developmental phyc ch 9 – Flashcards
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An implied comparison between two ideas that is conveyed by the abstract meaning contained in the words used to make the comparison is a:
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metaphor.
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Chomsky's Language Acquisition Device suggests that:
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humans are biologically prewired to learn language at a certain time in a certain way.
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Berko's study demonstrated children's understanding of morphological rules. Because the words in the study were fictional, it is impressive to note that the children in the study:
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had abstracted the rules from language they had heard and applied them to novel situations.
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Words have semantic restrictions on how they can be used in sentences because:
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every word has required attributes related to meaning.
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A rapid increase in an infant's vocabulary that usually takes place between 18 and 24 months is known as:
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vocabulary spurt.
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In a baby's first year of life, what language development stage comes after crying?
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cooing
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Which statement describes the sentence: "The pencil sang a lovely tune"?
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syntactically correct but semantically incorrect
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Morphology refers to:
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the units of meaning involved in word formation.
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According to Hart and Risley, which group of parents talked less to their young children, talked less about past events, and provided less elaboration?
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welfare parents
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Why is it difficult for infants to detect word boundaries?
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Adults don't pause between words when they speak.
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The ability to produce an endless number of meaningful sentences with a finite set of words and rules is:
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infinite generativity.
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Knowing that letters represent sounds in language refers to:
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the alphabetic principle.
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Preschool children learn and apply syntax rules. "When we are going outside?" is an example of difficulty with mastering:
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auxiliary-inversion rule.
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In which of the following countries would the rates of dyslexia be expected to be highest?
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United States
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Which of the following statements regarding syntax is NOT true?
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An understanding of English syntax is easily applicable to other languages.
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Which of the following is an example of the dual-language approach in a U.S. school?
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Maria's first language is Spanish. She has a teacher who speaks Spanish during some of her classes until Maria can learn more English.
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The fact that changes in word order can change the meaning of a sentence is an example of:
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syntax.
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Which of the following would have the LEAST positive influence on a young child's vocabulary development?
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mother's talkativeness
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Which of the following statements is NOT true about an infant's use of gestures?
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Frequent use of gestures indicates a future language delay.
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Language development during the adult years varies greatly among individuals depending on:
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level of education and social and occupational roles.
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Baron provided suggestions to parents to facilitate language development in toddlers. Which of the following is NOT one of her suggestions?
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Avoid the use of humor during conversation.
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Increased sophistication in word use (metaphors, satire, dialect, etc.) is characteristic of language development during:
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adolescence.
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Research on the ability of infants to understand words indicates that infants:
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understand words well before they can produce them.
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An interactionist view of language emphasizes that:
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both biology and experience contribute to language development.
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The use of correct rules for conversation is part of the definition of:
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pragmatics.
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According to Berninger, children who enter elementary school with a small vocabulary are at risk for developing:
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reading problems.
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Language development is not a simple matter of imitation and reinforcement. Therefore, what should be avoided?
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drill and practice
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Research comparing the approaches of whole-language and phonics has shown that:
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the phonics approach should be used in teaching children to read but students also benefit from whole-language instruction.
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As children move beyond two-word utterances, they begin using plural and possessive nouns, appropriate verb endings, prepositions, articles, and various forms of the verb "to be." This is evidence that the children:
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know morphological rules.
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A pragmatic characteristic of a 4-year-old is that they:
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change their speech style to accommodate the listener.
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A soldier suffers brain damage from an injury and is no longer able to speak. He is most likely suffering from:
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aphasia.
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Language is a form of communication-spoken, written, or signed-that is based on a system of:
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symbols.
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The LAD refers to:
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anguage acquisition device
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Brocca's and Wernicke's areas are predisposed for language functioning and are located in which part of the brain?
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left hemisphere
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Behaviorists believe that language is:
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a complex learned skill, much like dancing or playing the piano.
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The basic unit of sound in a language is a:
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phoneme.
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Vocabulary continues to increase until:
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late adulthood.
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All of the following are precursors of literacy and academic success EXCEPT:
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pragmatic skill.
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Telegraphic speech is characterized by:
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short, precise words without grammatical markers.
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Which of the following is NOT a reason that adolescents tend to be better writers than younger children?
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The exposure to other languages gives them a better understanding of syntax.
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Research about the ability of infants to distinguish human speech sounds indicates that:
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infants gradually come to distinguish best the speech sounds of the language spoken around them.
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Which language approach stresses that reading instruction should parallel a child's natural language learning?
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whole-language
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Children's ability to make an initial connection between a word and its referent after only a limited exposure to the word is called:
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fast mapping.
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Metalinguistic awareness improves considerably in the elementary school years and allows children to:
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all of these
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When is the easiest time to learn a second language?
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variable across different language systems
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Which of the following is true of writing in the early elementary years?
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all of these
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Which of the following statements about morphemes is TRUE?
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all of these
