data processing midterm
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computer
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an electronic device programmed to process, store, and output data
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hardware
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of the physical components and devices
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software
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instructions that tell the computer what to do
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Personal computer (PC):
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input, processing, storage, and output are self-contained
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Desktop computer
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the processing, memory, and main storage device are housed within a case called the system unit
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mobile computer
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can be moved from place to place
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laptop computer
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fits comfortably on a person's lap also referred to as a notebook
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netbook
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a smaller version of a notebook
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ultrabook
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thinner, lighter in weight, but just as powerful as a traditional notebook
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tablet PCs
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lightweight notebooks with smaller screens use a touch screen or stylus
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mobile devices
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handheld devices smaller than notebooks - Smartphones: built-in cameras, apps, Web-browsing, messaging - Ultra-Mobile PC (UMPC): supports touch, digital pen input or keyboard - Portable Media Players: music, videos, photos, games, electronic books
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wearable glasses
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can be worn on the body and functions while the individual is moving around - assist or monitor individuals with health conditions - track items - provide real-time information - access documentation - engage in virtual reality simulations
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embedded computers
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have processors programmed to perform a particular task
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Apple's MacBook Air is an example of this type of notebook computer
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Ultrabook
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Which of the following computers is NOT a personal computer (PC)?
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Mainframe
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Google's Project Glass eyeglasses fit into this category of computers.
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wearable
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These computers have a processor that is programmed to perform a particular task.
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embedded computers
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Server
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a computer with hardware and software that allows it to link together other computers
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clients
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computers that connect to a server
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server room
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maintained to avoid heat, humidity, and dust
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midrange server
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used in small and medium-sized organizations
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thin client
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connected to a network and does not store any data or software on the local PC
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Mainframe
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connect hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously - have specialized hardware and software - capable of processing millions of transactions - retains massive volumes of data
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Supercomputer
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fastest, most expensive, and most powerful - capable of performing trillions of calculations per second - supercomputing speed is expressed in petaflops
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Ubiquitous computing
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computing technology is everywhere within our environment and used all of the time - retail: Macy's is using a new handheld computer at some of its stores - restaurant: noise-cancelling technology uses materials disguised as art to make the restaurant as loud or as quiet as the owner sees fit - manufacturing: high-end 3-D printers have led to the emergence of on-demand manufacturing - law enforcement: low-cost sleeve that snaps onto an iPhone or iPod touch to collect fingerprints for rapid identification - medicine: new knee brace allows doctors to monitor remotely a patient's healing progress after discharge for knee surgery
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Technological convergence
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innovation merges several technologies into a single device
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This type of computer is used to link together other computers in order to share resources.
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server
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Supercomputing speed is measured in _________.
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Petaflops
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This term is used to describe computing that is everywhere at the same time.
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Ubiquitous computing
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This term describes the merging of multiple technologies into a single device such as a game console being used to play movies and surf the Web.
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Technological convergence
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Information technology (IT):
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use of computers, software, networks, and other communication systems and processes to store, retrieve, send, process, and protect information - raw data: characters that are typed or otherwise entered into a computer
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Information Processing Cycle:
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operations involved in transforming data into information
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Input device
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any device used to enter raw data or communicate instructions to the computer
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Central processing unit (CPU):
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computer chip carries out the instructions given by the software to perform the processing cycle - silicon chip referred to as the microprocessor - multi-core processors: significantly increase speed and performance
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Output device
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anything used to view the information processed and organized by the computer
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Storage:
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- random access memory (RAM): a holding area where instructions and data are temporarily stored while processing - cache memory: to store frequently used data - storage media: devices used for permanent storage - cloud storage: log in to a website and copy documents, photos, or other information to a web service
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Communications device:
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any component used to facilitate the transmission of data
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Cloud computing
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delivery model of software and computing services that are accessed entirely on the Internet
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software-as-a-service (SaaS):
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delivery of software applications using the Internet
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Which of the following operations is NOT in the Information Processing Cycle?
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printing
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A scanner is an example of this type of device used in the Information Processing Cycle
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input
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The computer chip that carries out the instructions given by software is called the ___________.
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Central Processing Unit (CPU)
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This term describes a delivery method where software applications are accessed from the Web.
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Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
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Green computing
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use of computers and other electronic devices in an environmentally responsible manner - e-waste or e-trash: proper disposal of electronic waste
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Five ways to go green
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-Make sure you use Energy Star certified devices -Use smart power strips that automatically reduce the power to devices when not in use - Reduce printing—only print what you absolutely must have in a paper copy - Modify the default power options on your computer to conserve more energy - Consider reselling or donating equipment you no longer need
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Repetitive-strain injury (RSI):
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injury or disorder of the joints, nerves, muscles, ligaments, or tendons - two common computer-related RSI injuries are tendonitis and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
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Computer vision syndrome (CVS):
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a temporary condition caused by prolonged computer use
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Posture-related injuries
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pain in the lower back, neck, shoulders, and arms are common complaints from computer workers
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Prevention strategies to reduce risk of RSI, CVS, and muscular pain
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poor posture, poor technique, and excessive use - ergonomics: design of equipment and a person's workspace to promote safe and comfortable operation of the equipment
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Cloud computing places the processing and _______ operations in the Information Processing Cycle at the service provider's server
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storage
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This label on a device indicates the manufacturer has met or exceeded minimum federal standards for energy consumption
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Energy Star
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A leading cause of job-related illness in North America is _____________.
