question

Emphysema: 1. is most closely associated with chronic bronchitis. 2. is most closely associated with cystic fibrosis. 3. leads to the destruction of alveolar walls. 4. is characterized by mucus plugging.

answer

1, 3

question

According to the GOLD report, which of the following is the greatest worldwide risk factor for COPD? AIDS Genetic predisposition Marijuana smoke Tobacco smoke

answer

Tobacco smoke

question

A genetically linked cause of panlobular emphysema is: bronchiectasis. a1-antitrypsin deficiency. cystic fibrosis. bronchial asthma.

answer

a1-antitrypsin deficiency.

question

Emphysema is probably caused by all of the following EXCEPT: inhaling asbestos fibers. a1-antitrypsin deficiency. second-hand cigarette smoke. air pollution.

answer

inhaling asbestos fibers.

question

The genetic reference to a person with a normal level of a1-antitrypsin is: Z phenotype. MZ. MM. ZZ.

answer

MM.

question

Which of the following are anatomic alterations found with chronic bronchitis? 1. Increased size of submucosal bronchial glands 2. Destruction of pulmonary capillaries 3. Chronic bronchial wall inflammation 4. Bronchospasm

answer

1, 3, 4

question

Which of the following are anatomic alterations found with emphysema? 1. Hyperinflation 2. Mucus plugs 3. Decreased surface area for gas exchange 4. Weakened distal airways

answer

1, 3, 4

question

The management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) includes: 1. annual influenza immunization. 2. bronchopulmonary hygiene procedures. 3. lung volume-reduction surgery. 4. smoking cessation.

answer

1, 2, 3, 4

question

Which of the following terms is/are commonly applied to a patient with emphysema? 1. Pink puffer 2. Blue bloater 3. Type A COPD 4. Type B COPD

answer

1, 3

question

At which stage of COPD does the patient usually first seek medical attention because of worsening symptoms? Stage I Stage II Stage III Stage IV

answer

Stage II

question

A patient with chronic bronchitis will have which of the following clinical manifestations? 1. Rhonchi 2. Cor pulmonale 3. Use of accessory muscles 4. Stocky, overweight build

answer

1, 2, 4

question

A patient with emphysema will often have the following clinical manifestations: 1. Polycythemia 2. Barrel chest 3. Pursed-lip breathing 4. Normal percussion note

answer

2, 3

question

Which of the following is true of the diffusing capacity test (DLCO) findings in a patient with COPD? Normal in all cases Decreased in emphysema Decreased in chronic bronchitis Increased in all cases

answer

Decreased in emphysema

question

Which of the following are associated with chronic bronchitis? 1. Cyanosis 2. Purulent sputum 3. Right heart failure 4. Elevated CO2 level

answer

1, 2, 3, 4

question

Which of the following would indicate a diagnosis of advanced COPD? 1. Arterial blood gases show low O2 and high CO2. 2. Arterial blood gases show high O2 and low CO2. 3. Pulmonary function tests show low flow of air on expiration. 4. Pulmonary function tests show low flow of air on inspiration.

answer

1, 3

question

If an asthmatic patient is not properly treated and has long-term airway inflammation, what can occur? Chronic bronchitis Pulmonary fibrosis Irreversible loss of airway caliber Emphysema

answer

Irreversible loss of airway caliber

question

A patient with a severe asthma attack has many mucus plugs. What structural changes can be expected because of this? Atelectasis Fibrosis Alveolar hyperinflation Pulmonary edema

answer

Atelectasis

question

Which of the following are associated with so-called extrinsic asthma? 1. Dog dander 2. Mold 3. Aspirin 4. Being a young male

answer

1, 2

question

What medical term is used to describe when an asthmatic patient has an early response followed by a late response to an allergen? Intrinsic asthma Antigen-antibody response Biphasic response Bilateral response

answer

Biphasic response

question

Which of the following are associated with so-called intrinsic asthma? 1. Emotional stress 2. Cockroach allergen 3. GERD 4. Obesity

answer

1, 3

question

If an asthmatic patient is given a sympathomimetic and parasympatholytic medication, what can be expected to happen? Bronchial smooth muscle contraction will occur. Airway edema will be reduced. Nothing, since the two medications have opposite effects. Bronchial smooth muscle relaxation will occur.

answer

Bronchial smooth muscle relaxation will occur.

question

After a patient inhales a bronchodilator medication, what percentage change in peak expiratory flow (PEF) indicates a diagnosis of asthma? -20% -10% +10% >20%

answer

>20%

question

Pulsus paradoxus would be manifested as: a greater than 40 mm Hg difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures. inspiratory systolic blood pressure >10 mm Hg less than during expiration. inspiratory diastolic blood pressure >10 mm Hg less than during expiration. systolic and diastolic blood pressure reading being reversed.

answer

inspiratory systolic blood pressure >10 mm Hg less than during expiration.

