Informative Essay on DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCH TEST FINAL (Chapters 11-17) – Flashcards
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In the United States, which of the following is the most widely recognized marker of entry into adulthood?
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Taking of the first more or less permanent full-time job
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Regarding early adult health knowledge and behavior, which of the following statements is true?
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In early adulthood, few people stop to think about how their personal lifestyles will affect their health later in their adult lives.
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Which of the following is not characteristic of physical development in early adulthood?
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Large changes in the sensory systems
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According to a 2005 survey done by the US center for disease control and prevention, what percentage of American adults ages 20 to 39 years of age are classified as obese?
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33%
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All but which of the following are risks associated with being obese?
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All the above
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Regarding alcohol and drug use, which of the following statements is true?
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By the time people reach their mid 20s, a reduction in drug use often takes place
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Which of the following conclusions made by the 1994 survey of sexual practices among Americans is false?
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Americans practice far more " kinky sex" than suggested by previous surveys.
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Regarding the development of a non-heterosexual sexual orientation, which of the following statements is true?
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Sexual orientation is determined by combination of factors
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Which of the following is not a marker of adult status for many individuals in the United States?
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Maintaining a long-term romantic relationship
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Piaget believed that adolescents and adults think _____ in the same way, but that young adults are more _____ advanced than adolescence.
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Qualitatively; quantitatively
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Which of the following is not a protective measure against getting aids
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Taking acyclovir
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______ is when one person uses his or her power over another individual in a sexual manner.
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Sexual harassment
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Which theorist suggests that adults progressed beyond adolescents in their use of intellect to become less dualistic and absolutistic and more reflective and relativistic?
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William Perry
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According to William Perry, adolescent thinking is______ an adult thinking______ is.
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Absolute; relative
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_______Is a characteristic of post formal thought.
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Knowing that the correct answer may vary from situation to situation
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Regarding working early adulthood, which of the following statements is false?
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In the United States, more than half of all lawyers, physicians, computer scientist, and chemists, today are females.
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Is an invisible barrier to career advancement that prevents women and ethnic minorities in holding managerial or executive job regardless of their accomplishments and merits
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Glass ceiling
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Emerging adulthood is a developmental period of transition which occurs from approximately 18 to 25 years of age and is characterized by:
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Experimentation and exploration
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Which of the following is not one of the key features that characterize emerging adulthood?
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Stability
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Which of the following is not one of the results of there being more dual-earner families in the United States?
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Married couples are reporting a drop in the frequency of sexual activity
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Which of the following is not one of the adult attachment styles noted in your text?
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Dependent
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Tom, a young adult, often discusses the highlights and challenges in his life with his parents; his childhood memories tend to be positive, caring, and warm. His adult attachment style would be described as:
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Secure
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What is Ericksons sixth stage of socioemotional development which describes the most important issues dealt with in early adulthood?
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Intimacy versus isolation
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Benjamin is 32 years old and despite his best efforts has never been able to establish a maintain a truly meaningful romantic relationship. His last relationship lasted about three months, and he often says it was "doomed from the start." According to Erickson, what is Benjamin struggling with?
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Isolation
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_______Love is to romantic love as_____ love is to affectionate love.
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Passionate; compassionate
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Which researcher is known for studying romantic love and suggesting that sexual desire is the most important ingredient of romantic love?
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Ellen berscheid
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According to Robert Sternberg, consummate love involves the presence of:
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Passion, intimacy, and commitment
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According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of love, which of the following is sometimes described as "ultimate love?"
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Consummate love
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Which of the following couples is most likely to have a high level of marital satisfaction?
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Louis and George, who dated for quite some time, married, and then moved in together
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Michael is 34 years old, and is in a committed romantic relationship. He and his significant other have agreed that each is "allowed" to have sex with other people outside of the relationship, as long as it does not involve any true feelings. Which of the following is most likely true about Michael?
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He is gay
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The optimal age for becoming a mother?
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There is no optimal age
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Which of John Gottman's successful marriage principles is reflected in his advice for married partners to put a positive spin on the marriage history?
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Nurturing fondness and admiration
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Regarding parenting roles, which of the following statements is true?
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For Some, the parental role is well planned and coordinated.
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Which of the following is not a potential disadvantage of being single
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Increased autonomy
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Regarding cohabitation in the United States, which of the following statements is true?
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Cohabitation arrangements tend to be short-lived, typically less than a year.
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Regarding divorce, which of the following statements is true?
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The stress of separation and divorce places people at risk for psychological and physical difficulties.
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Which of the following statements regarding gay and lesbian adult this true?
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All of these
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The changing nature of middle age can be accounted for by the fact that:
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All of these
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Regarding physical changes in middle adulthood, which of the following statements is true?
