Drug Ed Mid-Term – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
1. (p. 186) Alcoholic beverages form when yeasts act upon sugars in the process of A. malting. B. fermentation. C. distillation. D. catabolism.
answer
B. Fermentation
question
2. (p. 187) Heating a solution of alcohol and water, then collecting the alcohol vapors and condensing them into a liquid with a higher alcohol content, is called A. malting. B. fermentation. C. distillation. D. catabolism.
answer
C. distillation
question
3. (p. 187) The alcoholic content of beverages is indicated by the term "proof," which is A. twice the percentage of alcohol. B. the same as the percentage of alcohol. C. half the percentage of alcohol. D. ten times the percentage of alcohol.
answer
A. twice the percentage of alcohol
question
4. (p. 187) In most commercial beers sold in the U.S., the alcohol content is about A. 80 proof. B. 20 percent. C. 8 percent. D. 4 percent.
answer
D. 4 percent
question
5. (p. 191) Many large commercial distilleries produce grain neutral spirits, which are A. only used for mixing with gasoline. B. 95 percent pure alcohol, the basis for gin and vodka. C. untaxed and sold as rubbing alcohol. D. bourbon whiskey.
answer
B
question
6. (p. 192) When alcohol is formed, other related substances are also formed, called A. nitrosamines. B. congeners. C. trace elements. D. contaminants.
answer
B
question
7. (p. 193) Benjamin Rush, a physician who also signed the Declaration of Independence, was the first to A. produce bourbon whiskey. B. refer to alcohol addiction as a disease. C. recommend brandy after meals to aid digestion. D. suggest that red wine reduces the risk of heart attacks.
answer
B
question
8. (p. 195) In the U.S., national prohibition of alcohol sales was in effect from A. 1851 to 1855. B. 1880 to 1889. C. 1920 to 1933. D. 1860 to 1940.
answer
C
question
9. (p. 195) Although national prohibition of alcohol did reduce alcohol-related deaths and hospitalizations, it was repealed partly because of the growth of organized crime and partly because A. of a widespread movement toward individual freedoms. B. of a desire to reduce the income tax. C. so many drinkers were elected to Congress. D. of major advertising efforts by the liquor industry.
answer
B
question
10. (p. 196) Age 21 became the legal drinking age in all U.S. states in what year? A. 1933. B. 1945. C. 1970. D. 1988
answer
D
question
11. (p. 198) Americans drink most of their alcohol in the form of A. beer. B. wine. C. schnapps and "coolers." D. whiskey, vodka, and gin.
answer
A
question
12. (p. 198) Total per-capita consumption of alcohol A. has increased steadily since 1965. B. has remained relatively constant over the past 40 years. C. increases and decreases about every five years. D. has declined considerably from its peak in 1981.
answer
D
question
13. (p. 198-199) Which of these states has the highest per-capita sales of alcohol? A. Texas B. California C. New Hampshire D. Georgia
answer
C
question
14. (p. 199) About what percentage of college students reports drinking alcohol at least once within the past month? A. 92 percent B. 86 percent C. 60 percent D. 41 percent
answer
C
question
15. (p. 200) Which of these substances speeds up the absorption of alcohol? A. plain water B. starchy foods C. carbonated liquids D. meat products
answer
C
question
1. (p. 165-166) The perspective that symptoms of a mental disorder lead to a diagnosis that illuminates both the underlying cause and a cure for the disorder is referred to in the text as the A. medical model. B. double-blind design. C. logical approach. D. inclusion criteria.
answer
A
question
2. (p. 166) The most recent (2013) version of the American Psychiatric Association's classification system for mental disorders is called the A. Physician's Desk Reference (PDR). B. Merck Manual. C. DSM-V. D. Treatment Guide.
answer
C
question
3. (p. 167) A major disturbance of intellectual and social functioning in which there is a loss of contact with reality is called A. anxiety disorder. B. phobia. C. depression. D. psychosis.
