Developmental Psych - Test 3 - Flashcards

question

Most emerging adults think that _____ is the purpose of sex.

answer

relationship

question

Dr. Richardson asks her class which age group is most in favor of same-sex marriage. A student raises his hand and correctly identifies _____ as being most in favor of it.

answer

emerging adults

question

Four-year-old Davis believes that God gave his little brother to his mother because she stayed overnight at the hospital. Davis is at the _____ stage of religious faith.

answer

intuitive-projective

question

In the United States and worldwide, women above age 30 are having _____ children than they did twenty years earlier, and emerging adults are having _____ children than they did then.

answer

more; fewer

question

Historically, peak newborn survival occurred when mothers were _____ years old at the time of birth.

answer

18 to 25

question

What is rated as most important for successful marriage by Western emerging adults?

answer

faithfulness

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Using a drug in a quantity or a manner that harms physical, cognitive, or psychosocial well-being is called drug _____.

answer

abuse

question

When college students are asked to solve a puzzle problem independently, only about 10% solve it correctly. Then, when students who did not solve the problem were allowed to discuss the problem together, 75% got it right. This illustrates the participants' _____.

answer

cognitive flexibility

question

A situation in a romantic relationship wherein one partner wants to address an issue and the other refuses, resulting in opposite reactions, is referred to as _____.

answer

demand/withdraw interaction

question

The process of aging by which the body becomes less strong and efficient is referred to as _____.

answer

senescence

question

Recently, which age group has the highest rate of unemployment?

answer

emerging adults

question

On average, well-being increases in emerging adulthood, as does the incidence of _____.

answer

psychopathology

question

What would be an example of the influence of social norms?

answer

a 22-year-old going to the gym after class

question

Diagnosis of _____ is most common from ages 18 to 24, with men more likely to develop the disorder than women.

answer

schizophrenia

question

Marriages evolve, sometimes getting better, sometimes getting worse. A factor that may lead to marital dissatisfaction is _____.

answer

financial instability

question

Sunny watched a video of her professor giving a lecture about genes and environment the night before class. When she got to class the next day, her professor facilitated a discussion about the role of nature and nurture with respect to development. Sunny was experiencing _____.

answer

a flipped class

question

Approximately what percentage of 18- to 25-year-olds in the United States and Canada are of African, Latino, Asian, or Native American (or, in Canada, First Nations) descent?

answer

50

question

Research has found that cohabitation prior to marriage _____.

answer

increases the likelihood of divorce

question

Friends _____ mental health and _____ physical health.

answer

strengthen; strengthen

question

A student believes that divorce is right if the marriage partners are no longer in love, even if the couple has children together. The student is reasoning from a morality of _____ orientation.

answer

justice

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The Western ideal is _____ love.

answer

consummate

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Juan is a first-year college student. He has about a _____ percent chance of earning a bachelor's degree.

answer

20

question

According to the text, the relatively low rate of interethnic marriages is attributable to _____.

answer

the formation of romantic relationships of similar backgrounds

question

Leg muscles _____ throughout adulthood.

answer

retain their adolescent strength

question

Hugo is a recent college graduate. He is more likely to do all of the following EXCEPT _____.

answer

smoke more

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Robert is just leaving his 11:00 a.m. college class and he is extremely hungry. He heads over to the cafeteria and orders a meal. After eating for about 10 minutes Robert is feeling full and decides not to finish the entire meal. Robert's behavior is likely under the influence of his _____.

answer

set point

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For most people, social networking has _____ social isolation in emerging adulthood.

answer

decreased

question

In what proportion of families around the world does arranged marriage occur?

answer

one-third

question

Xavier is a male in the developmental stage of emerging adulthood. He can expect to notice all of the following physical changes EXCEPT for increased _____.

answer

body fat

question

"Hooking up" involves a sexual encounter _____.

answer

without a romantic relationship

question

What domestic abuse behavior are women consistently more likely to experience than men?