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Repetitive-strain injury
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This term describes the design of equipment and workspace for the individual's safety and comfort.
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work smart
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Network:
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two or more devices that are linked together to share resources and communicate with each other
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Internet (Net):
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a global network that links together other networks
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Internet Service Provider (ISP):
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a company that provides access to the Internet's infrastructure for a fee
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World Wide Web (Web or WWW):
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global collection of web pages circulated on the Internet - web page: a document that contains text and multimedia content - web browser: a software program used to view web pages - website: a collection of related web pages for one organization or individual - web server: where all of the web pages and resources that make a website work are stored
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Web 2.0
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websites that encourage and facilitate collaboration and sharing and allow users to add or edit content
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Web 3.0 or the Semantic Web
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meaningful connections between data and Web pages will exist, allowing you to find more complex information more easily and quickly
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network interface card (NIC),
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often referred to in computer ads as an Ethernet port: hardware where you plug one end of an Ethernet cable into the notebook and the other end into a device that connects to the Internet
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wireless interface card:
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allows you to connect to a network using wireless technology
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Bluetooth
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connectivity which offers the ability to connect to another Bluetooth-enabled device
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You will also need:
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- an account with an Internet Service Provider (ISP) - networking equipment (usually provided by your ISP) such as a cable modem, DSL modem, wireless modem, or satellite modem - a router may be needed if you will be connecting multiple devices (newer modems integrate a wireless router within the same equipment) - a web browser such as Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, or Safari
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ISPs are companies that provide the equipment and servers that allow your PC or mobile device to connect to the Internet backbone
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- fees for Internet access vary and are usually based on the connection speed - deciding on the connection speed is generally based on your anticipated usage - you may also receive multiple email accounts and security tools to keep your PC or mobile device virus- and spam-free
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Broadband
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any always-on connection capable of carrying a large amount of data at a fast speed
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Megabits per second (Mbps):
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how speed for broadband connectivity is expressed; data transfers at the rate of 1 million bits per second
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Cable Internet access
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provided by the same cable company with which you subscribe for television service
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Digital Subscriber Line (DSL):
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provided by your telephone company
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Fiber-to-the-Premises (FTTP) also referred to as Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) or Fiber-Optic-Service (FiOS):
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involves the ISP running a fiber-optic cable directly to your home or business
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Satellite Internet acc
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an option in rural areas where cable or DSL is not available
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Fixed wireless Internet access
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involves installing an antenna outside your home to send and receive radio signals
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Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) network:
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wireless access points and radio signals are used to transmit data
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Mobile broadband sticks:
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portable modems that plug into a USB port on your mobile device and connect via a cellular network
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3G (third generation) or 4G (fourth generation)
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devices that provide Internet access through cell towers - 4G LTE network: fastest network for mobile devices
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Dial-up
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connect your PC to your telephone system via a modem built into your PC
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The collection of networks that provides the pathway for data to travel is the ______.
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internet
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This refers to the global collection of web pages circulated on the Internet.
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World Wide Web
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High-speed Internet access is referred to by this term.
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Broadband
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Which of the following connections is NOT high speed?
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Dial-up
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Hypertext Markup Language (HTML):
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a markup language used to create web pages - uses tags to describe page content
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Internet Explorer (IE):
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the web browser included with Microsoft Windows
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Chrome:
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Google's free web browser that runs on Windows-compatible PCs
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Firefox:
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a free web browser available at mozilla.org by the Mozilla Foundation
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Safari:
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Apple's browser used on Mac and Apple mobile devices
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Mobile web browsers:
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designed to quickly display web pages optimized for the smaller screens on devices such as tablets and smartphones
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Internet Protocol (IP) address:
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a unique address assigned to a computing device that is connected to the Internet
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ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers):
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a nonprofit organization that is in charge of keeping track of the Internet addresses and names all around the world
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Web address:
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a text-based address, to navigate to a website - also called a uniform resource locator (URL)
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Domain Name System (DNS) server:
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a server that holds the directory and is owned by a business or ISP
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Home page:
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the first page of a website that displays when the web address is requested
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Hyperlinks (links
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when clicked or tapped on a touchscreen take you to a related web page
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This is the web browser included with Microsoft Windows.
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Internet Explorer
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This browser allows you to type search phrases directly in the Address bar.
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Chrome
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This is the nonprofit organization that keeps track of Internet addresses for the world.
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ICANN
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A Web address is called a(n) ________
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URL
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Search engine:
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a company that searches web pages and indexes the pages by keywords or by subject
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Spiders or crawlers
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programs used by search engines that read web pages and other information to generate index entries
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Metasearch search engines:
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send your search phrase to other search engines and then compile the results in one list
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Content aggregator
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an organization that searches the Web for new content and collects and organizes the content in one place
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Really Simple Syndication (RSS):
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specification used by content aggregators to distribute updates to subscribers
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A search engine uses this type of program to search the Web for keywords to index.