answer
D
question
4. (p. 168) Both depressed and manic symptoms appear in the general classification of A. schizophrenia. B. mood disorders. C. obsessive-compulsive disorder. D. psychosis.
answer
B
question
5. (p. 168) Bipolar I Disorder refers to A. panic attacks. B. agoraphobia. C. posttraumatic stress disorder. D. manic episodes with possible alternating depression.
answer
D
question
6. (p. 170) Although electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was first used to treat schizophrenia, it is now used primarily to treat A. other forms of psychosis. B. anxiety. C. personality disorders. D. severe depression.
answer
D
question
7. (p. 171) Phenothiazines and neuroleptics were terms used to describe the early forms of A. antipsychotics. B. shock therapy. C. antidepressants. D. anticonvulsants.
answer
A
question
8. (p. 171) The antipsychotic drugs that have been marketed in the past ten years, such as Zyprexa (olanzepine), are referred to as A. conventional antipsychotics. B. nouveau antipsychotics. C. atypical antipsychotics. D. postmodern antipsychotics.
answer
C
question
9. (p. 172) What is the mechanism of action for typical antipsychotics? A. block serotonin reuptake. B. stimulate acetylcholine receptors. C. increase brain levels of norepinephrine. D. block D2 dopamine receptors.
answer
D
question
10. (p. 173) One side effect common with the older antipsychotics, but less common with the newer ones, is A. pseudoparkinsonism. B. positive symptoms. C. a lag period. D. MAO inhibition.
answer
A
question
11. (p. 174) Many of the new atypical antipsychotics are known to cause A. liver disorders. B. manic episodes. C. significant weight gain and metabolic changes. D. very few side effects.
answer
C
question
12. (p. 173) A recent study of the long-term effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs found that A. atypicals are much more effective than the conventional drugs. B. these drugs are very effective for over 90 percent of schizophrenic patients. C. there is tolerance to the beneficial effects and doses must be increased after six weeks. D. three-fourths of the patients stopped taking their medication within 18 months.
answer
D
question
13. (p. 174) People taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors for depression must avoid A. exposure to strong sunlight. B. foods high in tyramine, such as aged cheeses. C. strenuous exercise. D. grapefruit juice.
answer
B
question
14. (p. 169, 172) A patient presents with these symptoms: irrational beliefs, incoherent speech, and a severe lack of emotional response. He has had these symptoms for over 9 months and they interfere with his social function. He would most likely be diagnosed with _______ and treated with __________. A. schizophrenia; aripiprazole B. schizophrenia; paroxetine C. bipolar disorder; lithium D. bipolar disorder; amphetamine
answer
A
question
15. (p. 175) Tricyclic antidepressants work by A. blocking acetylcholine receptors. B. blocking D2 dopamine receptors. C. inhibiting reuptake of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. D. inhibiting metabolism of GABA.
answer
C
question
1. (p. 147) The CNS depressants include various prescription drugs referred to as A. GHBs. B. sedative-hypnotics. C. entheogens. D. catecholamines.
answer
B
question
2. (p. 148) Which of these is NOT one of the early sedative-hypnotics used in medicine? A. chloral hydrate B. paraldehyde C. butyrate D. bromide salts
answer
C
question
3. (p. 148) What has kept paraldehyde from being widely used? A. danger to the CNS B. bad taste and odor C. danger to the respiratory system D. irritation to the gastric system
answer
B
question
4. (p. 148) How are barbiturates usually classified? A. duration of action B. price C. chemical structure D. strength of hypnotic effect
answer
A
question
5. (p. 149) Among the barbiturates, when prescribing a sleeping pill (hypnotic), physicians would usually choose a A. higher dose of a short-acting drug. B. lower dose of a long-acting drug. C. higher dose of a long-acting drug. D. lower dose of a short-acting drug.
