Dr. Johnsons Psychology Language – Flashcards
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Language refers to the _________. A. smallest distinctive sound units B. rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences C. spoken, written, or signed words and the ways they are combined to communicate meaning D. rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes
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Spoken, written, or signed words and the ways they are combined to communicate meaning
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The smallest distinctive sound unit of language is called a _________. grammar suffix morpheme phoneme
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phoneme
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The system of rules in a language that enables us to understand and communicate with others is called _________. grammar semantics telegraphic speech aphasia
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GRAMMER
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To combine words into grammatically sensible sentences, we need to apply proper rules of _________. determinism semantics reinforcement syntax
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Syntax
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Morphemes are _________. A) rules for combining words into grammatically correct sentences B) the rules that enable us to communicate C) the smallest speech units that carry meaning D) the smallest distinctive sound units of a language
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the smallest speech units that carry meaning
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The earliest stage of speech development is called the ________ stage. A) one-word B) babbling C) grammatical D) telegraphic speech
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babbling
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Telegraphic speech is most closely associated with the ________ stage of language development. A) two-word B) semantic C) babbling D) one-word
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two-word
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B. F. Skinner emphasized the importance of ________ in language acquisition. A) heuristics B) reinforcement C) universal grammar D) perceptual set
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reinforcement
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By about age 7, those who have not been exposed to either a spoken or a signed language gradually lose their ability to master any language. This illustrates the importance of ________ for language acquisition. A) linguistic determinism B) perceptual set C) a critical period D) an outcome simulation
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a critical period
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An impairment of language is known as ______. A) a heuristic B) babbling C) aphasia D) telegraphic speech
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aphasia
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Human language appears to have evolved from ______. A) a perceptual set B) a process simulation C) gestured communication D) a critical period
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gestured communication
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Benjamin Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis emphasizes that ______. A) infancy is a critical period for language development B) all languages share a similar grammar C) words shape the way people think D) our linguistic proficiencies influence our social status
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words shape the way people think
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People's implicit memory of how to open the front door of their house is most likely to consist of ______. A) a mental image B) telegraphic speech C) a heuristic D) universal grammar
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a mental image
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Introductory psychology students performed best on a midterm psychology test if they had previously spent five minutes a day visualizing themselves ______. A) feeling proud about receiving a high midterm test grade B) physically relaxing C) studying effectively D) receiving a high midterm test grade
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studying effectively
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Damage to the ______ will usually cause a person to lose the ability to comprehend language. A) frontal lobe association areas B) Broca's area C) Amygdala D) any area of the brain
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Broca's area
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Which of the following BEST describes Noam Chomsky's view of language development? A) Humans have a biological predisposition to acquire language B) We are born with a built-in specific language C) There are no cultural influences on the development of language D) Language is an innate ability
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Humans have a biological predisposition to acquire language
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Our ability to learn a new language ______. A) diminishes with age B) remains constant throughout our lives C) depends on the language D) is limited by a sharply defined critical period
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diminishes with age
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The bilingual advantage refers to the fact that people who are fluent in two languages are better at ______. A) acquiring large vocabularies in both languages B) thinking in images C) thinking in words D) constrain their attention to irrelevant information
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constrain their attention to irrelevant information
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Which of these statements is true regarding the relationship between thinking and language? A) "Real" thinking requires the use of language B) A thought that cannot be expressed in a particular language cannot occur to speakers of that language C) People sometimes think in images rather than in words D) People always think in verbal forms
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People sometimes think in images rather than in words
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Syntax refers to the _____. A) rules for ordering words into sentences B) sounds in a word C) overall rules of a language D) rules by which meaning is derived from sentences
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rules for ordering words into sentences