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spider
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A search engine that compiles results from other search engines is called a _______ search engine.
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metasearch
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Which of the following is NOT a strategy to help you evaluate a web page's credibility?
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Check for an author's name and affiliation.
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If a publication date is not on the web page, a clue may appear in this linked address.
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Web address
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Plug-in (add-on) or player:
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a software program that allows the browser to display enhanced content that it cannot display on its own
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E-commerce:
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the abbreviation for electronic commerce, which involves buying or selling over the Internet
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Email (electronic mail)
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the sending and receiving of digital messages using the Internet, sometimes with documents or photos attached
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Email address
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used to connect to your email account at the ISP server and is generated in the format
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Email client:
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a program such as Microsoft's Outlook or Apple's Mail to send and receive messages
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Text messages
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short text exchanges, referred to as texting, that you send to another mobile device using a service called Short Message Service (SMS
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Instant messaging
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exchanging text messages in real time between other users of similar devices
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Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
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the ability to call someone using the Internet and engage in a voice conversation
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Web conferencing
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a program that allows a group of individuals to connect online to engage in a meeting
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This player allows you to read PDF documents.
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Adobe Reader
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This player is a programming language used on web pages.
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Java
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E-tailers are primarily involved in this category of e-commerce.
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B2C
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This type of software allows a group of individuals to collaborate online in a meeting
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Web conferencing
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Motherboard:
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-the main circuit board in the computer -includes the CPU, memory, expansion slots, and circuitry attached to ports that are used to plug in external devices - expansion cards: plug into an expansion slot on the motherboard - data buses: wires where data travels between the components on the motherboard to the CPU and memory
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CPU
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performs the processing cycle and is often referred to as the \"brain\" of the computer - parallel processing: having multiple microprocessor chips (more than one CPU chip on the motherboard), or a multi-core processor (one CPU chip separated into independent processor cores)
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instruction cycle:
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involves the CPU retrieving, decoding, executing, and storing an instruction
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clock speed
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the speed at which a CPU operates and is measured in the number of instruction cycles the CPU can process per second
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gigahertz (GHz):
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1 billion cycles per second
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Level 1 (L1) cache
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cache memory stored closest to the CPU
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Level 2 (L2) cache:
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secondary cache memory either stored on the CPU chip or built on the motherboard
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Level 3 (L3) cache:
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usually built on the motherboard and feeds the L2 cache
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Memory:
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on the motherboard are two types of memory: - read-only memory (ROM): used for storing instructions that the computer uses that do not change - BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System - random-access memory (RAM): temporary memory where data and instructions are stored while processing and is erased when power is turned off
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Port:
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the connectors used to plug in external devices - universal serial bus (USB) port: the most common type of port - USB hub: used to increase the number of USB ports
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Mouse:
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a device used to point, select, and manipulate objects on the screen
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Touchpad
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on notebooks, located below the keyboard and is used in place of a mouse
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Touch-enabled displays (touchscreens)
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for accepting input -stylus: a digital pen
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Scanner
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a device that uses optical technology to analyze text and/or images and convert them into data that can be used by a computer
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Bar code readers
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optically scan barcodes to identify products in warehouses or at checkout counters
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QR (Quick Response) codes
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a type of barcode that looks like a matrix of black square dots
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Magnetic strip readers
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can read data from the magnetic strip on the backs of cards
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Biometric scanners
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used to identify people by individual human characteristics such as a fingerprint, iris, or voice pattern
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Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) readers:
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scan an embedded RFID tag to identify an object
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Camcorders:
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digital video cameras that capture live video and audio
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Webcam:
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a video camera built into a video display screen or plugged in as a peripheral
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Microphone
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can be used in conjunction with software to create a digital audio file from voice input or other sounds captured by the device
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Voice recognition technology (speech recognition technology):
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used to recognize voice commands as input for hands-free operation
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Which of the following is NOT found inside a system unit
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USB flash drive
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Additional circuit boards that add functionality are plugged into the motherboard in these slots.
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Expansion
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A notebook computer senses finger movement from this device and moves the pointer.
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Touchpad
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A smartphone can scan this type of matrix of black dots that usually directs the computer to display a website.
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RFID tag
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Video displays:
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electronic devices that present information from a computer visually - desktop PCs connect a device called a monitor
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Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD):
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a flat-panel technology in various sizes upward from 20 inches
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Light-Emitting Diode (LED) displays:
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consume less energy
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Plasma displays:
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provide truer color representation
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Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED):
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a newer technology that does not require backlighting, making them energy efficient for any device that runs off battery power
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Resolution:
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the number of picture elements (pixels) that make up the image shown on the display screen
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Video display projector (VDP
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used when a computer's output needs to be projected on a large screen when making presentations to groups
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Interactive whiteboard:
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displays the computer's output on a large whiteboard
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Bluetooth headset:
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can be paired with a smartphone to enable the user to hear a conversation when making and receiving voice calls
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Hard copy
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printed copies of computer output - Laser printers are a popular choice for producing hard copy in offices and homes. A laser beam electrostatically charges a drum with the text and images sent for printing. A dry powder called toner sticks to the drum and is transferred to the paper as the paper passes through the printer. Paper feels warm when it comes out of a laser printer because heat is applied to the page to permanently adhere the toner to the paper. Although expensive, color laser printers are starting to increase in popularity.