answer
A
question
6. (p. 150) Two drugs that were introduced as being safer than the barbiturates, but in the long run proved to be not much safer, were A. fluoxetine and paroxetine. B. toluene and xylene. C. meprobamate and methaqualone. D. perphenazine and thiazine.
answer
C
question
7. (p. 152) The major advantage of the benzodiazepines over the barbiturates seems to be the A. lower cost. B. greater effectiveness. C. shorter duration of activity. D. greater safety margin.
answer
D
question
8. (p. 152) Librium (chlordiazepoxide) and Valium (diazepam) were the first widely sold A. benzodiazepines. B. barbiturates. C. methaqualones. D. sedatives.
answer
A
question
9. (p. 152) The "date-rape" drug Rohypnol (flunitrazepam) A. is no longer manufactured legally. B. is sold as a hypnotic agent (sleeping pill) in many countries other than the U.S. C. was never marketed by any company because of its unusual impairment of memory. D. is available by prescription in the U.S.
answer
B
question
10. (p. 153) When benzodiazepines bind to their receptor site, they A. release barbiturates. B. block acetylcholine receptors. C. reduce the membrane electrical potential. D. enhance the inhibitory effects of GABA.
answer
D
question
11. (p. 156) Zolpidem (Ambien) is: A. an older sleeping pill that is no longer marketed. B. an intermediate-acting barbiturate. C. not a benzodiazepine chemically, but it has similar effects. D. a long-acting benzodiazepine.
answer
C
question
12. (p. 153) The four most widely sold benzodiazepines are all longer-acting drugs sold primarily as A. anxiolytics. B. analgesics. C. hypnotics. D. antidepressants.
answer
A
question
13. (p. 153) Sedative-hypnotic agents bind to which receptors in the brain? A. glutamate B. GHB C. serotonin D. GABA
answer
D
question
14. (p. 158) Animal self-administration experiments and studies of drug choice among humans indicate that A. benzodiazepines have no dependence liability. B. rats and people are very different in the drugs they choose to self-administer. C. short-acting barbiturates are more likely to lead to dependence than any of the benzodiazepines. D. all of the benzodiazepines have high dependence liability.
answer
C
question
15. (p. 158) Withdrawal from long-term use of sedative-hypnotic drugs is characterized by A. aching, high blood pressure, drowsiness. B. anxiety, impaired concentration, insomnia, convulsions. C. rapid mood swings. D. minor discomfort, but no serious symptoms.
answer
B
question
1. (p. 125) The use of cocaine by members of the general public in Europe was initially in the form of A. coca powder. B. pills. C. drinks, such as coca wine. D. cigarettes.
answer
C
question
2. (p. 125) Dr. W. S. Halsted, the "father of American surgery," experimented with cocaine's ability to produce A. dependence. B. a deep sleep. C. psychosis. D. local anesthesia.
answer
D
question
3. (p. 126) Which famous physician studied cocaine as a treatment for morphine dependence and depression? A. Benjamin Rush B. Sigmund Freud C. Johns Hopkins D. Parke Davis
answer
B
question
4. (p. 128) The 1914 New York Times article, "Negro Cocaine 'Fiends' are a New Southern menace," A. provided solid documentation of increased psychiatric admissions due to cocaine. B. erroneously said that cocaine increased homicidal tendencies and improved marksmanship. C. erroneously said that the real problem was the alcohol people were drinking with cocaine. D. was the first public description of crack cocaine use.
answer
B
question
5. (p. 129) What did the 1914 Harrison Act do? A. outlawed coca, cocaine, and opium B. taxed importation and sale of coca, cocaine, and opium C. taxed possession of marijuana D. outlawed possession of heroin
answer
B
question
6. (p. 129) Most illicit cocaine in the U.S. is powder cocaine (cocaine hydrochloride), which is A. also called "rock" or "crack." B. a form of ecstasy (MDMA). C. too stable to be smoked. D. usually contaminated with strychnine.