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Physical changes include changes in appearance such as wrinkles and age spots
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During middle age, an individual's height is likely to_______, and their weight is likely to_______.
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Decrease; increase
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Age-related loss of muscle mass and strength that occurs during middle adulthood is called:
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Sarcopenia
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Which of the following is the leading cause of death in middle adulthood?
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Cancer
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_____Is the term used to describe the midlife transition in which fertility declines
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Climacteric
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Regarding menopause, which of the following statements is true?
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The average age at which women have their last period Is 51
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Which of the following is a physiological cause of erectile dysfunction
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All of these
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Which researcher(s) argue(s) that crystallized intelligence increases in middle age, while fluid intelligence decreases?
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John Horn
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The ability to reason abstractly is called____ intelligence.
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Fluid
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______Involves having an extensive, highly organized knowledge and understanding of a particular domain.
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Expertise
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In middle age, individuals need_______ time to learn new information, and long-term memory becomes______ reliable.
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More; less
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Which of the following is not a challenge for the middle-aged worker in the 21st century?
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Declining work prospects in the service industries
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Why do psychologists believe leisure takes on increased importance in middle adulthood?
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All of these
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In the MacArthur study of midlife development, what percentage of US middle-age adults considered religion or spirituality a major part of their lives?
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70%
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Which of the following statements regarding religious experiences is true?
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There are significant increases in spirituality and religion during middle age
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According to Victor Frankel, which of the following is not one of the three most distinct human qualities?
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Religion
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Which of the following is Erickson stage for middle adulthood?
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Generavity versus stagnation
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Providing nurturance and guidance to children is an example of ________ Generavity
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Parental
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According to Daniel Levinson, adults experience a transition to middle adulthood from ages:
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40 to 45
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In Levinson's theory, what does BOOM stand for?
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Becoming one's own man
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Which researcher is associated with Grant study of men?
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George Vaillant
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Which of the following statements concerning a midlife crisis is false?
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Most midlife crisis are due to financial insecurities experienced by autonomous males
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The contemporary life-events approach places emphasis on all of the following except:
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The stress created by life events
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Regarding the cultural context of middle adulthood which of the following statements is false?
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In many non-industrialized societies, a woman status often declined in middle age
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Which of the following reasons is not a criticism concerning Male bias in stage theories of adult development?
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Stage theories do not account for unique life events and circumstances that an individual may experience.
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Which study demonstrated that the big five factors of personality showed considerable stability over adulthood?
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Coasta and Mccrays Baltimore study
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_____Is not one of the big five factors of personality
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Psychoticism
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Which of the following findings would be supported by the cumulative personality model of development?
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After years of experimenting with different social groups, Helen now selectively chooses activities and environments that complement her outgoing personality
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Which of the following is not an important relationship component for middle-age couples?
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Physical attraction
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Of married adults at midlife, the majority say their marriages are:
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Excellent are very good
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Regarding empty nest syndrome, which of the following statements is true?
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Parents were heavily invested in their children may suffer from a decline in marital satisfaction after children have left home
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Regarding siblings relationships, which of the following statements is true?
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Adult siblings who are close tended to be close in childhood
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Regarding inter generational relationships, which of the following statements is false
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The majority of middle-age adults experience the effects of being the "sandwich" generation
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Which of the following is an example of a Boomerang kid?
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A young adult who returns to live with his parents after finishing college and getting a full-time job
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Which of the following is not one of the considerations your author says should be decided upon before and adult child returns home to live with his/her parents?
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How long the child will live in the home
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Which of the following areas is an adult child least likely to be similar to his or her parents
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Work orientation
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Refers to the number of years a person is likely to live when he or she is born
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Life expectancy
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The average life expectancy for a person born today in the United States is_____ years
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78
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Individuals who are over 100 years old are called
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Centenarians
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The free-radical theory of aging suggest that:
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People age because inside their cells normal metabolism produces unstable oxygen molecules that ricochet around the cells damaging the DNA and other cellular structures
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Which of the following is a common physical change in late adulthood
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Height loss
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When bone tissue loss become severe, an older adult has developed:
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Osteoporosis
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Which of the following statements regarding exercise, nutrition, and weight in late adulthood is true?
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Maintaining healthy lifestyles, including exercise, proper diet, and weight control is associated with greater longevity
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What percentage of US adults 65 years of age and over reside in a nursing home?
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3%
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Alternatives to nursing homes include all the following except:
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Gerontologists
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Which of the following statements regarding the nature of cognitive change in adulthood is true?
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Some dimensions of cognition decline, while others remain stable or improve
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Which of the following dimensions tends not to decrease in late adulthood?