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Network adapter (network card
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any device used to connect a computer to a network
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Protocols
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a set of rules that define how data is exchanged between two devices
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Ethernet
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type of cable used to connect two devices and the data transfer speed that the media can support
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Wi-Fi adapter (802.11 protocol)
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communicates with a wireless access point or wireless router using radio frequencies to transfer data - external wireless adapters: have built-in radio transmitters and receivers to allow you to connect to a wireless modem or wireless router - USB wireless adapter (USB dongle or USB mobile broadband stick): most common type of external wireless adapter - wireless ExpressCard adapter: plugs into a narrow slot on a notebook or other mobile device
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Bluetooth:
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a communications technology for short range
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This newer technology is expected to eventually replace screens in portable devices because it does not require backlighting.
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OLED
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This term refers to the measurement of horizontal and vertical pixels used to make up an image on a video display screen.
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Resolution
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A wired network adapter is referred to as this type of port.
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Ethernet
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A wireless USB adapter is sometimes referred to by this term.
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USB dongle
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Binary system
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only two possible values exist—0 and 1 - bit: the smallest unit for digital data in the binary system
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File:
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the collection of bytes that comprise the document
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File name:
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the unique name that you assign to the document when you save it
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Storage device
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a piece of hardware with the means to write new data to and read existing data from storage media often referred to as drives
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Hard disk (hard drive, hard disk drive, or HDD):
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internal and usually the largest storage device on a standalone PC
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External hard disk drive
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storage device that you attach to the computer as a peripheral using a USB or FireWire port
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Solid-state drive (SSD
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newer type of hard disk drive technology used in portable computers - uses flash memory: chip-based technology where data is stored electronically on a chip instead of magnetically like a traditional HDD
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Network drives:
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hard disk drives installed in a network server and made available to users who have been granted access to the server's storage with their user name and password
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USB flash drive
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a portable storage device that contains flash memory inside the case
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Flash memory card
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a small card that contains one or more flash memory chips (similar to SSDs and USB flash drives)
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Cloud computing
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involves accessing software and storage services from the Internet
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involves accessing software and storage services from the Internet
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Binary system
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Internet speed is measured in this type of unit.
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Megabits per second
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An internal hard disk drive is usually referred to by this drive letter in a standalone PC
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c
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Solid-state drives use this type of technology.
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Flash memory
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System software
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includes the operating system that is designed to work with the hardware as well as a set of utility programs -operating system (OS) program: provides the user interface that allows you to work with the computer, manages all of the hardware resources, and provides the platform for managing files and application programs
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Booting
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starting a computer -cold boot: turning on a computer that has been shut off -warm boot: restarting a computer without turning off the power -kernel: the core of the OS that manages memory, devices, and programs and assigns resources
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Functions
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Providing a User Interface -user interface (UI): the means with which you interact with the computer -graphical user interface (GUI): presents visual images that you tap or click to tell the OS what you want to do -command-line interface: where you type commands on the keyboard at a prompt to tell the OS what to do
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Functions
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Managing Application Programs and Memory, and Coordinating the Flow of Data -virtual memory: the hard disk space allocated to store RAM contents
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Functions
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Configuring Hardware and Peripheral Devices -drivers: small computer programs that contain the instructions the OS uses to communicate and route data to/from a device -Plug and Play: when you plug in a new device, the OS searches the device for the driver, loads it, and displays a message when the device is ready to use
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Functions
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Providing a File System -the OS keeps track of the files stored on a computer's storage devices and provides tools for managing those files
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Functions
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Software Updates and Security -software often needs to be updated as program fixes, security enhancements, and new or modified device drivers become available
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Computing platform
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the combination of hardware architecture and software design that allows applications to run -When you purchase a new computing device, an operating system is preinstalled so that the device will work when you turn it on
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Windows:
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created by Microsoft Corporation; the most popular operating system
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Mac OS
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a proprietary OS created by Apple, Inc
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UNIX
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an operating system that has been around since the late 1960s and is designed for servers
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Linux
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created by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and is based on UNIX -open source program: the source code is available to the public and can be freely modified or customized
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the operating system?
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b
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This term describes the process of automatically installing a device driver when new hardware is plugged into the computer
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d
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Which of the following is NOT one of the popular operating systems for standalone computers?
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a
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Linux is based on which other operating system?