answer
C
question
7. (p. 130) The passage of the 1986 Anti-Drug Abuse Act A. came after over a thousand stories about cocaine had appeared in the national media. B. did not focus on any particular drug. C. came in response to increasing concerns about methamphetamine. D. did not differentiate between crack and powder cocaine.
answer
A
question
8. (p. 130) Although National Survey on Drug Use and Health data indicates greater prevalence of illicit drug use among white Americans, black Americans represented more than 80 percent of those arrested for A. marijuana possession. B. selling methamphetamine. C. all drug offenses. D. violation of federal crack cocaine laws.
answer
D
question
9. (p. 126-127) In the text, the discussion of media depictions of powder cocaine use in the early 20th century and crack cocaine use in the 1980s was used to illustrate that A. the U.S. media and drug policies may target people of color disproportionately. B. the media should be used to publicize the extent of the drug problem. C. U.S. drug policies have greatly reduced drug use. D. powder cocaine and crack cocaine are distinctly different drugs.
answer
A
question
10. (p. 131) Cocaine's effects in the brain A. result from blocking serotonin reuptake. B. result from blocking dopamine reuptake. C. result from blocking norepinephrine reuptake. D. all of the above.
answer
D
question
11. (p. 131-132) The most common way cocaine is used recreationally is by A. intravenous injection. B. insufflation (snorting). C. mixing it with alcoholic beverages and drinking it. D. smoking crack.
answer
B
question
12. (p. 132) What is cocaine still used for medically? A. It is prescribed for weight loss. B. It is used as a local anesthetic for nasal, laryngeal, and esophageal surgeries. C. It is used as a local anesthetic for dental surgeries. D. Cocaine has no medical uses currently
answer
B
question
13. (p. 132) Cocaethylene A. is a type of freebase cocaine that uses ether. B. was one of the popular patent medicines sold around 1900. C. is formed in the body when cocaine and alcohol are used together. D. is a precursor for cocaine production.
answer
C
question
14. (p. 133) When laboratory animals are given unlimited opportunities to self-administer cocaine injection A. most eventually become bored with it and stop taking it. B. they become completely tolerant to it and it loses its effect. C. they only inject enough to keep themselves awake. D. they will readily self-administer it.
answer
D
question
15. (p. 133) Cocaine use during pregnancy now appears to be associated with A. no consistent negative associations with physical growth, test scores, or language in children. B. about one-third of all cases of mental retardation. C. ADHD and depression in school-age children. D. greater neonatal problems than alcohol or tobacco.
answer
A
question
1. (p. 101) Most of our drugs originally came either directly or indirectly from A. South America. B. plants. C. petroleum. D. German chemists.
answer
B
question
2. (p. 102) Most drugs have three different kinds of names. Which of them belongs to a specific manufacturer? A. chemical name B. generic name C. brand name D. research name
answer
C
question
3. (p. 103) The group of psychoactive drugs called stimulants includes A. cocaine. B. Prozac. C. LSD. D. heroin.
answer
A
question
4. (p. 103) Among the psychoactive drugs, alcohol can be classified as a(n) A. stimulant. B. opioid. C. hallucinogen. D. depressant.
answer
D
question
5. (p. 103) Which of these is given its own classification category, due to its complex effects at different doses? A. cocaine B. marijuana C. Abilify D. caffeine
answer
B
question
6. (p. 105) Nonspecific effects of taking a drug are those that do not depend on its chemical activity. They are sometimes referred to as A. placebo effects. B. ataxia. C. side effects. D. dose-response effects.
answer
A
question
7. (p. 105) When neither the person taking the drug nor the person evaluating the effects of the drug knows which people are getting the experimental drug and which people are getting the placebo, this procedure is referred to as a(n) A. design flaw. B. effect size. C. preclinical study. D. double-blind procedure.
answer
D
question
8. (p. 106) The threshold on a dose-response curve is the A. point at which the dose of the drug causes maximal response. B. lowest dose at which there is an observable effect of the drug. C. safe effective dose of the drug. D. therapeutic index of the drug.