answer

strangling

question

Kevin is a high school junior who has wanted to attend college since he was in elementary school. According to recent research, what will most significantly influence whether Kevin will attend college, and if he does, whether he graduates?

answer

family income

question

When heterosexual couples are romantically committed to each other they tend to have _____ cross-sex friendships.

answer

fewer

question

Research indicates that the process of moral thinking _____.

answer

improves with age

question

Chanel has recently finished high school and is now attending college. After earning her undergraduate degree she plans to continue on to graduate school. In addition, Chanel is not seriously dating anyone and thinks marriage and parenthood are years away. Chanel is at which developmental stage?

answer

emerging adulthood

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About _____ of emerging adults believe that premarital sex and non-marital childbirth are morally wrong.

answer

one-fourth

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Delilah is currently a 22-year-old college student. Like most of her peers she believes that premarital sex is _____.

answer

acceptable

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The psychometric approach to studying cognitive development analyzes intelligence using _____.

answer

IQ tests and other measures

question

During emerging adulthood, all body systems _____.

answer

function optimally

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In general, DIT scores that assess moral thinking _____.

answer

rise with age

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According to Erikson, the stage of intimacy versus isolation _____.

answer

reflects the desire to share one's life with someone else

question

Jackson is experiencing stereotype threat. Research indicates its effects can be reduced by _____.

answer

convincing Jackson that his achievement depends on hard work

question

Personality is plastic, but a person's personality will be affected lifelong by _____.

answer

childhood experiences

question

On his own time, Ron looked over his course syllabi for the term and realized that, in three weeks, he had three assignments due on one day. Ron decided he would do one assignment per week for the next three weeks so that he would have them all done by their due dates. Ron is demonstrating _____ thinking.

answer

postformal

question

Rachel dreaded going to her college psychology class with Dr. Marco. Professor Marco lectured for the entire 50 minutes about research findings and she did not always understand the information. One day, Professor Marco included personal stories in his lecture to illustrate the research concepts. Rachel found that she was better able to understand the material and think critically about it. She learned more when Dr. Marco used ____ in class.

answer

a combination of analysis and emotion

question

Jordan is a freshman in college and is at the very beginning of Perry's scheme of cognitive development. He believes that _____.

answer

authorities know what is right

question

All of the following impact commitment in a romantic relationship EXCEPT _____.

answer

common backgrounds

question

According to Fowler's religious stages, faith, like other aspects of cognition, progresses from a(n) _____ view of life to a(n) _____ view.

answer

simple, self-centered, one-sided; complex, unselfish

question

When 18-year-old high school graduates of similar backgrounds and abilities are compared, those who begin jobs rather than going to college after graduation are more likely to eventually _____ than those who earned a college degree.

answer

achieve less and be less satisfied by middle age

question

Which task would be easier for a 21-year-old than a 51-year-old?

answer

walk up 4 flights of stairs

question

Joya is a 21-year-old college student. Statistically, she is MOST likely to _____.

answer

binge drink

question

Young adults rarely experience serious illness because which three systems of body functioning tend to work in harmony?

answer

organ reserve, homeostasis, allostasis

question

During emerging adulthood, self-esteem and happiness _____ for most people.

answer

increase

question

Happiness among those who cohabit is associated with national _____.

answer

acceptance of cohabitation

question

Dr. Anderson is studying the frequency of cross-sex friendships. Dr. Anderson has found that cross-sex friendships are _____.

answer

common

question

A violent and demeaning form of abuse in a romantic relationship, in which the victim is frightened to fight back, seek help, or withdraw, is referred to as _____.

answer

intimate terrorism

question

Compared to individuals without a college education, those with a college education tend to be _____.

answer

healthier and wealthier

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With regard to modern contraception, _____ has a failure rate of about 1 in 400 women.

answer

Depo-Provera

question

After Brenda finished college, began working in her chosen field, and started a family, her thinking became _____.

answer

more practical

question

Which BEST describes the data on interethnic marriage in the United States?