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c
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Mobile operating system
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an operating system designed specifically for a mobile device -apps: small application programs managed by a mobile OS -the OS is stored on a ROM chip -designed to manage hardware and applications with less memory than a personal computer operating system, yet runs fast and efficiently -often manages input from a touchscreen and/or voice command and routes data to/from wireless connections including web browsing
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Android
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the OS is based on Linux, making it an open source OS -currently enjoys the highest market share for mobile devices -Open Handset Alliance: a consortium of several mobile technology companies of which Google is a member -Android Open Source Project (AOSP): led by Google and maintains and develops Android
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iOS
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developed by Apple as the mobile operating system for its iPhone, iPod Touch, and iPad
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BlackBerry OS
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developed by Research in Motion (RIM) as the operating system designed for BlackBerry devices
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Windows Phone
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developed by Microsoft as the mobile operating system that replaced its earlier OS, Windows Mobile, which was used on Windows smartphones -live tiles stream updates to the user's mail, calendar, and web apps
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Embedded operating system
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smaller and interacts with fewer resources to perform specific tasks fast and reliably
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Windows Embedded
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a family of operating systems based on the familiar Windows operating system designed for use in a variety of devices
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Embedded Linux
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applications that can be found running smart appliances, in-flight entertainment systems, personal navigation systems, and a variety of other consumer and commercial electronics
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Android
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an operating system based on Linux and is a popular choice for electronic devices beyond smartphones such as tablets, set-top boxes, and netbooks
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Cloud operating systems
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operating systems that operate like a virtual desktop web-based operating systems: not true operating systems (such as Windows) because you still need a standalone operating system on the computer you are using to access the web browser
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Chrome OS
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Google's Chrome OS is a Linux-based operating system available on specific hardware called Chromebooks
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This mobile operating system currently enjoys the highest market share.
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Android
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This mobile operating system displays a live tile interface.
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Windows Phone
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This term describes an operating system designed for a device that performs a specific task, such as an ATM or a GPS.
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Embedded operating system
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This term describes an operating system that operates like a virtual desktop where you access all files and applications using a web browser.
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Cloud operating system
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Windows Explorer:
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the file manager in Windows 7
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File Explorer
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the file manager in Windows 8
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Folder
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: a placeholder name for the location where you want to store related files
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Disk Cleanup
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a Windows utility that allows you to scan a particular storage device or drive to select various types of files to be deleted
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Fragmentation
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the clusters needed for a document are not stored adjacent to each other
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Disk defragmenter
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rearranges the fragmented files back together to improve file retrieval speed and efficiency
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Backup utility:
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a program that allows you to back up selected files or an entire disk to a removable storage medium
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Restore utility:
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open if you need to copy files from backup storage to a disk drive to recover the original state of the files
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Action Center:
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a good place to begin when something is not working
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System Restore:
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a way for you to turn back the clock to when the computer was functioning normally
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Help and Support:
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operating systems offer extensive help and support that you can search to find answers to most questions and issues
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This utility program is used to remove unwanted files from your computer
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Disk Cleanup
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This utility program is used to increase disk efficiency by rearranging files that have been split up.
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Disk Defragmenter
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Open this window to view messages that describe issues the OS has detected.
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Action Center
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You can undo a recent change made to your computer, such as installing a new driver, by opening this window.
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System Restore
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iCloud
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The interface may look and feel like a traditional desktop, but your settings, documents, pictures, contacts, and other files are stored in the cloud. This means you can access the objects from any device anywhere you have an Internet connection. The appeal of these systems is that extra software for applications does not have to be installed and the ability to synchronize documents among multiple devices seamlessly is worthwhile as more people use multiple computers.
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Productivity software:
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the group of software programs used in the workplace to efficiently perform a wide variety of business-related tasks - generally includes word processing (working with text), spreadsheets (calculating and managing numbers), presentations (slide shows), and database management (keeping track of data) - software suite or productivity suite: a group of productivity software applications that are bundled together
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Word processing application:
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software used to create documents containing mostly text
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Features of word processing programs generally include:
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text formatting options to change the typestyle, color, size, and style of text called fonts and font attributes bold, underline, italic, and other text effects such as shadow and strikethrough spelling and grammar checking as well as synonyms from a thesaurus paragraph alignment options, spacing, tabs, indents, borders, and shading page numbering, margins, columns, and page breaks for formatting pages bulleted or numbered lists, tables, images, charts, and other graphics footnotes, endnotes, captions, and citations pre-formatted templates for cover pages, reports, letters, and other documents standard documents and labels for a mailing collaboration tools such as track changes, comments, share, and compare
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Spreadsheet application:
answer
a software program which primarily involves numbers that may be organized, calculated, and charted
question
Features of spreadsheet programs generally include:
answer
pre-programmed functions for advanced formulas such as those used in mathematics statistics, finance, expressing the date, and logic analysis formatting options for text and numbers to change typestyle, color, size, alignment, and numeric options sorting and filtering options to organize large blocks of data various chart styles and options to graph data multiple worksheets for grouping, consolidating, and managing data shapes and other graphics to enhance a worksheet's appearance page layout and format options for printing large worksheets tools to perform what-if analysis collaboration tools such as track changes, comments, and share
question
Presentation application
answer
software that allows you to organize, describe, explain, and illustrate key points, facts, figures, messages, or ideas
question
Features of spreadsheet programs generally include:
answer
several slide layouts for arrangement of titles and content predesigned presentation designs and themes for backgrounds, colors, fonts, and effects formatting options to change typestyle, color, size, and alignment of content pictures, clipart, photos, shapes, charts, tables, and other graphics sound and video media options slide transition and animation schemes to enhance presentations options for customizing presentation slide shows collaboration tools such as track changes, comments, and share
question
Database management application:
answer
a software program that organizes and keeps track of large amounts of data
question
Features of database applications generally include:
answer
tables for designing the structure of data in columns (called fields) and rows (called records) forms for entering and maintaining data in a user-friendly interface queries for extracting and displaying data by criteria reports for printing or displaying data with rich text formatting options the ability to join related tables for queries and reports that extract data from multiple objects
question
Personal information management (PIM) software:
answer
software such as Microsoft Outlook that allows you to organize one's messages, schedule, contacts, and tasks
question
Accounting software application:
answer
used to record and report financial information related to assets, liabilities, equity, revenue, and expenses
question
Project management software
answer
used to manage large projects that need several resources and are to be completed on a schedule and within a budget
question
Document management system (DMS)
answer
a program that manages the creation, storage, retrieval, history, and eventual disposal of information stored in a central repository
question
Enterprise resource planning (ERP)
answer
a software solution designed for large-scale organizations
question
Which of the following applications is NOT generally included in a productivity suite?