answer
B
question
9. (p. 106) The text uses an example of overlapping dose-response curves for slowed reaction time, ataxia (staggering), and coma to illustrate A. how different drugs have different effects. B. that different drug-related effects can have different thresholds. C. the placebo effect. D. the grapefruit-juice effect.
answer
B
question
10. (p. 107) The safety margin for a particular drug is based on the idea that A. toxic doses will typically be larger than therapeutic doses. B. most drugs cause toxicity problems only when combined with other drugs. C. we need to determine an LD50 using human volunteers. D. we should only prescribe drugs that are not toxic even
answer
A
question
11. (p. 108) With increasing doses of any useful drug, there is usually an increase in the number and severity of A. side effects. B. beneficial effects. C. placebo effects. D. effects on the stomach.
answer
A
question
12. (p. 108) The potency of a drug is defined in terms of A. the magnitude of the effect it produces. B. its dependence potential. C. whether it has a detectible odor. D. the amount required to produce an effect.
answer
D
question
13. (p. 111) The story of the Michigan police officer who ate marijuana-laced brownies and then called 911, is a good illustration of which basic psychopharmacology fact? A. Drug laws only apply to those outside of law enforcement. B. Marijuana produces paranoia in the majority of users. C. The oral route of administration produces the fastest onset of effects. D. Different routes of administration can producing markedly different drug effects.
answer
D
question
14. (p. 109) The time course of a drug's action depends on A. how the drug is administered. B. how rapidly the drug is absorbed. C. how the drug is eliminated from the body. D. all of the above.
answer
D
question
15. (p. 111) Regardless of the route of administration, psychoactive drugs reach the brain tissue by way of the A. meninges. B. spinal cord. C. bloodstream. D. liver.
answer
C
question
1. (p. 78) The process of maintaining our internal environment (temperature, water balance, etc.) within certain limits is called A. the blood-brain barrier. B. sympathetic. C. homeostasis. D. inhibition.
answer
C
question
2. (p. 80) In addition to neurons, the brain contains an even larger number of another cell type known as A. mitochondria. B. glia. C. serotonin. D. pseudopodia.
answer
B
question
3. (p. 80) Which of these is NOT one of the four important regions found in every neuron? A. cell body B. dendrites C. axon D. glia
answer
D
question
4. (p. 82) Gated ion channels for sodium and potassium open and close in rapid succession, causing the neuron to depolarize and then return to its normal resting level, during each A. action potential. B. homeostasis. C. metabolism. D. transporter.
answer
A
question
5. (p. 83) Cocaine selectively blocks Na+ (sodium) channels, which is the mechanism that leads to A. CNS stimulation. B. increased heart rate. C. local anesthetic effects. D. cocaine dependence.
answer
C
question
6. (p. 80) ______________ results from a loss of myelin wrappings. A. Parkinson's disease B. Multiple sclerosis C. Schizophrenia D. Alzheimer's disease
answer
B
question
7. (p. 84) Parasympathetic and sympathetic refer to the two branches of the A. glia. B. axon. C. autonomic nervous system. D. limbic system.
answer
C
question
8. (p. 86) Parkinson's disease produces tremors and muscular rigidity because of damage to A. acetylcholine neurons in the parasympathetic branch. B. dopamine neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway. C. norepinephrine neurons in the locus ceruleus. D. the blood-brain barrier.
answer
B
question
9. (p. 84) The neurotransmitter at the end organ of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is A. serotonin. B. dopamine. C. norepinephrine. D. GABA.
answer
C
question
10. (p. 88) The ______________ is an important link between the brain and the pituitary gland, and is involved in feeding, drinking, temperature regulation, and sexual behavior. A. cerebral cortex B. cerebellum C. limbic system D. hypothalamus
answer
D
question
11. (p. 89) Neural centers controlling vomiting and respiration are found in the A. brainstem. B. frontal lobe. C. cerebellum. D. pituitary gland.