answer

The official data underestimate the rate of such marriages

question

If Sean is like a typical college student he would indicate that he is in college primarily for all of the following reasons EXCEPT _____.

answer

to gain a general education

question

Sara is a successful, conscientious college student with good time management skills. According to the text, Sara is likely to be attending college _____.

answer

part-time

question

The term massification means that _____.

answer

college could benefit everyone

question

A research study of people aged 13 to 45 found that logical skills improved from _____ to _____, then stayed steady, but social understanding continued to advance.

answer

adolescence; emerging adulthood

question

Although Leah has a closet full of clothes and shoes she is shopping for a new outfit to wear on Saturday night. Leah wants to look good and she thinks a new outfit will help her accomplish this goal. Statistically, Leah is most likely to be what age?

answer

23 years old

question

All members of a family have _____, as the experiences and needs of individuals at one stage of life are affected by all those at other stages.

answer

linked lives

question

Most girls reach their maximum height around age _____.

answer

16

question

For most Western emerging adults, what is considered the primary prerequisite for marriage?

answer

love

question

If Dean is like about half of his peers attending four-year-colleges, he will pay more than _____ per year in tuition at his four-year college.

answer

$30,000

question

Generally, when is physical touch most likely to occur between two male friends?

answer

when their favorite team wins a football game

question

Dimitri, age 24, is studying to take the exam in order to become a certified public accountant. According to John Holland's six categories of people, Dimitri is MOST likely in the _____ category.

answer

conventional

question

A common logical error of emerging adults is delay discounting, the tendency to _____.

answer

undervalue events in the future

question

Forms of recreation that include apparent risk of injury or death and that are attractive and thrilling as a result are referred to as _____ sports.

answer

extreme

question

Janel is a 19-year-old who has developed a fear of interacting with people. She is most likely experiencing _____.

answer

social phobia

question

A vector is _____.

answer

a person who spreads a disease

question

Genevieve is about to complete her bachelor's degree. If she is typical, once she is established in her career she will earn approximately _____ more per year than a peer without a college degree.

answer

$15,000

question

Talal is 23 years old and works in an entry-level sales position at a local company. If he is typical, in the next few years, he will _____.

answer

change jobs, perhaps several times

question

An arrangement in which a couple lives together in a committed romantic relationship but are not formally married is referred to as _____.

answer

cohabitation

question

A popular term for parents who hover over their emerging adults, ready to swoop down if any problem arises, is _____ parents.

answer

helicopter

question

Which statement made by a teacher is MOST likely to activate stereotype threat?

answer

"This exam will show which gender has better grammatical skills."

question

Bart is 21 years old and is not sure what kind of work he would like to do after college. Like many Americans his age, Bart has not yet developed a _____ identity.

answer

vocational

question

A woman from _____ is most likely to choose the birth control bill for contraception.

answer

France

question

All smoking diseases are _____.

answer

dose and duration sensitive

question

Lena began a plan to quit smoking shortly before losing her job. However, in the midst of the financial and personal turmoil of her job loss, she abandoned her efforts and bought more cigarettes. This is an example of _____.

answer

attention myopia

question

Which statement about gastric bypass surgery in obese adults is FALSE?

answer

Such surgery decreases the need for life-changing habits

question

At what age is an individual likely to experience the slowest sexual arousal?

answer

60 years old

question

From a purely biological perspective, women should try to conceive before age _____ and men before age _____.

answer

25; 30

question

Infertility is often defined as being unable to conceive after _____ months of trying to get pregnant.

answer

12

question

In an aging brain _____.

answer

reaction time lengthens

question

Alice has diabetes, but tells everyone that she feels healthy and energetic. How Alice feels would be associated with a high score on a measure of _____.

answer

vitality

question

Disability does not necessarily equal morbidity. In the United States, of the adults who are disabled, only _____ percent consider their health fair or poor.

answer

30

question

Which individual is most at risk for significant brain loss by age 65?