answer
Tax preparation
question
This software application included with a productivity suite is used for organizing, storing, and maintaining large amounts of data.
answer
Database management
question
A business will use this type of application to keep a project on time and on budget.
answer
Project management
question
Outlook is an example of this type of application.
answer
Personal information management
question
Graphics software
answer
programs for creating, editing, and manipulating drawings, photos, clip art, and scanned images
question
Desktop publishing softwa
answer
an application that incorporates text, graphics, and the use of colors for creating high-quality documents
question
Multimedia software
answer
programs that use text and images with video, audio, and animations to create engaging and interactive applications
question
Web authoring software
answer
programs designed to create content to be provided via the Internet
question
Photo editing software
answer
used by photographers and others to edit pictures and add special effects and text to pictures taken with a digital camera
question
Desktop publishing (DTP) software
answer
used for producing a print-based document for professional publications
question
Animation software
answer
used to create images or objects that have movement or otherwise interact with users
question
Video editing software
answer
provides tools to create videos referred to as clips
question
Audio recording and editing software:
answer
includes tools for recording and editing music, sound clips, and podcasts
question
Web authoring software:
answer
provides tools for individuals to create and manage all of the pages and external resources for a website by working in either Design view or Code view
question
Note-taking software:
answer
used to store, organize, search, and share notes of any type
question
Personal finance software:
answer
used to keep track of a checking or savings account and personal investments
question
Tax preparation software:
answer
guides you through the completion of the complex forms required to file your income taxes with the government
question
Legal software:
answer
helps you prepare legal documents such as wills, contracts, leases, loan agreements, and living trusts
question
Hobby software applications:
answer
can use to pursue your favorite leisure activities
question
Entertainment software:
answer
includes programs for playing interactive games and videos
question
Educational software:
answer
designed for children and adults to learn about subjects such as math, spelling, grammar, geography, and history are available as interactive references or games
question
Reference software:
answer
programs use multimedia tools to provide rich content information in encyclopedias, dictionaries, translation guides, atlases, and other reference resources
question
This type of software is used to create images with movement.
answer
Animation software applicati
question
Adobe Dreamweaver is an application used for this type of work.
answer
Web authoring
question
This is the note-taking software application published by Microsoft.
answer
OneNote
question
This type of software is used to mmanage personal investments.
answer
Personal finance
question
Web-based applications
answer
the main advantage is that you have access to the software application and your documents from any location at which you have an Internet connection
question
Packaged software
answer
can be purchased at a retailer store or from several e-commerce websites
question
Shareware:
answer
software is available to download for a free trial period
question
Freeware:
answer
software can be downloaded and installed at no cost and without restrictions
question
Open source software
answer
generally available for free and downloaded from a website
question
Subscription software
answer
purchased from cloud computing providers who generally charge a monthly fee per user for access to the provider's software and storage services
question
Software License Agreements (SLAs) or End User License Agreements (EULAs):
answer
license agreements that vary by software publisher
question
Which of the following is NOT a cloud-based productivity suite?
answer
OpenOffice
question
IBM's Lotus Symphony productivity suite is based on this open source application.
answer
OpenOffice
question
This type of software is made available for a trial period after which a license fee is paid to unlock the software.
answer
Shareware
question
Open this window on a Windows-compatible computer to remove a software application that you no longer use.
answer
Control Panel
question
Mobile applications (apps)
answer
a different edition of software that is designed specifically for mobile use
question
Built-in apps:
answer
Apple, Android, BlackBerry, and Windows smartphones and tablets come equipped with several built-in apps
question
Mobile Productivity Apps:
answer
allow you to view, edit, and create spreadsheets and documents on your smartphon
question
This is the name of the mobile application of Microsoft Office
answer
Microsoft Office Mobile
question
Typically, a smartphone is preinstalled with built-in apps for everything except which type of software?