answer
A
question
12. (p. 85) Which chemical pathway appears to be important both in some types of psychotic behavior and in the reinforcing properties of various drugs? A. acetylcholine pathway from the nucleus basalis B. serotonin pathway from the raphe nuclei C. mesolimbic dopamine pathway D. glutamate pathway
answer
C
question
13. (p. 87) Weight control, aggression, impulsivity, and psychological depression have all been associated with A. serotonin pathways. B. endorphins. C. GABA receptors. D. the parasympathetic branch.
answer
A
question
14. (p. 86) Natural chemicals in the brain that produce effects similar to those of morphine and other opium-derived drugs are called A. amphetamines. B. depressants. C. endorphins. D. ecstasy.
answer
C
question
15. (p. 90) The process in which enzymes within neurons convert precursors into neurotransmitter molecules is called A. homeostasis. B. uptake. C. depolarization. D. synthesis.
answer
D
question
1. (p. 51) In the early 1800s, _____________ was the medical doctor's most reliable and effective medicine that was used for a variety of conditions, but mainly for pain relief. A. alcohol B. marijuana C. barbiturates D. opium
answer
D
question
2. (p. 53) One concern that led to the initial passage of federal drug-control legislation in 1906 was A. amphetamine abuse. B. marijuana smoking. C. heroin use. D. patent medicines.
answer
D
question
3. (p. 50) In the early 1900s in the U.S., fears about opium and cocaine were closely linked to A. large numbers of drug-related deaths. B. gang-related violence. C. minority racial groups. D. public use in saloons and night clubs.
answer
C
question
4. (p. 53) The 1906 U.S. law that prohibited interstate commerce in adulterated or misbranded foods and drugs was called the A. Controlled Substances Act. B. Pure Food and Drugs Act. C. Prescription Drug Act. D. Patent Medicines Act.
answer
B
question
5. (p. 54) The Harrison Act of 1914 A. required pharmacists and physicians to register and pay a tax to dispense certain drugs. B. made it a crime to prescribe heroin to dependent users. C. regulated all over-the-counter medicines. D. regulated peyote and marijuana.
answer
A
question
6. (p. 54-55) The Pure Food and Drugs Act and the Harrison Act were originally administered by the U.S. A. Department of Health. B. Agriculture and Treasury Departments. C. Drug Enforcement Administration. D. Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association.
answer
B
question
7. (p. 55) When the Pure Food and Drugs Act was first passed, drugs were legally required to be A. safe. B. effective. C. pure and accurately labeled. D. all of the above.
answer
C
question
8. (p. 56) Important changes to the regulation of drugs by the Food and Drug Administration occurred in 1938 and 1962, largely in response to A. testimony by medical doctors. B. pressure from the drug manufacturers. C. the Elixir Sulfanilamide poisonings and birth defects from thalidomide. D. increased smuggling.
answer
C
question
9. (p. 58) Before the FDA approves an IND for human testing of a new drug, A. several hundred volunteers have been exposed to the drug. B. the drug has been tested in at least two species of nonhuman animals. C. the drug's effectiveness has been proven. D. the drug must be marketed in another country.
answer
B
question
10. (p. 57-58) Before a new drug is released to the market, the FDA requires A. a pricing comparison with competing drugs. B. proof that no adverse reactions will occur. C. three phases of clinical testing, with each phase involving more people. D. personal testimony from patients who have tried the drug.
answer
C
question
11. (p. 59) In any given year, about _______ drug compounds are studied and about _________ will be approved by the FDA. A. 30; 3 B. 3000; 30 C. 300; 30 D. 30; 30
answer
B
question
12. (p. 60) The single most important legislation that has shaped the federal government's approach to controlled substances was A. alcohol prohibition (the 18th Amendment). B. the Pure Food and Drugs Act. C. the Marijuana Tax Act. D. the Dangerous Drugs Act.
