is best described as ___________.

answer

Instrumental

question

Alcohol and nicotine generally belong to a category of __________.

answer

Licit drugs for recreational use.

question

Licit recreational drug use is to smoking a cigarette as illicit recreational drug use is to _____________.

answer

Both A and C (smoking marijuana, injecting heroin)

question

Instances in which a prescription or nonprescription drug is used in an inappropriate way are regarded as _______.

answer

Drug misuse.

question

Which of the following is an example of drug misuse?

answer

All of the above (taking a sleeping pill while drinking beer, taking your mother's prescription pain medication for a toothache, taking aspirin after its expiration date)

question

A particularly dangerous situation can result when medications are combined with ____________.

answer

Alcohol

question

Instances of drug abuse involve ________.

answer

Licit or illicit drugs

question

Which of the following has (have) been sources of hallucinogenic effects?

answer

All of the above (morning glories, yellow-orange fruits on cacti, certain types of mushrooms)

question

Willow bark is to senna as _________.

answer

Aspirin is to laxative

question

A shaman is _________.

answer

A primitive healer

question

Placebo effect is to a genuine effect as ________.

answer

Ancient is to modern

question

______ is the primary active ingredient in opium.

answer

Morphine

question

Patent medicines in the nineteenth century contained _____________.

answer

Opium, cocaine, and alcohol

question

Laudanum was a drink containing which psychoactive drug?

answer

Opium

question

Opium use in the nineteenth century was _________.

answer

Associated with practically everyone

question

The attraction of opium used prior to 1900 was related to its being _________.

answer

All of the above (cheap, legal, easily available)

question

Which of the following was regarded as a respectable way to use opium?

answer

Drinking it

question

Which of the following was regarded as degrading and immoral way to use opium?

answer

Smoking it

question

A prominent nineteenth-century advocate of cocaine use was ________.

answer

Sigmund Freud

question

In the early twentieth century, for which of the following disorders would heroin NOT have been advised as a medicine?

answer

Smallpox (treats pneumonia, tuberculosis, morphine addiction)

question

Chlorpromazine was an early _______.

answer

Anti schizophrenia drug

question

Crack is defined as ________.

answer

A smokable form of cocaine

question

In the 1980s, cocaine was _________.

answer

Both A and C (considered very glamorous and getting a great deal of media attention)

question

The university of Michigan survey is based upon reports of drug-taking behavior among _______________.

answer

All of the above (college students, eighth- tenth- and twelfth-grade students, young adults)

question

A major disadvantage of the University of Michigan survey is that ___________.

answer

high-school dropouts are not included.

question

in 1979, about ______ of US high school seniors had reported illicit drug use.

answer

One-half

question

According to the University of Michigan survey, in 2009 about ______ of US high school seniors had used an illicit drug the previous year.

answer

37%

question

Illicit drug experimentation among high school seniors in 2009 has been reported to be ____________.

answer

Less than figures reported in 1979

question

Cocaine use during 2009 was reported by ________ of seniors.

answer

question

Nonmedical use of inhalants has held steady at between ______ since 2001.

answer

3-5%

question

Compared to high school seniors, college students report a roughly equivalent annual prevalence rate in the use of illicit drugs in general, which is about _________.

answer

36%

question

According to the 2009 University o Michigan survey, almost one-half of high school seniors reported having consumed _____ in the past month.

answer

Alcohol

question

answer

Three times

question

The most frequently used drug on a daily basis by high school students is __________.

answer

Nicotine

question

Societal changes in the 1980s which the text cites as reasons why youngsters did not have a tendency to view regular drug use as dangerous include __________.

answer

All of the above (lack of drug abuse prevention programs in schools, poor communication between parents and children regarding drugs, lack of anti-drug public service messages in the media)

question

Vulnerability toward drug-taking behavior is shaped by which type(s) of factors in a person's life?

answer

Both A and B (risk factors and conjoint factors)

question

Which is NOT a protective factor for drug use?

answer

Easy availability of drugs in one's environment

question

Which of the following is NOT considered a "club drug"?

answer

Smokable heroin

question

Which of the following drugs is associated with a marked increase in body temperature?

answer

MDMA (Ecstacy)

question

Which of the following drugs produces increased alertness and energy?

answer

Methamphetamine

question

Which of the following drugs (also known as the forget-me pill) is easily dissolved in beverages and is used to intoxicate or sedate individuals?

answer

Rohypnol

question

In 2009, about _____ million young adults in the United States used prescription pain relievers on a recreational basis in the past year.

answer

Four

question

The alcohol content in some OTC cough and cold medications may be as high as ________.