answer
Hobby apps
question
Social media
answer
a term used to describe any online tool in which users generate content and interact with others
question
Social networking website
answer
a website that provides tools for people to connect with groups of people and interact
question
Facebook:
answer
one of the most popular social networking sites used by people who want to connect with friends and family
question
Google+:
answer
sign in at Google+ with your Gmail account or create a new account - circles: in Google+, people or websites that you connect with are organized into categories called circles
question
LinkedIn
answer
a professional network where you connect with your business contacts - the most visited business-related social network
question
Social bookmarking
answer
provides tools with which you can organize, store, and share content with others - bookmarks: links that are saved in your social network so that you have access to them from anywhere and can share the links - Bookmarks are created by tagging a website - tag: a keyword that you assign to the content to describe or categorize the photo, article, or item from a web page
question
Bookmarklets
answer
allow you to bookmark the page instantly by clicking the icon
question
Pinterest:
answer
a virtual pinboard where people pin pictures of things they have seen on the Internet that they like and want to share using the Pin It button
question
StumbleUpon:
answer
you can browse recommended web pages and save the pages you like to your profile
question
Delicious:
answer
used to save and share links to pages on the Web that have articles, pictures, videos, blogs, or some other content that you want to bookmark
question
Google+ organizes your contacts into categories referred to as __________.
answer
Circles
question
This website is the most visited business-related social network.
answer
LinkedIn
question
This is the term that refers to a social network used to save and share links.
answer
Social bookmarking
question
Pinterest is this type of social networking website.
answer
Social Bookmarking
question
Media sharing:
answer
websites used to share, view, and download photos, videos, music, and presentations - Sharing media using social sharing sites allows you to publish, collaborate, and distribute content to several people more easily than sending files or links as message attachments
question
YouTube:
answer
owned by Google and is the most popular video sharing website in the world viral videos: video clips that spread quickly via forwarded or shared links or word-of-mouth
question
Flickr:
answer
a dedicated photo sharing website
question
Last.fm
answer
a music sharing website used by music fans who want to share their music discoveries or search for new music artists
question
Instagram:
answer
a popular free app for sharing photos from your iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch, or Android phone
question
Blogs
answer
journals posted on a website with the most recent entry at the top of the page
question
Blogosphere:
answer
the collection of all of the blogs on the Web
question
Blogging:
answer
writing and maintaining a blog
question
Blog posts:
answer
entries in a blog
question
Blogger:
answer
the individual who writes the blog content
question
WordPress
answer
a blog hosting website that uses the WordPress open source blogging software
question
Google's Blogger
answer
another popular choice for creating a blog
question
Microblogging hosting services
answer
a few blog services such as Twitter and Tumblr - microblog: a blog that restricts posts to a smaller amount of text than a traditional blog - microbloggers: typically post about what they are doing, where they are, what they are thinking about at the moment, or links to interesting content they have seen on the Web
question
Twitter:
answer
by far the most popular microblog with posts limited to 140 characters or less - tweet: a post in Twitter - hashtag symbol (#): precedes a keyword or topic (with no space) in a tweet to categorize messages
question
YouTube is referred to as this type of website.
answer
Media sharing
question
This is the name of a popular app for smartphones that you use to share photos
answer
Instagram
question
Which of the following is NOT a blog hosting website?
answer
StumbleUpon
question
This blog hosting website is owned by Google.
answer
Blogger
question
Wiki
answer
a website with wiki software that allows anyone to create and edit content at the website This type of open content is used for collaboration and knowledge sharing Wikis that provide encyclopedic or other reference content have people that monitor postings to make sure entries are well written and accurate
question
Wikipedia
answer
most used online encyclopedia that is owned by the not-for-profit Wikimedia Foundation Wikipedia Sandbox: where new contributors are encouraged to post a test edit
question
wikiHow
answer
a how-to instruction manual website - contains more than 140,000 how-to articles - the mission of the website is to \"build the world's largest, highest quality, how-to manual\"
question
This is the software used at websites where the content is generated by users.
answer
Wiki software
question
This website posts articles with how-to instructions that are created by users.
answer
wikiHow
question
Coffee Groundz was profiled in this chapter as a business that uses this social network to accept takeout orders.
answer
Twitter
question
Southwest Airlines was profiled in this chapter for its use of this type of social media to promote brand loyalty.
