develop psych ch 5 – Flashcards
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According to the text, which of the following has been found to make pools safer for young children?
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fences surrounding the pool
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Laws limiting the number of baby aspirins per container are an example of ___________ prevention.
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primary
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A primary-prevention measure to reduce child abuse would be to
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secure financial stability
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Most people
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use both sides of the brain for all cognitive functions
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The _________ allows communication between the two hemispheres of the brain.
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corpus callosum
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The part of the limbic system that produces hormones is the:
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hypothalamus
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Which Piagetian term literally means "self-centered"?
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egocentrism
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Four-year-old Kanaan's mother makes him a ham and cheese sandwich for lunch. Kanaan refuses to eat the sandwich, stating that he does "not like cheese." When Kanaan's mother removes the cheese from the sandwich, he still refuses to eat and again states that he does "not like cheese." This is an example of:
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irreversibility.
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A study of questions that Mexican-American children asked found that:
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most questions were about human behavior, such as "Why do people kiss?"
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The process by which children develop an interconnected set of categories for words is called:
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fast-mapping.
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A young child who states that "butter is made by butterflies" and "birds grow birdseed" is trying to use:
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logic.
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The tendency of a young child to apply rules of grammar when he or she should not is:
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overregularization.
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Child-centered programs recognize that children learn through play with other children. This is most consistent with the views of:
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Vygotsky.
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Teacher-directed programs emphasize:
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preparation for school.
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A key finding from research on early-childhood education programs is:
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quality matters most.
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By age six, the average child in a developed nation weighs between _______ pounds and is at least ______ inches tall.
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40 and 50; 42
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A typical six-year-old:
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All of these answers are correct.
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An example of a fine motor skill is:
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drawing
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Which of the following most directly contributes to improved motor coordination in early childhood?
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myelination of the corpus callosum
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Which of the following is controlled by the left half of the brain?
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logical reasoning
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The ___________ produces hormones that activate other parts of the brain and body.
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hypothalamus
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The second of Piaget's four stages of cognition is:
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preoperational intelligence.
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As water is poured from a tall, thin container into a short, fat one, the preoperational child is likely to say that there is now less water. This tendency to focus only on one aspect of a situation is what Piaget referred to as:
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centration
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Which Vygotsky term refers to temporary support that is tailored to a learner's needs and abilities and is aimed at helping him or her master a new skill?
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scaffolding
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Instead of saying "feet," four-year-old Jasper says "foots." This error is best described as an example of
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overregularization.
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The term ________ refers to a person who is fluent in two languages, not favoring one over the other
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balanced bilingual
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The goal of teacher-directed early-education programs is to:
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make all children ready to learn
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In the United States, the most widespread early-childhood education program is
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Head Start.
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Child-centered programs stress children's development and growth through:
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play.
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Children typically understand the basics of grammar by the:
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age of 2
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Sylvia wants to keep her son from getting cavities, so she lets him drink diet soda instead of regular soda. Her dentist tells her that her strategy won't work because diet soda:
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has has much acid as regular soda
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The amygdala is a brain structure that registers:
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emotions
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Myelination is important because it:
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speeds up the transmission of neural impulses
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Which statement about oral health is true?
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it is viral for children in early childhood to brush their teeth
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One of Vygotsky's most famous concepts was the zone of proximal development, which asserts that:
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children can master some tasks with the help of others
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The process through which axons become coated with a fatty substance that speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses is called:
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myelination
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What was Maria Montessori's objective when she created her preschool?
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individual achievement
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By the age of 2, a child will typically have a vocabulary of _____ words; by the age of 6, a child will typically have a vocabulary of _____ words.
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500; 10,000
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Gross motor skills such as riding a tricycle are acquired:
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through brain maturation and practice
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A 2-year-old human's brain is _____ percent of the adult brain's weight.
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75
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The goal of most teacher-directed preschools is:
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shaping student behavior
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The left side of the brain notices _____, while the right side grasps _____.
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the details; emotions
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The area of the brain that is crucial in expressing and regulating emotions is the:
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limbic system
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According to Vygotsky, the internal dialogue that people have with themselves either silently or aloud is referred to as:
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private speech
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Four-year-old Graciela is a balanced bilingual, which means that she:
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is fluent in both her native language and her second language
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What has research found to be the most effective way to teach English to children of Hispanic heritage while simultaneously improving their Spanish?
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combining english and spanish instruction
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Logical extension involves:
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linking a newly learned word to other objects in the same category
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Parents of a typical 5-year-old girl in America are MOST likely to say:
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she isn't eating enough
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The ability to generate several thoughts in rapid succession is most specifically related to:
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myelination