answer

23%

question

Dextromethorphan can be found in _______, and in high doses can increase the risk of brain damage, seizure, and death.

answer

Cough and cold medications

question

The Ebers Papyrus contained __________.

answer

Recipes for preparations used in medical treatment

question

Which statement is NOT true?

answer

Shamanism was eventually replaced by a more extreme form in certain parts of the world before it died out completely

question

Viking warriors known as berserkers displayed wild behavior due to ingestion of which psychoactive drug?

answer

Amanita muscaria, also known as fly agaric

question

The toads that were often included in "witch's brew" recipes _______________.

answer

Produced hallucinatory and BP elevating effects

question

Edward Jenner is to Louis Pasteur as ______________.

answer

Smallpox is to rabies

question

Patent medicines in the 1800s were purchased through _______________.

answer

All of the above (peddlers, general stores, mail-order advertisements)

question

In the nineteenth century, opium drinking was ___________.

answer

Generally tolerated and considered respectable

question

Until 1903, Coca-Cola contained which of the following psychoactive drugs?

answer

Cocaine

question

If you were alive in 1900, you would consider heroin ______________.

answer

Safe and completely legal

question

The Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) and the Temperance movement in general were dedicated to the prohibition of which psychoactive drug?

answer

Alcohol

question

The Prohibition era in US history is associated with which prohibited drug?

answer

Alcohol

question

The social problems associated with the Prohibition era have often been cited as an argument against ___________________.

answer

Restricting drugs in general

question

Some molds and fungi have been sources of which class fo drugs?

answer

Drugs effective in treating bacterial infections

question

Which decade is generally associated with the beginning of drug use among young, middle-class Americans?

answer

1960s

question

The name for a branch of science joining the efforts of biochemists, pharmacologists, psychologists, and psychiatrists, among others, in order to study brain functioning is _______________.

answer

Neuroscience

question

Neuroscience examines _____________.

answer

The relationship between brain functioning and human behavior

question

The most recent attitude toward drug-taking behavior considers ___________.

answer

A wide range of licit and illicit drugs varying from levels of potential for misuse or abuse

question

Advantages pf repeating the University of Michigan survey year after year include all of the following EXCEPT _________________.

answer

It allows us to examine the effects of drug-taking behavior on the participant sample as they grow up

question

According to the University of Michigan survey, binge drinking is defined as consuming ___________ or more alcoholic drinks in a row.

answer

Five

question

According to the text, it is likely that the decline of alcohol consumption from the 1980s to the present among high school seniors can be attributed to ____________.

answer

Reduced accessibility to alcohol for minors

question

Alcohol use among _______ has declined to a lesser degree than alcohol use among high school seniors.

answer

College students

question

In comparison to rates of nicotine use among high school seniors in 1977, current usage rates among high school seniors are ________.

answer

Lower

question

When compared to high school seniors, fewer college students smoke cigarettes. This statistic is due to ____________________.

answer

The heaviest smokers not being included in the college population

question

Non-college-bound high-school seniors are _______ times more likely to smoke at least half a pack of cigarettes a day than college-bound high-school seniors

answer

Three

question

According to National Survey on Drug Use and Health survey, about _____________ of adults aged 26 or older in 2009 have used an illicit drug within the previous year

answer

11%

question

A major limitation in interpreting the University of Michigan survey of adults is that ________________.

answer

Institutionalized patients and homeless people were not represented in the sample

question

When asked about their motivation for drug use, high school seniors have frequently cited _____________.

answer

Peer influence

question

Risk factors are to protective factors as __________.

answer

More likely to use drugs is to less likely to use drugs

question

Which factor is considered a risk factor for drug use?

answer

Membership in a deviant subculture

question

Generally speaking, as the number of risk factors ______, the likelihood of drug use _____________.

answer

Increases; increases

question

The leading risk factor(s) for marijuana use include ________.

answer

All of the above (the perceived prevalence of marijuana use by friends, the perceived prevalence of use in the community, individual attitudes toward marijuana smoking)

question

Having six or more protective factors in one's life _______________.

answer

Raises the level of resistance against drug use

question

According to a study cited in the text, as the number of protective factors __________, the resistance to drug use ____________.

answer

Increased; increased

question

__________ refer to substances often ingested at all-night dance parties.

answer

Club drugs

question

What is particularly dangerous about many club drugs?

answer

All of the above (they are colorless odorless and tasteless, they can be slipped into drinks unobtrusively, they have been used in sexual assault cases)

question

Individuals with ADD are treated with _________.

answer

Methamphetamine

question

In 2009, approximately ________ of high school seniors reported taking OTC cough and cold medications.

answer

Drugs & Behavior Ch. 1 – Flashcards

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