Disease and Conditions 1-7 – Flashcards
105 test answers
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Mechanical and chemical barriers, the inflammatory response, and the immune response are
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agents that damage DNA
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Signs of disease
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include abnormal objective findings
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Osteopathy
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emphasizes the body's natural process to heal and provide well being
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Which of the following most accurately states the orderly steps in making a diagnosis?
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Medical history, physical examination, diagnostic tests, diagnosis, integration of results, treatment
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The use of hormone therapy and immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer continues to evolve.
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true
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Pathogens cause disease by
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all of the above
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One of the main goals of patient teaching is to encourage the patient to comply with the treatment plan to assure recovery
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true
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Tumor grade is determined through microscopic evaluation of the tumor or a biopsy specimen
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true
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Benign tumors
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tend to remain encapsulated
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Which of the following correctly states the sequence of an allergic response within the body most?
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Exposure to allergen stimulates production of IgE antibodies that can subsequently trigger symptoms of allergy.
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Homeostasis refers to
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internal stability of the body.
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Childhood immunizations are important because
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they prevent epidemics of serious contagious diseases.
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The most common cyanotic congenital heart defect that is actually a combination of four defects is called
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tetralogy of Fallot
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Causes of prematurity include
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all of the above
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The production of copious thick and sticky mucus that accumulates and blocks glandular ducts is characteristic of
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cystic fibrosis (CF).
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Congenital diseases are
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none of the above
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Conjoined twins may be joined
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at all of the above points
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Duchenne muscular dystrophy
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is progressive and causes crippling and immobility.
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Symptoms of Wilms tumor may include
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hematuria, pain, and hypertension.
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Serious side effects of uncontrolled diarrhea in the infant or child include
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dehydration and electrolyte imbalance
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The diagnostic investigation of a congenital heart defect may include
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all of the above
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A congenital spinal defect in which no herniation of spinal cord or meninges exists is called a myelomeningocele.
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false
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Which of the following statements is(are) true about erythroblastosis fetalis?
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Antibodies in the mother's blood destroy the red blood cells of the fetus. It is characterized in the fetus by anemia, jaundice, and enlargement of the liver and spleen Both a and b are true.
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Cystic fibrosis (CF), a chronic dysfunction of the exocrine glands, primarily attacks the
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lungs and digestive system.
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The symptoms and signs of anemia include
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all of the above
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The primary treatment of rheumatoid arthritis is
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reduction of inflammation and pain. preservation of joint function. prevention of joint deformity. all of the above.
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All patients with HIV will develop full-blown AIDS
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false
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Immunoglobulins that provide the ability to recognize foreign organisms stimulating the antigen-antibody reaction are called
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B-cells
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The acquired immunity that results when a person has a disease is
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active
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Auoimmune diseases occur only in the blood and lymphatic systems
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false
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The most common form of immunodeficiency is
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selective immunoglobulin A deficiency disease
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Side effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) include GI ulceration and bleeding, blood dyscrasias, tinnitus, rash, hypersensitivity reactions and liver toxicity.
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true
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There are no cures for connective tissue diseases, and treatment is only palliative.
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true
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An autoimmune condition in which erythrocytes are destroyed by antibodies causing the patient to experience fatigue, chills, fever, dyspnea, and jaundice is
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autoimmune hemolytic anemia
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Autoimmune diseases occur when autoantibodies develop and begin to destroy the body's own cells
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true
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The group of diseases that occur when antibodies develop and begin to destroy the body's own cells is
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autoimmune diseases.
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With proper therapy the prognosis for children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is
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generally good
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Opportunistic infections can emerge as a result of deficiencies of the immune system
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true
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Prevention measures for HIV infection relate directly to avoiding risk factors such as hugging, touching, and handshaking
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false
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Injections of vitamin B12, which must be continued for life, are the primary treatment for pernicious anemia.
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true
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Dysfunction of the endocrine system results in decreased or increased secretion of hormones.
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true
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The master gland of the endocrine system is the
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pituitary gland
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Dwarfism is the abnormal underdevelopment of the body, or hypopituitarism, occurring in children.
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true
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A simple, or nontoxic, goiter results from
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inadequate amounts of iodine in the diet
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Myxedema, or severe hypothyroidism, has its onset during infancy.
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false
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Insulin and glucagon are produced by the
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pancreas
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Polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia, weight loss, and fatigue are the principal symptoms of
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diabetes mellitus
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Hyperparathyroidism or overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH) causes
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all of the above
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A congenital hypothyroid condition that causes mental and growth retardation in the infant or young child is called
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cretinism
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The person experiencing insulin shock requires simple sugar
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true
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Oral hypoglycemic agents such as DiaBeta and Glucophage can cause symptoms similar to diabetic coma
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false
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Hypersecretion of human growth hormone (hGH) by the pituitary before puberty resulting in abnormal and accelerated growth is called
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none of the above
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Hypersecretion of hGH that causes overgrowth of the hands and feet, abnormal thickening of the bones of the face, and excessive overgrowth of soft tissue, occurring after puberty is called
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acromegaly
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A chronic disease of the immune system that attacks the thyroid gland and causes a goiter is called
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Hashimoto thyroiditis.
