Diseases of the Skin – Flashcards
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Unlock answers 52| Hyaluronidase |
| Enzyme that attacks connective tissue |
| Deoxyribonucleases |
| Enzyme that blocks neutrophil activity |
| Proteases |
| Enzymes that block neutrophil migration |
| M Protein |
| Enzyme that inhibits phagocytosis |
| Hemolysin |
| Enzyme that ruptures erythrocytes |
| Erythrogenic toxins |
| Enzyme that causes a red rash and shedding of the skin. |
| Streptokinase |
| Enzyme that dissolves blood clots. |
Folliculitis, furuncluosis, carbuncles, sty (cause) |
| Staphylococcus aureus |
Scalded Skin Syndrome (cause) |
| Staphylococcus aureus strains that produce exfoliation toxin |
Impetigo (cause) |
| Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococci, Gram + cocci in chains |
Erysipelas (cause) |
| Streptococcus pyogenes |
Necrotizing fasciitis (cause) |
| Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus |
Pseudomonas infections (cause) |
| Pseudomonas causing superficial rashes, otitis externa, acne, and burns |
Anaerobic abscesses (cause) |
| Bacteriodes fragilis and other anaerobic Gram - non spore forming rods |
Acne (cause) |
| Proprionibacterium acnes |
Gas Gangrene (cause) |
Clostridium perfringens (anaerobic bacteria) |
Rubeola (measles) (cause) |
| Rubeola Virus |
Rubella (cause) |
| Rubella Virus |
Warts (Cause) |
| Human Papilloma Viruses (HPV) |
Small Pox (cause) |
| Variola Virus |
Chicken Pox and Shingles (cause) |
| Varicella-Zoster virus |
Herpes Simplex Virus (cause) |
| Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 |
Cutaneous Mycoses (cause) |
| Demotophyes: Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton |
Candidasis (cause) |
| Candida albicans |
Neonatal Conjunctivitis Ophthalmia (cause) |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis |
Bacterial Conjunctivitis (cause) |
| Streptococcus pyogenes, S. pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilius influenzae |
Trachoma (cause) |
| Chlamydia trachomatis |
River Blindness (onchocerciasis) (cause) |
| Transmitted by flies, parasite Onchocerca volvulus |
Scalded Skin Syndrome (characteristics) |
Exfoliation toxin causing desquamation Similar to systemic impetigo Mainly affecting babies and newborns SSSS |
Impetigo (characteristics) |
From Staph ? Toddlers, school age, adults ? This walled vesicles that rupture and crust over From Strep Pyognese ? Isolated pustulates which crust over ? Mostly in newborns ? Can be epidemic in hospital nurseries Pustules, crust |
Erysipelas (characteristics) |
Invasive
Enters through small wound or incision
Spreads to dermis and subcutaneous tissue
Often on face and extremities |
Necrotizing fasciitis (characteristics) |
Flesh eating bacteria
Small abrasions on cuts
very toxic strains which grow rapidly, produce invasive enzymes and toxins |
Pseudomonas infections (characteristics) |
Superficial rash (hot tubs)
Otitis externa
Burn patients
Cystic fibrosis lung infections (P. aeruginosa is the most common
lung infections in Cystic Fibrosis patients |
Measles (characteristics) |
Kopliks spots in mouth Fever, cough, maulopapular rash Vaccine available |
Acne (characteristics) |
Cystic acne
Process involves inflammatory response
Pores become blocked, bacteria use the sebum and break it down
into fatty acids
Lipase
Fatty acids situmlate the inflammatory response |
Gas Gangrene (characteristics) |
Anerobes: produce collagen and protein degrading enzymes that act
as virulence factors
Charcteristic Odor
Attacks areas of poor circulation
Clostridia ferment the sugars in the tissue and produce hydrogen
and carbon dioxide that swell tissue
Toxins kills tissue and may enter the blood stream to cause
systemic illness
Debridement and amputations are the most common treatments
Hyperbarric chamber to drive Oxygen to wounds |
Rubeola (characteristics) |
Kopliks spots in mouth Fever, cough, maulopapular rash Vaccine available Infects 30 million children per year globally and kills 350k per year Also known as Measles |
Rubella (characteristics) |
Very Contagious
Usually mild
Macular Rash
Possible fetal damage if mother infected during first trimester-35%
chance
Congenital rubella sydrome |
Warts; Papillomas (characteristics) |
Different virus types
Plantar warts - HPV-1
Flat warts- HPV 3, 10, 28, 49 |
Small pox (characteristics) |
Elevated lesions filled with fluid Eliminated due to worldwide vaccine (eradication) Very infectious viral disease (epidemic) Considered a bioterrorism agent |
Chicken pox Shingles (characteristics) |
Vaccine available for chicken pox
Vaccine for shingles in people over 60 (does not cure if you have it)
Common Benign Life threatening for immunocompromised individuals Recuperation can involve Varicella-zoster virus infection Chx Pox can reemerge as shingles |
Herpes simplex virus (characteristics) |
Cold sores, fever blisters 90% of people in the US are infected Spread through oral route
|
Cutaneous Mycoses (characteristics) |
| Colonizes outer layer of epidermis |
Candidiasis (characteristics) |
Known as thrush Immunocompromised individuals susceptible Fungal infection
|
Neonatal conjunctivitis ophthalmia (characteristics) |
| Occurs in babies less than 28 days old |
Bacterial Conjunctivitis (characteristics) |
Known as pink eye Can be both bacterial and viral Causes redness and inflammation
|
Trachoma (characteristics) |
Bacterial infection Eyelashes grow into eyes, causing blindness Common in Africa Vaccine available
|
River Blindness (onchocerciasis) (characteristics) |
Chronic Endemic Black flies spread disease Ivermecitin is drug; once a year Found in S. America and Africa |