question

As a respiratory therapist, you are performing a chest assessment. What findings would be common in a patient during an asthma attack? 1. Inverse I:E ratio 2. Decreased vocal fremitus 3. Increased vesicular breath sounds 4. Hyperresonant percussion note

answer

2, 4

question

A sputum sample from a suspected asthmatic patient has been sent to the laboratory for analysis. Which of the following findings would confirm the diagnosis? Increased IgE level Increased erythrocytes Increased leukocytes Decreased IgE level

answer

Increased IgE level

question

A patient has been admitted to the hospital with a suspected asthma attack. What radiographic findings would confirm this diagnosis? 1. Depressed diaphragm 2. Increased anterior-posterior diameter 3. Asymmetrical lung inflation 4. Translucent lung fields

answer

1, 2, 4

question

Patients with bronchiectasis can have the following anatomic alterations: 1. Hyperinflation 2. Pulmonary embolism 3. Consolidation 4. Pneumothorax

answer

1, 3

question

Rigid and dilated bronchi are the key anatomic alterations found in which type of bronchiectasis? Varicose Cystic Emphysematous Cylindrical

answer

Cylindrical

question

Irregularly dilated and constricted bronchi are the key anatomic alterations found in which type of bronchiectasis? Cystic Varicose Tubular Saccular

answer

Varicose

question

A mother brought her 2 year old son to the physician. He has been coughing up secretions and having wheezy breathing ever since choking on food six months ago. The physician diagnosed the boy with bronchiectasis. What could be the cause? Cystic fibrosis Measles Asthma Aspiration

answer

Aspiration

question

Management of the patient with bronchiectasis may include: 1. Expectorants 2. Early childhood immunizations 3. Lung resection 4. Lung transplant

answer

1, 2, 3

question

The preferred radiographic method to evaluate a patient's bronchiectasis is: posterior-anterior radiograph (x-ray). anterior-posterior radiograph (x-ray). computed tomography (CT). bronchogram.

answer

computed tomography (CT).

question

Which of the following are commonly cultured from the mucus in the tracheobronchial tree of a patient with cystic fibrosis? 1. Klebsiella 2. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3. Haemophilus influenzae 4. Staphylococcus aureus

answer

2, 3, 4

question

The major pathologic or structural changes associated with cystic fibrosis include: 1. partial airway obstruction leading to hyperinflation. 2. bronchospasm. 3. thick, tenacious mucus. 4. total airway obstruction leading to atelectasis

answer

1, 3, 4

question

How can the genetic mutation found with cystic fibrosis (CF) be characterized? 1. There are many variations in the mutation. 2. CF is the most common childhood inherited disorder. 3. The mutation is a dominant trait. 4. The mutation stops cilia function

answer

1, 2

question

Cystic fibrosis patients can have all of the following EXCEPT: malnutrition. meconium ileus (bowel obstruction). excessive, viscous pulmonary secretions. tendency for status asthmaticus.

answer

tendency for status asthmaticus.

question

If both the mother and the father are carriers for the cystic fibrosis gene, what are the chances that their child will be a cystic fibrosis carrier? 0% 25% 50% 75%

answer

50%

question

Which ethnic group has the greatest number of people with cystic fibrosis? African Americans Asians Hispanics whites

answer

Whites

question

All of the following can be used in the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis EXCEPT: an elevated potassium level in the sweat. an elevated chloride level in the sweat. genetic testing of the patient and/or parents. chronic lung infections from an early age.

answer

an elevated potassium level in the sweat.

question

Which of the following is/are commonly used in the treatment of cystic fibrosis? 1. Pancreatic enzymes and vitamins 2. Antibiotics 3. Postural drainage 4. Expectorants

answer

1, 2, 3, 4

question

Your patient has a lung infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. What antibiotic should be used against it? Tobramycin (TOBI) Dornase alpha (Pulmozyme) Levalbuterol (Xopenex) Pentamidine (NebuPent)

answer

Tobramycin (TOBI)

question

Common chest assessment findings in a patient with cystic fibrosis include: 1. tracheal deviation. 2. breath sounds reveal crackles and rhonchi. 3. dull percussion note. 4. hyperresonant percussion note.

answer

2, 4

question

What complicating pulmonary problem is likely to happen to a patient with cystic fibrosis? Pulmonary edema Pleural effusion Spontaneous pneumothorax Cardiac tamponade

answer

Spontaneous pneumothorax

question

All of the following pulmonary function findings would be expected in a patient with moderate to severe cystic fibrosis EXCEPT: increased FVC. increased RV. decreased PEFR. decreased FEF 50%.

answer

increased FVC.

question

Benign tumors: 1. are metastatic. 2. grow slowly. 3. are usually encapsulated. 4. grow in a disordered manner

answer

2, 3

question

Malignant tumors: 1. invade surrounding tissues. 2. grow slowly. 3. cause necrosis. 4. push aside surrounding tissue

answer

1, 3

question

The major pathologic and structural changes associated with bronchogenic carcinoma include all of the following, EXCEPT: bronchospasm. airway obstruction. destruction of airways and alveoli. atelectasis.

answer

bronchospasm.

question

The most common cause of lung cancer is: smoking tobacco. smoking marijuana. inhaling asbestos. inhaling radon gas.

answer

smoking tobacco.

question

Which of the following is/are small cell lung cancer(s)? 1. Undifferentiated carcinoma 2. Squamous carcinoma 3. Adenocarcinoma 4. Oat cell carcinoma

answer

4

question

Which of the following is/are non-small cell lung cancer(s)? 1. Large cell carcinoma 2. Squamous carcinoma 3. Adenocarcinoma 4. Oat cell carcinoma

answer

1, 2, 3

question

Your patient with advanced lung cancer with metastasis to several organs has chosen palliative care. What does this mean? Aggressive chemotherapy Chemotherapy and radiation therapy Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy Treating his symptoms

answer

Treating his symptoms

question

Chest radiograph findings indicating lung cancer include all of the following, EXCEPT: a large irregular mass. an enlarged heart. a coin lesion. a pleural effusion.

answer

an enlarged heart.

question

Signs and symptoms that a patient has metastatic lung cancer include: 1. weakness. 2. bone pain. 3. seizures. 4. weight loss.

answer

1, 2, 3, 4

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