answer
Blogging
question
Unauthorized access:
answer
using a computer, network, or other resource without permission
question
Hacker:
answer
an individual who accesses a network without permission - hacking: activities involved in gaining unauthorized entry into a network's resources - white hats: hackers with good intentions that attempt to pinpoint weaknesses in network security - black hats: hackers who gain unauthorized access with malicious intent to steal data or for other personal gain
question
War driving
answer
an individual with a portable computing device who drives around trying to connect to someone else's unsecured wireless network
question
Piggybacking
answer
connecting to someone else's wireless network without the network owner's intent or consent to provide access
question
Unauthorized use:
answer
using a computer, network, or other resource for purposes other than the intended uses - Unauthorized use can occur when an employee uses the employer's computer for activities such as: -- personal emails -- personal printing -- personal online shopping
question
Strong password
answer
a password that is difficult to hack by humans or password detection software programs
question
Biometric devices:
answer
authenticate a person's identity using physical characteristics such as a fingerprint, iris scan, or voice recognition
question
Firewall:
answer
hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software that blocks unwanted access to your network
question
Encryption:
answer
scrambles communications between devices so that the data is not readable
question
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) and WPA2
answer
more recent security standards that authenticate users and employ sophisticated encryption techniques
question
Intrusion detection software
answer
analyzes network traffic for suspicious data and alerts network administrators to possible system threats
question
Acceptable use policy (AUP):
answer
written policy that describes for employees, students, or other network users the permitted uses for computing equipment and networks
question
Botnet:
answer
a collection of zombie computers that work together to conduct an attack on another network - zombie computer: a computer that is connected to the Internet and is controlled by a hacker or other cybercriminal without the owner's knowledge
question
Denial of service attack (DoS):
answer
when a network or web server is overwhelmed with network traffic in the form of a constant stream of bogus emails or other messages to the point that the server's response time becomes slow or shuts down completely
question
A type of hacker that breaks into a computer network to pinpoint network weaknesses is known as a ___________.
answer
White hat
question
Hardware or software that blocks unwanted access to a network is a(n) _____________.
answer
Firewall
question
This term refers to a computer that is controlled by a hacker without the owner's knowledge.
answer
Zombie
question
This type of attack overwhelms a network server with the intent of slowing or shutting down the server.
answer
Denial of service
question
Malware:
answer
any type of malicious software program that is designed to damage, disable, or steal data Malware programs can: - delete files - damage files - steal personal data - track your activities - display pop-up windows or messages - turn your computer into a zombie
question
Virus:
answer
a form of malware that can replicate itself and spread to other media on the infected computer and to other computers on the network - macro virus: a type of virus that is embedded in a document and infects the computer when the user opens the document and enables a macro
question
Worm
answer
a self-replicating program that requires no action on the part of the user to copy itself to another computer on a network
question
Trojan horse
answer
a program that disguises itself as a useful program but then infects your computer with malware when you run the application
question
Rootkit
answer
a program hides on the infected computer and provides a back door for a hacker or other cybercriminal to remotely monitor or take over control of the PC -- back door: way to bypass computer security - Using the remote access, the hacker or cybercriminal can run damaging programs or steal personal information
question
Antivirus program:
answer
programs that allow you to schedule automatic scans to run on a regular basis - most programs are also set to scan all incoming emails automatically
question
Identity theft
answer
occurs when an individual's personal information is obtained by a criminal who then uses the information to buy products or services under the victim's name or otherwise pose as the victim for financial gain -a growing area of cybercrime
question
Phishing:
answer
activities that appear to be initiated by a legitimate organization (such as one's bank) in an attempt to obtain personal information that can be used in fraud, theft, or identity theft
question
Pharming:
answer
the individual is tricked into entering personal information at a phony website that appears to be the real website -- spoofing: a sender's email address is altered to a phony address that appears legitimate to the email recipient, or an IP address is altered to appear to be a trusted source
question
Clickjacking:
answer
a button, graphic, or link on a web page appears to be real but, when clicked, causes malicious software to run
question
This type of virus is often embedded in a Microsoft Office document.
answer
Macro virus
question
This type of virus is hidden from the owner and allows the computer to be controlled remotely.
answer
Rootkit virus
question
This term describes activities that appear to be from legitimate organizations but that have malicious intent.
answer
Phishing
question
A phony button, graphic, or link on a website is used for ______________.
answer
Clickjacking
question
Information privacy:
answer
the right of individuals or organizations to control the information that is collected about them
question
Cookie:
answer
a small text file sent by a web server to be stored on your computer's hard disk that contains data about you such as your user name and the pages you visited
question
Spyware
answer
software programs that exist on your computer without your knowledge and track your activities -- keystroke logger (or keylogger): may be activated as part of a rootkit or Trojan horse that records every keystroke you type and sends it back to a cybercriminal
question
Adware:
answer
software programs responsible for pop-up ads that appear on your desktop or while viewing web pages
question
Spam
answer
electronic junk mail—unsolicited emails sent to a large group of people at the same time
question
Twitter bots
answer
software programmed to follow people based on popular keywords
question
Transport Layer Security (TLS):
answer
encrypts transmitted data so that the data is unreadable if intercepted
question
Mobile malware
answer
viruses designed for mobile devices -- Make sure all mobile devices, including tablets and smartphones, have mobile security software to prevent malware infections
question
This is a small text file placed on your hard drive after visiting a website.
answer
Cookie
question
This type of spyware records everything you type.
answer
Keylogger
question
Bluetooth range is approximately _____ feet
answer
30
question
Viruses designed for a notebook, tablet, or smartphone are referred to by this term.
answer
Mobile malware