answer
A
question
13. (p. 62) The Marijuana Tax Act was passed in A. 1874. B. 1906. C. 1937. D. 1978.
answer
C
question
14. (p. 63) According to the text, which of following most accurately describes the recent drug laws in Portugal? A. Possession for personal use of all drugs is decriminalized. B. Possession for personal use of all drugs will receive stiffer penalties. C. Possession for personal use of marijuana is decriminalized. D. Possession for personal use of marijuana will receive stiffer penalties.
answer
A
question
15. (p. 63-65) The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 A. established schedules of controlled substances and moved enforcement to the Justice Department. B. was the first to distinguish prescription from over-the-counter drugs. C. established harsh penalties for first-offense possession of an illicit drug. D. included control over alcohol and tobacco products.
answer
A
question
1. (p. 25-26) The U.S. government in the 1800s had few regulations on industry and in general took a "hands-off" approach to government that has been referred to by the term A. crime. B. laissez-faire. C. toxicity. D. trends.
answer
B
question
2. (p. 26) The text lists three concerns that led to the adoption of the first U.S. laws regulating what we now call controlled substances. Which of these was NOT one of the three? A. high profits for drug sellers B. toxicity C. dependence D. association of drug use with crime
answer
A
question
3. (p. 26) When using a substance makes normal activities such as driving result in harmful accidents, this is called A. behavioral tolerance. B. drug misuse. C. behavioral toxicity. D. laissez-faire.
answer
C
question
4. (p. 26-27) Acute drug effects are those that A. are dangerous. B. are caused by the immediate presence of the drug in the body. C. are unrelated to dose. D. last more than a day.
answer
B
question
5. (p. 27) Which is an example of chronic physiological toxicity? A. high blood pressure from smoking B. amotivational syndrome C. paranoia from methamphetamine use D. respiratory arrest from an alcohol overdose
answer
A
question
6. (p. 27-30) The Drug Abuse Warning Network A. is a system of free public-service announcements. B. is a voluntary organization for teachers and police officers. C. monitors drug-related medical emergencies. D. monitors arrest rates for various drug-law violations.
answer
C
question
7. (p. 29) According to recent DAWN data, which of these substances is near the top of the emergency room visits list? A. alcohol-in-combination B. marijuana C. methamphetamine D. ecstasy (MDMA)
answer
A
question
8. (p. 27) What is a Drug Recognition Expert? A. A physician trained to recognize a variety of medications B. A police officer trained to recognize drug-related behavioral impairments C. A teacher trained to recognize the scent of burning marijuana D. None of the above
answer
B
question
9. (p. 29) A 2010 analysis of drug-related deaths conducted by the CDC indicates that __________ is responsible for more than half of drug overdose deaths. A. heroin B. pharmaceutical drugs C. marijuana D. None of the above
answer
B
question
10. (p. 29-30) In comparing the relative toxicity of marijuana and cocaine, it is important to take into account A. the user's gender. B. availability and price. C. urban vs. rural environment. D. that many more people use marijuana than use cocaine.
answer
D
question
11. (p. 28-30) DAWN data provides all of the following EXCEPT A. information about which drugs are associated with the greatest number of ER visits. B. clear measures of the toxicity of individual drugs. C. data regarding problems associated with alcohol-in-combination. D. general information about trends in drug-related ER visits.
answer
B
question
12. (p. 31) Since the 1990s, HIV transmission rates among intravenous drug users have been reduced from about 50% to about 10%. According to the text, which of these factors led to this decrease? A. syringe exchange programs B. sexual abstinence education C. increased Narcotics Anonymous attendance D. decreased use of hormonal contraceptives
answer
A
question
13. (p. 33) When repeated exposure to the same dose of a drug results in a lesser effect, this is called A. acute toxicity. B. dependence. C. vaccination. D. tolerance.