answer

Hank, who drinks five beers per day

question

Middle-aged Robert and his adolescent son are sitting at the table reading the newspaper. Robert is holding his section of the newspaper rather far from his eyes. His son asks, "Dad, why are you holding the paper so far away? If I held it that far away I could not read anything!" Robert replies, "I think it is because I am developing _____."

answer

farsightedness

question

Which of the following pregnant women is most likely to experience birth complications?

answer

Vera, age 44

question

In middle adulthood, a person is MOST apt to lose _____.

answer

nearly an inch in height

question

The diseases and chronic conditions associated with aging _____.

answer

may be strongly affected by individuals' routines and habits

question

Which individual is least likely to smoke during adulthood?

answer

Julian, from Canada

question

Compared to men the same age, adult women have _____ rates of mortality and _____ rates of morbidity for almost every chronic disease.

answer

lower; higher

question

Which psychoactive substance is a 30-year-old most likely to use?

answer

marijuana

question

Currently in the United States, _____ of adults are overweight.

answer

two-thirds

question

Severe brain loss that occurs before late adulthood could be caused by any of these factors EXCEPT _____.

answer

senescence

question

George is 65 years old and is experiencing some symptoms of age-related hearing loss. If he is typical for his age, which sound would be the LEAST audible for him?

answer

the voice of a small child

question

Statistically, which female has the MOST acute hearing?

answer

Kara Lyn, who is 10 years old

question

Adulthood covers the four decades of life between ages _____ and _____.

answer

25; 65

question

Regular exercise helps adults in all these ways EXCEPT _____.

answer

eliminating the impact of tobacco use

question

A study of women in the United States aged 40 and older found that _____.

answer

sexual activity decreased each decade but satisfaction did not

question

Research studies on alcohol use have shown that _____.

answer

moderate use of alcohol may increase longevity

question

Approximately 12 percent of U.S. couples are _____.

answer

infertile

question

Patricia is in her early 60s and can pick flowers for hours, but can only lift the heavy rocks in her garden for a few minutes. Her inability to lift the rocks for longer is due to a reduction in _____.

answer

type II muscle fibers

question

_____ usually refers to the number of deaths each year per 100,000 members of a given population.

answer

Mortality

question

At a recent doctor's visit, Ted's doctor informed him that he is at an age when he is likely to experience lower testosterone levels. Ted was informed that, due to lower testosterone levels, he could experience a reduction in all of the following EXCEPT _____.

answer

hair loss

question

The first visible signs of senescence are usually observed in a person's _____.

answer

skin

question

Worldwide, women live _____ years longer than men, but there is variation from place to place.

answer

4

question

Research has found that between the ages of 20 and 60 _____.

answer

metabolism slows down by about a third

question

Iris has arthritis in her hands, which limits her ability to cook meals and fold laundry. Iris's physical limitations are associated with _____.

answer

disability

question

In the United States, which individual's insurance is most likely to cover the cost of assisted reproductive technology?

answer

Aimee, who has federal military medical insurance

question

Which statement is true for people of both genders as they age with respect to the sexual-reproduction system?

answer

Reproduction becomes less likely.

question

What percentage of adults in the United States and England get at least 30 minutes per day of exercise?

answer

less than 5

question

The term andropause, or "male menopause," is sometimes used to refer to _____.

answer

the age-related reduction in testosterone

question

What global trend is evident with regard to alcohol?

answer

Low-income nations have more abstainers and abusers than affluent nations.

question

What is the term for the phenomenon that happens when a person's resolve to break a habit fades when faced with stress?

answer

attention myopia

question

A drop in sex hormones in a woman's bloodstream along with cessation of ovulation and menstruation signals _____.

answer

menopause

question

Research has found that screening for prostate cancer has led to overdiagnosis, negative biopsies, and surgery to remove prostate cancer that would not have spread, which has resulted in _____ morbidity.

answer

increased

question

The measure of health MOST indicative of the quality of one's daily life is _____.

answer

vitality

question

After hearing test results from her doctor, Janice realized her weight was really impacting her health. With respect to the process of changing a habit, what step is Janice at?

