Dec 2011 Mr. Eby Midterm – Flashcards
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Definiere El Nino.
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das Auftreten ungewohnlicher, nicht zyklischer, veranderter Stromungen im ozeanographisch-meteorologischen System des aquatorialen Pazifiks.
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Define, explain and give an example of the political system of THEOCRACY
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relgious rules rule the government EX: Iran, the Vatican
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Define, explain and give an example of the political system of DEMOCRACY
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Government elected by the people. Free market economy. EX: USA, Germany, France
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Define, explain and give an example of the political system of CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY
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form of Democracy.
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Define, explain and give an example of the political system of ANARCHY
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no government controls. No current examples
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Define, explain and give an example of the political system of TOTALITARIAN
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Dictator is ruler and makes the law. EX: Castro of Cuba. Kim Jong-Il of North Korea, Omar Al-Bashir of Sudan. Iraq when it was under Saddam Hussein
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Define, explain and give an example of the political system of TRADITIONAL MONARCHY
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Ruled by Monarch (king or queen) Command or Market Economy Monarch makes the laws, generally with help from Military. EX: Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Monaco
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Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism. Definitions
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see slide page on study stack
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What are China's economic reforms
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Great leap forward, Capitalism in a communist government
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Which of China's political reforms was most successful
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cultural revolution
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Which economic reform of China was most successful
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capitalism
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What was the Great Leap Forward
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Attempt to advance industrialization in China.
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What was outcome of Great Leap Forward
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complete failure. resulted in 10's of millions of deaths
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Who promoted the Great Leap Forward
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Mao Zedong
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Samurais live their life by what set of written rules
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Bushido
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What is a tropical storm in W. Pacific known as
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typhoon
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What event in 1900 did Chinese militants kill Europeans and Chinese Christians
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Boxer rebellion
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What National Party, founded in 1912 in China, attempted to start a republic but fell to communism
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Kuomintang
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Who is founder of Kuomintang
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Sun Yat-sen
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What is a country called with rapid economic growth because of cheap labor, high tech, and aggressive exports
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economic tiger
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Japan's bullet train is called ___________
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Shinkansen
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China was carved into __________ controlled by Britain, France, Germany, Russia and Japan from about 1800 until the Boxer Rebellion in 1900
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Spheres of Influence
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UNICEF
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United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (protested child labor in sweatshops in China)
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Describe and explain the basic principles of Confucianism
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respect/obedience/filial piety to repay ancestors' kindness. Govern by hierarchy. Founded in China. Founded by Confucius
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Why did Japan have impreialistic views between the 1800's and WWII
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resources
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What kind of economy does Japan have today?
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free market
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What was China's Cultural Revolution
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started by Mao in 1966. Wanted to abandon any part of Capitalism that was creeping into China. Wanted strict socialism. Many abuses and torture of people. HUGE FAILURE. abandoned.
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What wsa juche philosophy?
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Korean word translated as "self-reliance." North Korea's political thesis of Kim Il .1950s to the 1970s.The government uses to justify its policy.Among these are independence from great powers,strong military, reliance on Korean national resources.
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What is karma
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deed or act Good dharma, good karma
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What is dharma
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Dharma in this latter sense is 'the path of righteousness', the way of 'correct', 'appropriate', 'decent', or 'proper' behaviour.
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List each caste in the caste system
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Brahman -priests Kshatryia - warriors Viasys - merchants, landowners Sudra - peasants, servants Untouchables or Pariahs - outlawed
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5 pillars of Islam
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Mohammad is the only god prayer fasting charity pilgramage to Mecca (Hajj)
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List the 4 Nobel Truths
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Buddhism: 1.There is suffering. 2. There is a cause to suffering. 3. There is an end to suffering. 4, path out of suffering is 8-fold path
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What is a command economic system?
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governmentdecides how to run the economic activity of a country. It determines what goods a nation produces, and how to allocate resources. A great example would be Soviet Russia, and China before the reforms of the 1980s. Cuba is another example.
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What is a free market economic system?
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the market decides what goods and services to make and what prices to charge for them
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What is a socialist economic system?
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The government owns and controls the companies, factories, services. Example: Venezuala, Hugo Chavez, took over the oil companies and made them government owned. Goes with Communist.
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What are the 'four levels of economic activity' called?
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Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary
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What is Primary Level of Economic activity. Give examples
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directly use resources and raw materials. Examples: Agriculture, forrestry, minging
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What is the Secondary Level of Economic activity? Give examples.
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Takes goods made in primary industry and turns them into goods useful to consumers. Example: manufacturing, dairies, bakeries
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What is the Tertiary Level of Economic activity? Give examples.
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provides services. Example retail stores, restaurants, bsnks, insurance, public transportation, utilities, teachers, doctors
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What is quaternary level of Economic activity? Give examples.
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specialized skills to the primary, secondary and primary industries. Example: information research, attorneys, professors, consultants, Information Technology departments
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5 themes of Geography (MRHELP)...what is Movement? Give examples
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Movement answers the question: How are people and places connected? Example: How are ideas moved from place to place? How is information moved? People are moved by trucks, planes, trains.
