DAN Review – Flashcards
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Duty of care is an obligation to provide assistance regardless of training (T/F)
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False
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To avoid legal problems, always ask a patient or a minor's parent or guardian for his ______ before you provide first aid this may be done by stating:
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Permission; "My name is blank, and I am a first-aid provider. May I help you? "
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Anxiety is a normal response in an emergency (T/F)
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True
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If a rescue or experiences emotional distress, relieve may be achieved by
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A critical incident debriefing and professional counseling
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Hypoxia is a condition of low oxygen supply (T/F)
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True
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And absence of oxygen may
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Cause cell death or unconsciousness and is known as anoxia
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Gas exchange takes place at the
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alveolar capillary membrane
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The respiratory system does not include what?
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heart
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The circulatory system does not include what?
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Mouth
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The nervous system consists of the
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Brain, spinal cord, and nerves
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Neural pathways may be interrupted by
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A stroke, trauma, or decompression illness
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Oxygen is a clear, odorless gas essential to life (T/F)
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True
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The atmospheric air we inhale contains what percent of oxygen?
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21%
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The air we exhale contains about what percent of oxygen?
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16%
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Oxygen is carried throughout the body by what?
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Red blood cells
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Carbon dioxide is...
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A waste product of metabolism
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Nitrogen comprises what percent of atmospheric air?
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78%
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Carbon monoxide is...
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A toxic gas
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Decompression illness includes
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Decompression sickness and air gas embolism
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The most important initial actions in responding to diving accidents are to recognize there is a problem and to administer 100% oxygen (T/F)
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True
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DCS is caused by what?
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Inert gas bubbles in the body
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The primary risk factor of AGE is what?
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Breath hold during descent
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It is important to seek medical evaluation when DCI is suspected because...
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Symptom resolution does not mean DCI is no longer present, symptoms may recur, risk of recurrence may be reduced by hyperbaric treatment
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The most frequent symptoms of DCI include...
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Pain, numbness, fatigue, constitutional symptoms, dizziness, and motor weakness
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Initial DCS symptoms...
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Typically occur within six hours of servicing, may be delayed up to 24 hours
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AGE symptoms...
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Occur within 15 minutes of the time of injury
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Returning to diving following DCI should be done with a physician knowledgeable in a dive medicine (T/F)
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True
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The OSHA blood borne pathogen's standard exist to...
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Ensure safe and healthful conditions for work men and women, set and enforce standards, provide training, out reach, education, and assistance guidelines
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Disease transmission occurs when what is present?
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Infectious pathogen, sufficient quantity of the pathogen, exposure to a susceptible host, site of entry for mechanism of transmission
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Disease transmission can be prevented by what?
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Personal protective equipment, handwashing, engineering controls
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If you think you may have been exposed to a blood-borne pathogen you should:
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Milk it to make it bleed and report it according to your organizations emergency action plan
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Zoonosis is a generic term describing diseases transmitted from vertebrate animals to humans (T/F)
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True
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Specialized training is required when diving in contaminated water (T/F)
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True
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Essential equipment to have available at every dive site includes what?
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Oxygen unit, first aid kit, emergency action plan
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Emergency action plans should include what?
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Local resources and emergency phone numbers, communication, method of documents and information about injured divers and first aid provided
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Hyperbaric chambers will always be available to treat injured divers (T/F)
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False
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Moving someone should be limited to times of emergency or when the current location places the victim at risk of further injury (T/F)
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True
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The rescuer should consider which of the following body mechanics when lifting?
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Keep back straight and head normal, bend only from hips, lift with legs
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Potential hazards that should prompt caution when approaching the scene of an accident include what?
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Fire, animals, electricity, gas, and traffic
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The S-A-F-E pneumonic helps us remember...
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Scene safety assessment and to use personal protective equipment
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Personal protective equipment is a critical part of keeping yourself safe providing care (T/F)
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True
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Protective equipment includes what?
