Question 1

An implied comparison between two ideas that is conveyed by the abstract meaning contained in the words used to make the comparison is a:

Accepted Answer

metaphor.

Question 2

Chomsky\'s Language Acquisition Device suggests that:

Accepted Answer

humans are biologically prewired to learn language at a certain time in a certain way.

Question 3

Berko\'s study demonstrated children\'s understanding of morphological rules. Because the words in the study were fictional, it is impressive to note that the children in the study:

Accepted Answer

had abstracted the rules from language they had heard and applied them to novel situations.

Question 4

Words have semantic restrictions on how they can be used in sentences because:

Accepted Answer

every word has required attributes related to meaning.

Question 5

A rapid increase in an infant\'s vocabulary that usually takes place between 18 and 24 months is known as:

Accepted Answer

vocabulary spurt.

Question 6

In a baby\'s first year of life, what language development stage comes after crying?

Accepted Answer

cooing

Question 7

Which statement describes the sentence: \"The pencil sang a lovely tune\"?

Accepted Answer

syntactically correct but semantically incorrect

Question 8

Morphology refers to:

Accepted Answer

the units of meaning involved in word formation.

Question 9

According to Hart and Risley, which group of parents talked less to their young children, talked less about past events, and provided less elaboration?

Accepted Answer

welfare parents

Question 10

Why is it difficult for infants to detect word boundaries?

Accepted Answer

Adults don\'t pause between words when they speak.

Question 11

The ability to produce an endless number of meaningful sentences with a finite set of words and rules is:

Accepted Answer

infinite generativity.

Question 12

Knowing that letters represent sounds in language refers to:

Accepted Answer

the alphabetic principle.

Question 13

Preschool children learn and apply syntax rules. \"When we are going outside?\" is an example of difficulty with mastering:

Accepted Answer

auxiliary-inversion rule.

Question 14

In which of the following countries would the rates of dyslexia be expected to be highest?

Accepted Answer

United States

Question 15

Which of the following statements regarding syntax is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

An understanding of English syntax is easily applicable to other languages.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of the dual-language approach in a U.S. school?

Accepted Answer

Maria\'s first language is Spanish. She has a teacher who speaks Spanish during some of her classes until Maria can learn more English.

Question 17

The fact that changes in word order can change the meaning of a sentence is an example of:

Accepted Answer

syntax.

Question 18

Which of the following would have the LEAST positive influence on a young child\'s vocabulary development?

Accepted Answer

mother\'s talkativeness

Question 19

Which of the following statements is NOT true about an infant\'s use of gestures?

Accepted Answer

Frequent use of gestures indicates a future language delay.

Question 20

Language development during the adult years varies greatly among individuals depending on:

Accepted Answer

level of education and social and occupational roles.

Question 21

Baron provided suggestions to parents to facilitate language development in toddlers. Which of the following is NOT one of her suggestions?

Accepted Answer

Avoid the use of humor during conversation.

Question 22

Increased sophistication in word use (metaphors, satire, dialect, etc.) is characteristic of language development during:

Accepted Answer

adolescence.

Question 23

Research on the ability of infants to understand words indicates that infants:

Accepted Answer

understand words well before they can produce them.

Question 24

An interactionist view of language emphasizes that:

Accepted Answer

both biology and experience contribute to language development.

Question 25

The use of correct rules for conversation is part of the definition of:

Accepted Answer

pragmatics.

Question 26

According to Berninger, children who enter elementary school with a small vocabulary are at risk for developing:

Accepted Answer

reading problems.

Question 27

Language development is not a simple matter of imitation and reinforcement. Therefore, what should be avoided?

Accepted Answer

drill and practice

Question 28

Research comparing the approaches of whole-language and phonics has shown that:

Accepted Answer

the phonics approach should be used in teaching children to read but students also benefit from whole-language instruction.

Question 29

As children move beyond two-word utterances, they begin using plural and possessive nouns, appropriate verb endings, prepositions, articles, and various forms of the verb \"to be.\" This is evidence that the children:

Accepted Answer

know morphological rules.

Question 30

A pragmatic characteristic of a 4-year-old is that they:

Accepted Answer

change their speech style to accommodate the listener.

Question 31

A soldier suffers brain damage from an injury and is no longer able to speak. He is most likely suffering from:

Accepted Answer

aphasia.

Question 32

Language is a form of communication-spoken, written, or signed-that is based on a system of:

Accepted Answer

symbols.

Question 33

The LAD refers to:

Accepted Answer

anguage acquisition device

Question 34

Brocca\'s and Wernicke\'s areas are predisposed for language functioning and are located in which part of the brain?

Accepted Answer

left hemisphere

Question 35

Behaviorists believe that language is:

Accepted Answer

a complex learned skill, much like dancing or playing the piano.

Question 36

The basic unit of sound in a language is a:

Accepted Answer

phoneme.

Question 37

Vocabulary continues to increase until:

Accepted Answer

late adulthood.

Question 38

All of the following are precursors of literacy and academic success EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

pragmatic skill.

Question 39

Telegraphic speech is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

short, precise words without grammatical markers.

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT a reason that adolescents tend to be better writers than younger children?

Accepted Answer

The exposure to other languages gives them a better understanding of syntax.

Question 41

Research about the ability of infants to distinguish human speech sounds indicates that:

Accepted Answer

infants gradually come to distinguish best the speech sounds of the language spoken around them.

Question 42

Which language approach stresses that reading instruction should parallel a child\'s natural language learning?

Accepted Answer

whole-language

Question 43

Children\'s ability to make an initial connection between a word and its referent after only a limited exposure to the word is called:

Accepted Answer

fast mapping.

Question 44

Metalinguistic awareness improves considerably in the elementary school years and allows children to:

Accepted Answer

all of these

Question 45

When is the easiest time to learn a second language?

Accepted Answer

variable across different language systems

Question 46

Which of the following is true of writing in the early elementary years?

Accepted Answer

all of these

Question 47

Which of the following statements about morphemes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

all of these

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