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5 themes of Geography...what is Region? Give examples
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Region is AN AREA ON EARTH SURFACE DEFINED BY UNIFYING CHARACTERISTICS. Physical or cultural. Formal regions: government, city of UP. Functional Region shares a service - UP and HP share HPISD. Perceptual region-people's perceptions. Park Cities snobs.
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5 themes of Geography...what is human-environment interaction? Give examples
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Geographers look at all effects of people interacting with their surroundings. Can be positive or negative. Negative: Coal mining polluting environment. Positive: clean up Chernobyl radioactivity.
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5 themes of Geography...what is Location? Give examples
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absolute location, relative location. Absolute 35 degrees N 32 degrees W. Relative: 2 blocks West of High School
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5 themes of Geography...what is Place? Give examples
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What type of Place is it? What is it like there? What language,customs, how many people? Physical characteristics like landforms, climate, wildlife, soil.
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Define Push and Pull factors
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Push from a place - hurricane. Pull to a place - better jobs
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Explain diffusion
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the spread of ideas, inventions or patters oif behavior in different societies. Example: The 'Arab Spring' in 2011 is a cultural idea that spread across 7 countries.
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Exlain and give examples of acculturation
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the process of adopting the cultural traits or social patterns. Example: Dad's nurse in the hospital was from the Phillipines. But she became an American citizen and totally took on the American culture ;except she kept Asian emphesis on education.
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Explain and give examples of immigration
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immigrate- Miss Maria immigrated to the US from Mexico when she was young.
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Explain and give examples of emmigrate
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Miss Maria emmigrated FROM Mexico TO the US
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Explain longitude and latitude lines.
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Longitude run long. From Arctic circle to Antarcticia for example. Latitude run across. Equator is an example of 0 degrees latitude.
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What does longitude measure from
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Measures from 0 degrees longitude = prime meridian.
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What does latitude measure from
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measures from 0 degrees latitude = equator
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Describe the orographic/rain shadow effect and how it can affect climate
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A rain shadow is a dry area on the lee side of a mountainous area. ... The condition exists because warm moist air rises through "orographic lifting" to the top of a mountain range or large effect Leeward=dry side of mtn. Windward= moist,rain shadow
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describe and be able to interpret climographs
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barcharts. Example Jan, Feb, ...Dec rainfall in inches
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Be able to read and interpret population pyramids
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Example: Negative growth pyramid.old population. Slow growth pyramid. Stage 3 of DTM. about equal old and young Rapid Growth pyramid. Small old population, big young population.
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Be able to read and interpret the demographic transition model
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Rapid Growth Pyramid = Stage 2 of DTM Slow Growth pyramid = Stage 3 of DTM Negative Growth Pyramid = Stage 4 of DTM
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Demographic Transition Stage one
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High stationary = high birthrate + high deathrate = stable population. EXAMPLE: Afghanistan. Why? Poor medical facilieties, need for many children to work in rural areas. Main economic activity: Primary
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Demographic Transition Stage two
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Early expanding = high BR + low DR = growing population (rapid growth) Type of country: Traditional. EXAMPLE: Oman Why: better medical. Socioeconomic is rising PCI, GNP, beginning urban migration. Main economic activity: primary and secondary industry.
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Demographic Transition Stage three
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Late Expanding = decreasing BR + low DR = growing population (slow growth) Type of country = mature transitional. EXAMPLE: Mexico. Socioeconomic conditions: high urban migration. higher life expectancy, industry. Main economic: prim,second, tertiary.
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Demographic Transition Stage four
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low stationary = low BR + low DR = stable population (low or negative growth)Why: disease control, rapid declie in DR. Socioecononmic: high urban pop. Main economic activity: secondary, tertiary or quaternary
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terrace farming
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Terraces are used in farming to cultivate sloped land. Graduated terrace steps are commonly used to farm on hilly or mountainous terrain. Example: farming rice in Asia
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subsistence farming
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In very densely populated countries like India and China, farmers use their small land holding to produce enough food just for their own family, not as food to sell
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tributary
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A tributary is a stream or river that flows into a main stem river or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean. Example: the Rhine river has several tributaries
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alluvial plain
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An alluvial plain is a relatively flat landform created by the deposition of sediment over a long period of time by one or more rivers coming from highland regions, An example is Jakarta in Indonesia
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leeward
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On or toward the side to which the wind is blowing
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windward
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Windward is the direction upwind from the point of reference. Leeward is the direction downwind from the point of reference.
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oppressive
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burdensome, unjustly harsh, or tyrannical: an oppressive king. Example: Nicholas II
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taiga
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Taiga (pronounced /?ta???/, Russian: òàéãà?; from Turkic[1] or Mongolian), is a biome characterized by coniferous forests. Taiga is the world's largest terrestrial biome. In North America it covers most of inland Canada and Alaska
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peninsula
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land surrounded on 3 sides by water. Example: Florida
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xenophobia
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Xenophobia is defined as "an unreasonable fear of foreigners or strangers. Example: Russia has become xenophobic during the recession because of fear of losing jobs to foreigners
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polytheism
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belief in multiple gods, for example ancient Greece belief in multiple Gods and Godesses.