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Non-late text gloves, eye shields, resuscitation masks
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When removing gloves after providing first aid, it is important to keep the outer surface of the club from touching your skin (T/F)
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True
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Any breath sounds at all are considered normal (T/F)
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False
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Placing an unconscious, breathing victim in the recovery position is important to maintain an open airway and to minimize the potential of blood and vomit to cause obstruction (T/F)
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True
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Persons with back or neck injuries should not be placed in the recovery position (T/F)
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True
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Prompt medical intervention may reduce the possibility of permanent disability (T/F)
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True
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F-A-S-T stands for
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Facial droop, arms, speech, time
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And emergency action plan should be activated...
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As soon as you suspect a neurological injury
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S-A-M-P-L-E is a pneumonic to assist with...
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Obtaining information about an injured diver
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What is not one of the areas evaluated during a neurological assessment?
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Range of motion
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Mental function evaluates what?
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Orientation to person, place, time, event, memory, speech, comprehension and computational skills
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What is not a part of the cranial nerves evaluation?
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Grip strength
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Motor functions maybe classified as normal, evidence of weakness, or paralysis (T/F)
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True
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The Rhomberg test assesses what?
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Balance
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The primary goal of delivering the highest concentration of oxygen possible to an injured diver is to facilitate inert gas wash out and improve oxygen delivery to compromised tissues (T/F)
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True
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Providing a high concentration of oxygen to an insured driver may provide what benefits?
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Accelerate and her gas in the nation, reduce bubble size, and his oxygen delivery to tissues, reduce swelling
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Symptoms of nonfatal drowning may include what?
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Difficulty of breathing, abdominal distention, and chest pain
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As a first responder to a non-fatal drowning, your role is to what?
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Monitor vital signs, provide supplemental oxygen, transport to the nearest medical facility
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The percentage of oxygen delivered when using a demand valve is influenced by what?
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Mask fit and seal
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In remote areas, the priority and oxygen delivery is what?
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To maximize the highest inspired fraction of oxygen
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Oxygen toxicity, whether CNS or pulmonary, is not a concern for oxygen first aide to an injured diver (T/F)
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True
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Oxygen is one element of the fire triangle (T/F)
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True
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Risks of handling oxygen can be reduced by what?
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Keeping the oxygen units free of hydrocarbons found in oils and lubricants that are often found on dive boats, opening the cylinders slowly, keeping the cylinder away from the heat of the sun
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Safety precautions to implement when using oxygen cylinders include what?
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Not allowing any oil or grease to come in contact with the cylinder, not exposing the cylinder to high temperatures or allowing smoking flames around the oxygen, providing adequate ventilation when using oxygen, only using equipment made for use with oxygen
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Methods of obtaining oxygen fills may include what?
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Prescription and documentation of training oxygen delivery
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Oxygen cylinders may be filled with industrial grade oxygen (T/F)
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False
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Oxygen delivery systems are comprised of what?
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First aid kits, barriers, oxygen cylinders, pressure reducing regulators
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To considerations when choosing an oxygen cylinder or distance to emergency care and size of the cylinder (T/F)
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True
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Email function regulator is preferred an emergency oxygen for scuba diving injuries because it can provide emergency oxygen of two injured divers at the same time (T/F)
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True
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An oxygen cylinder should be switch during care when the pressure drops below 200 psi if another cylinder is available; if another cylinder is not available, use a cylinder until it is empty (T/F)
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True
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Oxygen cylinders are subject to periodic visual and hydrostatic testing (T/F)
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True
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What country's oxygen cylinders are green?
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United States
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What country's oxygen cylinders are white?
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Europe and Canada
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What country's oxygen cylinders are black with a white shoulder?
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New Zealand, United Kingdom, Australia
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I demand Val flows only when the injured diver and inhales, allowing the oxygen to last longer (T/F)
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True
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The initial flow rate for constant flow oxygen delivery is what?
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10-15 Ipm
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Which mask has a constant flow that is recommended when treating mod afghan one injured dived?
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Non rebreather
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What will provide the highest concentration of oxygen to more than one injured diver?
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Multifunction regulator
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What will deliver 100% oxygen?
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Demand inhalator valve
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Hey breathing, responsive injured diver should be placed in a position of comfort or the recovery position (T/F)
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True
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And unresponsive, breeding diver should be placed in...
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The recovery position