answer
D
question
14. (p. 33) The occurrence of a withdrawal syndrome is evidence of A. physical dependence. B. chronic behavioral disorder. C. an antigen-antibody reaction. D. craving.
answer
A
question
15. (p. 34) The drugs with which people are most likely to develop psychological (behavioral) dependence are generally also found to have A. stimulant effects. B. pain-relieving effects. C. sedative effects. D. reinforcing effects in laboratory animals.
answer
D
question
1. (p. 4) Methamphetamine, crack cocaine, ecstasy, and glue sniffing were given as examples of media reports on A. the "drug du jour." B. laissez-faire. C. drugs that are always bad drugs. D. drug use by celebrities.
answer
A
question
2. (p. 4) One of the general principles of psychoactive drug use is that A. all psychoactive drugs should be banned. B. most people are unable to control their own drug use. C. every drug has an opposite drug that can counteract it. D. drugs, per se, are not good or bad
answer
D
question
3. (p. 3) One of the general principles of psychoactive drugs is that "every drug has ____________." A. effects on the heart B. impurities C. multiple effects D. a key to some part of the mind
answer
C
question
4. (p. 3) One of the general principles of psychoactive drug use is that "the effect of any psychoactive drug depends on ___________________." A. the individual's history and expectations B. its legal status C. the user's diet D. the user's unique brain chemistry
answer
A
question
5. (p. 5) The use of a substance in a manner, amounts, or situations such that the drug causes problems or greatly increases the chances of problems occurring is A. addiction. B. dependence. C. abuse. D. deviance.
answer
C
question
6. (p. 5) Drug use that is not common within a social group and that is disapproved of by the majority, causing members of a group to take corrective action when it occurs, is A. deviant drug use. B. drug misuse. C. drug abuse. D. illicit drug abuse.
answer
A
question
7. (p. 5) A drug that is unlawful to possess or use is defined in the text as A. an illicit drug. B. a narcotic. C. an addictive drug. D. an abused drug.
answer
A
question
8. (p. 6) Drugs have played a significant role in human society A. for about the past 100 years. B. only since the 1960s. C. for thousands of years. D. only in Europe and North America.
answer
C
question
9. (p. 6) In the past 100 years, the introduction of vaccines to prevent diseases and antibiotics to cure some types of infections laid the foundation for A. illicit drug markets. B. our acceptance of medicines as the cornerstone of our health care system. C. many dangerous drug interactions. D. the "war on drugs."
answer
B
question
10. (p. 7) Much of our information about rates of drug use come from survey questionnaires. One important limitation of such questionnaires is A. the sample sizes are too small. B. people might not answer honestly. C. the people who do the studies are biased. D. they don't ask questions about illicit drugs.
answer
B
question
11. (p. 7) Despite the limitations of survey questionnaires, they can be especially informative A. if they are done year after year, because we can then look for changes over time. B. about use among those who are not included in the survey. C. about alcohol use, because it is not illegal. D. about misuse of prescription drugs.
answer
A
question
12. (p. 8) Among college students, fewer than one-fourth have ever tried A. alcohol. B. cigarettes. C. marijuana. D. hallucinogens.
answer
D
question
13. (p. 9) Based on two large surveys, it appears that the percentage of young people reporting current marijuana use A. is at its highest point since the studies began over 30 years ago. B. is about half the percentage reporting current use in the late 1970s. C. has increased substantially during the past decade. D. is about 65 percent.
answer
B
question
14. (p. 10) When we examine changes over the years in the percentage of high school seniors who say they have smoked marijuana, we find a clear inverse (mirror-image) relationship to A. alcohol use. B. perceived availability of marijuana. C. perceived risk of harm in using marijuana. D. the nation's economy.
answer
C
question
15. (p. 12) The National Survey on Drug Use and Health revealed that current alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine use A. is at the same level compared to 1980. B. is higher compared to 1980. C. is lower compared to 1992. D. hasn't changed much in the past 15 years.
answer
D