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Rapid heartbeat and palpitations, increased metabolism, weight loss, nervousness, excitability, profuse perspiration, excessive thirst, muscular weakness, exophthalmos, and the presence of a goiter are symptoms and signs of
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all of the above
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A defect in the _____ results in difficulty in visual detection of color and fine detail.
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cones
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Sensorineural hearing loss that is caused by damage to the cochlea is irreversible; therefore prevention is essential.
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true
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The sensor receptive cells in the retina that function best in dim light and enable night vision are the
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rods
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Treatment of refractive errors of the eye might include
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all of the above
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Hyperopia, myopia, and presbyopia are refractive errors that result when the
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eye is unable to focus light effectively
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The middle ear is normally air filled
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true
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A major cause of blindness in the United States is
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glaucoma
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Chronic open-end glaucoma results from a malfunction of the drainage system, which causes intraocular pressure to be raised
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true
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Which of the following statement(s) is(are) true about nystagmus?
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It necessitates a complete neurologic evaluation when acquired.
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The only treatment that cures otosclerosis is a surgical procedure called stapedectomy.
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true
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A chronic disease of the inner ear marked by a recurring syndrome of vertigo, tinnitus, progressive hearing loss, and a sensation of pressure in the ear is called
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Ménière's disease.
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Serous otitis media may be either acute or chronic
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true
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Conjunctivitis can be caused by
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infection, irritation, allergies or chemicals
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Placement of sharp objects into the ear canal, an explosion, a severe middle ear infection, or a blow to the ear could result in
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a ruptured tympanic membrane.
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An inflammation of the thin, transparent membrane covering the visible portion of the sclera and lining the inside of the eyelids results in
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conjunctivitis
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Preventive measures for a decubitus ulcer include
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all of the above
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Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer.
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true
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Tinea capitis, tinea corporis, tinea pedis and tinea cruris are manifestations of
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dermatophytosis
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Ninety-five percent of all skin carcinomas result from chronic overexposure to the sun
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true
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Itch mites and lice spread easily from one person to another by close physical contact
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true
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The cause of acne vulgaris is
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all of the above (but the first line of the paragraph says unknown)
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A precursor to skin cancers is
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actinic keratosis
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Warts are caused by a noninfectious fungus infection.
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false
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_____ is a chronic skin condition marked by thick, flaky, red patches of various sizes, covered with characteristic white, silvery scales.
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psoriasis
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Appearance and location of the lesions confirm the diagnosis of each of the three types of skin carcinoma.
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false
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_____ is an eruption of extremely painful vesicles that occur in a bandlike unilateral pattern along the course of a peripheral nerve.
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herpes zoster
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The following statement(s) is(are) true about scabies and pediculosis.
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They are two most common parasitic infections to infest man
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_____ is a type of inflammation of the skin that tends to occur in persons with a family history of allergic conditions.
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Atopic dermatitis (eczema)
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The most common premalignant tumors are
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actinic keratosis and nevi
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_____ is a common contagious superficial skin infection caused by either Streptococcusor Staphylococcus aureus.
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Impetigo
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A progressive degeneration and weakening of the skeletal muscles is known as
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muscular dystrophy
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An infection in a bone, which can lead to an abscess formation and sequestrum if not properly cared for, is called
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osteomyelitis
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A bone that is normally in contact with a joint but becomes separated from that joint causing loss of joint function is a
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dislocation
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A vitamin D deficiency can cause this abnormal metabolic bone disease
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osteomalacia
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_____ is a tendon injury that produces immediate, severe pain, inflammation, and immobility of the affected part.
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a severed tendon
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Chronic, progressive, inflammatory disease of bones and joints caused by degenerative changes in the cartilage is called
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osteoarthritis
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Tumors in muscles are very common
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false
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_____ is a hereditary group of conditions of the connective tissue that causes an abnormal growth of the extremities. Cardiovascular complications are common.
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marfan syndrome
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A lateral curvature of the spine is known as
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scoliosis
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A fracture is the same as a broken bone.
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true
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The following statement(s) about fibromyalgia is (are) true.
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all of the above are true
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Osteoporosis occurs more often in men by a 4:1 ratio
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false
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The skeletal system is composed of 306 bones.
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ummm false
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_____ is an injury that is the result of overuse, overstretching, or forcible stretching of a muscle beyond its functional capacity. It sometimes involves a tendon or ligament.
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strain
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A bunion is also called hallux valgus.
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true
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Cryptorchidism is
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the failure of the testicle(s) to descend into the scrotum.
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