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monotheism
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belief in one god. Example: Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism
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urbanization
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Urbanization refers to a process in which an increasing proportion of an entire population lives in cities and the suburbs of cities. Example: China's urbanization in 20th century
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ethnocentrism
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characterized by or based on the attitude that one's own group is superior ... Example: North Korea and juche
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infrastructure
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Infrastructure is basic physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of a society or enterprise. For example: City of UP has infrastructure of streets, water, sewer, police and schools
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colonialism/imperialism
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practice of dominion of one country by another. Example: United Kingdom colonized India, United States, etc.
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propaganda
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Propaganda is a form of communication that is aimed at influencing the attitude of a community toward some cause or position. Example: communist propaganda
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regime
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A form of government, or the government in power (as in a socialist regime); A period of rule;
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Who were the original inhabitants of New Zeland?
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Maori
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Who were the original inhabitants of Australia?
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Aborigines
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Explain the significance of the term "terra nullius"
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Terra nullius means 'nobody's land'. It was used in Australia for the British to say it could clain the land because the natives did not have a common law system. The concept was overturned in 1997 in the MABO case saying Aboriginies had land rights.
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Explain the 'stolen generation.'
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The Stolen Generations were the children of Australian Aboriginal who were removed from their families by the Australian government The removals occurred in the period between approximately 1869 and 1969,
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What was the original purpose to colonize Australia
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penal colony
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Who owns Antarctica?
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many countries have claimed it, no one owns it
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What did the Antarctic treaty invoke?
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The Antarctic Treaty is an agreement between countries to keep Antarctica as a a place just to do scientific research. They agree that there shall be no type of drilling or any military activity on the continent
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What was the reason for our involvement in the Vietnam war?
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contain the spread of communicsm
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Who was the leader of the Communicst forces in the Vietnam war?
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The US sent in advisors in 1950 and started shooting in 1959
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Who was the leader of the N. Vietnam army in the Vietnam war?
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Ho Chi Minh
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Who is Poi Pot? What was he the leader of? How many died under his rule?
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Pol Pot became leader of Cambodia on April 17, 1975. He imposed agrarian socialism, forcing urban dwellers to relocate to the countryside to work in collective farms. Resulted in the deaths of approximately 2,000,000 to 5,000,000 people died
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Describe the leadership of Lenin and Stalin. What kind of political party would they fall into?
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Lenin was the father of communism for Russia. He was a socialist. Stalin also a communist, was a cruel dictator who killed about 40 million Russians between wars, protests and death warrents and death camps.
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Who was responsible for the start of communism in the USSR, the first leader of the Soviet Union? What year? What book was the idealogy based on? When did communism fall?
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Lenin started communism in the USSR. He started it in 1917 after the Russian Revolution. Stalan expanded it and added eastern block countris to expand the USSR. Idealogy based on Karl Marx Communist Manifefsto. The USSR fell in 1991 back to Russia alone.
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What kind of economic system was used in the Soviet Union?
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communism/socialism. Now Putin has put in modernization to add some free market economy and privitazation of industry.
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What kind of political party and economy does Russia have now?
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liberalized market economy although concentrated wealth in the friends of the communist leaders. It is a 'one party' system politically. Accused of lack of transparency and favors to the few in power.
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Why is Russia's population in such a decline?
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The primary causes of Russia's population decrease and loss of about 700,000 to 800,000 citizens each year are a high death rate, low birth rate, high rate of abortions, and a low level of immigration.
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Describe what happened in Chernobyl
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in 1986 nuclear reactor meltdown. Much radiation spread across northern hemisphere. Not populated now. US and W Europe effort to clean up Chernobyl still-dangerous radiation. Mapping the plant with Robot today.
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Describe the cold war. Who was it between? What years? What was the reason behind it?
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Cold war was 1945 (after WWII) to 1986 (fall of USSR). Between US and USSR and its respective allies (NATO and Warsaw pact countries). Reason behind it was only 2 superpowers after WWII. Different philosophy. Feared nuclear war. Each containment and power
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Explain why the Aral sea is shrinking at an alarming rate.
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Aral se shrinking to irrigate fields in Uzbekistan to grow cotton. This was a USSR plan to get money for 'white gold' = cotton.
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Describe the Green Revolution
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use of agricultural modern technologies (modified seeds to improve yields) to improve crop harvest in India. Has worked. Started 1966 and increasing yields.
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How has overpopulation lead to problems in South Asia?
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famine and health problems
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What did Ghandi stand for
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peaceful resistance. Bring independence to India through peaceful means to free from British rule. Non-violent resistance. Would not buy salt from british, 'walk to the sea' for salt. Would not buy cotton from British, weave own cloth 2 hours per day.