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Sustained attention
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Another name for implicit memory is____memory
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Unconscious memory
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_________Memory is the retention of information about the where and when of life's happenings
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Episodic
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Another name for implicit memory is _____ memory
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Unconscious
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Which of the following is not a non-cognitive factor influencing older adult performance on memory tasks?
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Beliefs
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K.Warner schaies's research focuses on the important links between___________ and the cognitive functioning of older adults.
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Training
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Which of the following is a true statement regarding work and late adulthood?
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Some individuals continue a life of strong work productivity throughout late adulthood.
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Compared with younger workers, older workers are more likely to:
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Experience age-related negative stereotypes
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Is a mood disorder in which the individual is deeply unhappy, demoralized, and often bored
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Major depression
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__________Is a global term for any neurological disorder in which the primary symptoms involve a deterioration of mental functioning
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Dementia
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Early-onset Alzheimer's disease accounts for ______% of cases
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10
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Ericksons theory,_____ describes the period of development for humans in late adulthood
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Integrity versus despair
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One of the main points of Ericksons theory is that:
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Resolution of conflict in some earlier lifestages can provide a foundation for many facets of integrity and wisdom in old age
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Which of the following is an example of Ericksons view of integrity
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Emily age 72 thinks she made a valuable contribution to numerous lives in her career as a nurse
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________Involves looking at ones experiences, evaluating them, interpreting them, and sometimes reinterpreting them
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Life review
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Who suggested that life review is set in motion by looking forward to death?
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Robert Butler
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Which of the following statements regarding life review is true?
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Life review may cause individuals to reevaluate previous experiences and their meaning
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The______ theory of social development in late adulthood suggest that older adults become more discriminating about their social networks
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Socioemotional selectivity
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According to socioemotional selectivity theory, during late adulthood, emotion-related goals_______ , And knowledge-related goals_____.
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Increase; decrease
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Which of pianist Arthur Rubinstein's behaviors provides an example of optimization in old age?
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Rubinstein spent more time practicing than he did earlier in his life
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According to Baltes,_____ involves reducing performance in some domains in order to focus on optimal performance and other domains
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Selection
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Prejudice against older adults is called
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Ageism
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Which of the following is not a concern with eldercare?
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The concern over the use of Medicare and Medicaid to cover the costs associated with eldercare
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Which of the following statements regarding technology use by older adults is false?
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Older adults are more likely than young adults to critically examine the accuracy of information on the Internet
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What percentage of adults over 65 years of age are married?
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56%
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In older adults, social support and integration are related to:
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Improved physical and mental health, as well as greater Longevity
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Older adults are afforded higher positions in society in all cases except when they
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Rely on community resources for basic needs
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___________Involving discussion of past activities and experiences with another individual or group, may improve the mood of older adults
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Reminiscence therapy
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Which of the following statements concerning cohabitation and older adults is false?
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Cohabitating older adults are more likely to have plans to marry their partners than younger ones
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A(n)_____ States that life-sustaining procedures not be used to prolong an individual's life when death is imminent
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Advanced directive
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Dr. Jack kevorkian's activities are associated with:
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Assisted suicide, a form of active euthanasia
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A______ has the goal of making the end of life free from pain, anxiety, and depression, and a______ has the goal of curing illness and prolonging life
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Hospice; hospital
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What percentage of all deaths in the United States occur in institutions or hospitals?
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80%
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________Euthanasia occurs when a person is allowed to die I was holding available treatment, while______ euthanasia occurs when death is deliberately induced
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Passive; active
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Active euthanasia is legal in________ State(s) in the United States?
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1
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What is the typical sequence of emotions in Kuebler-Rosses stages of dying
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Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
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During which of kuebler-Rosses five stages of dying is it suggested that the person might become silent, refuse visitors, and spend a great deal of time crying and grieving?
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Depression
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Which of the following is not a recommended strategy for communicating with a dying person?
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Make small talk to keep their mind off their situation
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After a loved one dies, it is common for the grieving person to focus on places and things associated with the left one. Which dimension of grief does this behavior describe?
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Separation anxiety
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______ Grief is a type of grief that involves enduring despair that is still unresolved over an extended period of time
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Prolonged
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Deaths that are sudden, untimely, violent, or traumatic are likely to have______ effects on surviving individuals
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More intense
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Which of the following is a normal grief reaction?
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All of these
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After being diagnosed with an untreatable terminal form of cancer, Peggy shouted "this isn't fair! I've always exercised and eat right! Why me?" What stage of dying is Peggy likely experiencing?
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Anger
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Which of the following is not a criticism of Kugler-Rosses stages of dying?
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It does not recognize the extent of gender differences in how men and women deal with their emotions
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Palliative care focuses on:
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Reducing pain and suffering, so that individuals can die with dignity
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What portion of corpses in the United States are cremated rather than buried?
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33%