answer

awareness

question

An analysis of DALYs in 21 regions found that _____ is the most common cause of disability.

answer

heart disease

question

Malek is 45 years old. Research indicates that it will take him approximately _____ times as many months to impregnate a woman than it would have when he was 20 years younger.

answer

five

question

A group of friends, all about 60 years of age, are playing cards. What characteristic of senescence do they MOST likely have in common?

answer

Their faces have wrinkles.

question

Which individual is most likely to live the longest with the least amount of disability?

answer

Juanita, who has a law degree

question

Which physical change does NOT typically occur in middle adulthood?

answer

The space between the spinal disks widens.

question

About _____ percent of the lung cancer deaths worldwide, and _____ percent in industrialized nations, are caused by cigarettes.

answer

70; 90

question

Marie is 50 years old. Which activity is likely most difficult for her to do?

answer

dance a waltz

question

Most adults are not aware of senescence until about age 60 or so due to _____.

answer

homeostasis

question

The average age of menopause is about _____ years.

answer

51

question

In controlled longitudinal studies, the U.S. Women's Health Initiative found that taking estrogen and progesterone _____ the risk of heart disease, stroke, and breast cancer.

answer

increased

question

What experience is least likely to be associated with hearing loss?

answer

watching television

question

Janice, who is 55 years old, needed to get three projects done by the end of the week at work. When she was younger she would have worked on all three projects more or less at the same time. Now that she is older, however, Janice needs to work on one project at a time. Janice's current inability to multitask is due to changes in her _____.

answer

brain

question

Bob has just been diagnosed with diabetes. His diagnosis will contribute to the _____ rate.

answer

morbidity

question

What is one crucial factor for success at the "implementation" stage of breaking a habit?

answer

social support

question

Jim, who is 60, couldn't understand why he kept slowly gaining weight. He was eating the same amount of food that he had each day since he was 20 and he got regular exercise. What could explain his weight gain?

answer

His metabolism had slowed down.

question

Which statement does NOT describe the effect of SES on a person's life span?

answer

The impact of SES on life span is decreasing in the U.S.

question

During the past 50 years, advances in medicine have solved about half of all _____.

answer

fertility problems

question

The group of people that moves through life with an individual while providing both protection and encouragement is called a _____.

answer

social convoy

question

The term g refers to _____ intelligence.

answer

general

question

Intelligence that reflects accumulated learning is referred to as _____.

answer

crystallized intelligence

question

Baltes and Baltes found that adults use their intellectual strengths to offset their age-related declining abilities through the process of _____.

answer

selective optimization with compensation

question

Practical intelligence, one form of Sternberg's intelligences, would be needed to _____.

answer

understand the needs of family members

question

Emily is her family's kinkeeper. This means that she assumes responsibility for _____.

answer

gathering the family for holidays and disseminating information

question

The research design that involves testing groups of subjects of different ages multiple times and comparing their scores with their own scores in previous periods in addition to the scores of new groups of adults of the same ages is called _____.

answer

cross-sequential research

question

The theorist who proposed the idea that individuals continue to develop into adulthood was _____.

answer

Erikson

question

Schaie's cross-sequential research on intellectual development demonstrated that _____.

answer

individuals improve in most mental abilities during adulthood

question

A college student who does well on multiple-choice and essay exams likely is high in _____.

answer

analytic intelligence

question

According to Sternberg, intelligence used in everyday problem solving is considered to be _____.

answer

practical intelligence

question

Fluid intelligence includes _____.

answer

the speed of processing mathematical information

question

Adults choose their _____ by selecting neighborhoods, mates, hobbies, and careers at least in part based on their personality traits.

answer

ecological niche

question

Which is the BEST example of an adult using selective optimization with compensation?

answer

Bettie, who uses sticky note reminders in her home, office, and car

question

Cynthia has just experienced a hassle, which could influence her cognitive functioning. She has MOST likely just experienced _____.

answer

a traffic jam

Developmental Psych – Test 3 – Flashcards

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