Dorothea Orem’s General Theory of Nursing – Flashcards

founder of the Orem model of nursing or Self Care Deficit Nursing Theory

this theory states that nurses have to supply care when the patients cannot provide care to themselves. theory is about self-care: about the capacity to recover themselves with a little help of nurses

Self caring agent capable of providing for own individual needs through self-care activities. Meet own needs through nutrition, fitness, hygiene, rest and relaxation, interpersonal relationships, meaningful work, spiritual practices, prevention and health promotion practices A requirement for nursing exists when a person is unable to maintain for him/herself self-care action which is therapeutic in sustaining life and health, recovering from disease and injury or coping with their effects.

Physical, chemical, biologic, and social contexts within which human beings exits; Environmental components include environmental factors, elements, and conditions, as well as the developmental environment Can hinder or support self-care activities. Person (client/patient) self-care deficits are the result of environmental situations.

A state characterized by soundness or wholeness of developed human structures and of bodily and mental functioning Promoted by adequate self-care Major areas for "self-care" patient education: -Maintaining health -Enhancing health Includes: -exercise & physical fitness -nutrition and weight control -stress management -maintenance of social support systems -environmental control

Therapeutic self-care designed to supplement self-care requisites. Nursing actions fall into one of three categories: -Wholly compensatory -Partially compensatory -Supportive-educative system

1. People should be responsible for their care as well as others in family who need care. 2. People are distinct individuals. 3. Nursing is an action. Interaction between two or more people. 4. Successfully meeting universal self care requirements is important in primary care prevention. 5. A person's knowledge of potential health problems is needed for promoting self-care behaviors. 6. Self-care and dependent care are behaviors learned within a socio-cultural context.

Orem's approach to the nursing process provides a method to determine the self-care deficits and then to define the roles of patient or nurse to meet the self-care demands. The steps in the approach are thought of as the technical component of the nursing process. Orem emphasizes that the technological component "must be coordinated with interpersonal and social pressures within nursing situations

The model is concerned with the provision and management of self-care. Composed of three related theories: -Theory of self-care -Theory of self-care deficit -Theory of nursing systems

found in all human beings and associated with life processes.

related to different stages of human life cycle

related to deviations in structure or function

-Universal self-care requisites -Developmental self-care requisites -Health-deviation self-care requisites

Describes how the patient's self-care needs will be met by the nurse, the patient, or by both. Orem identifies three classifications of nursing system to meet the self-care requisites of the patient: -wholly compensatory system, -partially compensatory system, -supportive-educative system.

In the wholly compensatory nursing system, the nurse supports and protects the client, compensates for the client's inability to care for self, and attempts to provide care for the client. The nurse would use the wholly compensatory nursing system when caring for a newborn or with a client in a postanesthesia care unit who is recovering from surgery. Both of these clients are completely unable to provide self-care.

Both, the nurse and patient, perform care measures. The nurse compensates for what the patient cannot do. The patient is able to perform selected self-care activities but also accepts care performed by the nurse for needs the client is unable to meet independently.

The nurse's actions are to help patients develop their own self-care abilities through knowledge, support, and encouragement. Patients must learn and perform their own self-care activities.

Orem's approach to the nursing process provides a method to determine the self-care deficits and then to define the roles of patient or nurse to meet the self-care demands. The nursing process in this model has three parts. - assessment which collects data to determine the problem or concern that needs to be addressed -diagnosis and creation of a nursing care plan -implementation and evaluation The nurse sets the health care plan into motion to meet the goals set by the patient and his or her health care team, and, when finished, evaluate the nursing care by interpreting the results of the implementation of the plan.