CWL Letter C Part 1 – Flashcards

adv / SkabETshBn / F in convex form highly polished but not faceted. The jeweler cut the stone cabochon and mounted it in a platinum setting.

n / SkabrGTPl / F [Note: Could be confused with capriole.] a ballet leap in which one leg is extended in mid-air and the other struck against it. The dancers dressed as wood sprites performed a cabriole in every measure of the music.

v / Skash / L > F [has homonym: cash] place or store in safety or concealment. Jim asked Zelda to cache his valuables while he was on sabbatical in Japan.

n / kaSshC / F a characteristic feature or quality conferring prestige or distinction or inspiring respect. Acting in a hit TV sitcom does not carry the same cachet as acting in a hit movie.

intransitive verb ?ka-k?-?n?t inflected form(s): -ed/-ing/-s : to laugh usually loudly or convulsively — cach·in·na·tion ?ka-k?-?n?-sh?n (audio pronunciation) noun, plural -s Origin of CACHINNATE Latin cachinnatus, past participle of cachinnare; probably of imitative origin like Old English ceahhetan to laugh loudly Old High German kachazzen, Greek kachazein to laugh loudly, Sanskrit kakhati he laughs First Known Use: 1824 (intransitive sense)

n / TkakESnCshEn / L the act or action of laughing loudly or convulsively. The cachinnation of the comedy club's audience convinced the comedian that he was on his way to becoming a star.

n / kaSkBgrEfG / Gk bad handwriting. Martin's cacography made his work illegible.

n / kaSkBfEnG / Gk harsh or discordant sound. Spot's encounter with the skunk was accompanied by a burst of cacophony.

adjective ka-?kyü-m?-n?l, k?- : retroflex Origin of CACUMINAL International Scientific Vocabulary cacumin- (from Latin cacumin-, cacumen top, point) + -al First Known Use: 1862

n / kESdavE(r) / L a dead human or animal body usually intended for cutting so as to expose the several parts and their locations and connections. Duncan dissected a cadaver in anatomy class.

noun ?k?-d?n(t)s plural cadences 1 a : a rhythmic sequence or flow of sounds in language; specifically : a particular rhythmic sequence distinctive of an individual author or literary composition b : the beat or meter of any rhythmical motion or activity: such as (1) : a rhythm played by drums for marching (2) : a rhythmic chant sung while marching or jogging especially by a military group — called also jody c : a sequence of motions, colors, or events 2 a : a falling inflection of the voice in reading or speaking (as at the end of a sentence) b : a melodic and harmonic progression moving to the close of a musical phrase or larger unit and conveying a sense of completion — called also close, harmonic close 3 a : the modulated and rhythmic recurrence of any sound, especially the sounds of nature (as of waves or wind) b : the general or a characteristic rhythmic modulation of the voice 4 a : the rising or falling order of strong, long, or stressed syllables and weak, short, or unstressed syllables — compare arsis, ionic, meter b : an unmetrical or irregular arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables in prose or free verse based on natural stress groups Illustration of CADENCE Origin of CADENCE Middle English, from Old Italian cadenza, from cadere to fall (from Latin) + enza -ence; in senses other than 1, probably mostly from Middle French or French cadence, from Old Italian cadenza — more at chance First Known Use: 14th century (sense 1a)

n / SkB(T)drC / L ; It ; F a nucleus or core group especially of trained personnel or active members of an organization who are capable of assuming leadership or of training and indoctrinating others. Its highly skilled cadre of managers enabled the company to achieve great success in its first year.

n / kESd(y)Vs(h)GEs / Gk ; L a conventionalized representation of a staff with two snakes curled around it and with two wings at the top. In Greek mythology the caduceus was the staff of Hermes, the messenger of the gods.

n / TkafEStirGE / Turk ; Sp a self-service restaurant or lunchroom. On the last day of school the students had a food fight in the cafeteria.

n / SkCTsBn / L ; F a two-wheeled vehicle for artillery ammunition attachable to a horse- drawn limber for marching. A caisson is sometimes used to carry the coffin in a military funeral.

n / SkCZDf / L ; F ; E a base despicable person. The story centers on Batman's encounters with a psychotic caitiff, the Riddler.

transitive verb k?-?j?l inflected form(s): -ed/-ing/-s 1 a : to persuade with deliberate flattery especially in the face of reasonable objection or reluctance : coax b : to obtain (an object or a favor) from someone by cajoling : wheedle 2 : to deceive with soothing words or false promises — ca·jol·er noun, plural ca·jol·ers Origin of CAJOLE French cajoler to chatter like a jay, cajole, probably blend of Middle French gaioler to chatter like a jay in a cage (from Old North French gaiole birdcage, from Late Latin caveola, diminutive of Latin cavea cage) and Middle French cage — more at cage First Known Use: 1630 (sense 1a)

n / kESjPl(E)rG / F use of delusive enticements. After much cajolery, the kitten finally came down from the tree.

n / SkalETbash / Ar? > Sp&F the common bottle gourd. A calabash with a hole cut in it makes a dandy birdhouse.

n / kESlCdGEm / Malay > L any of a small genus of tropical American plants with variously colored arrow-shaped leaves. Julie delivered a potted caladium to her sick cousin.

noun,often attributive ?ka-l?-?m?n, -m?n plural -s 1 obsolete a British : smithsonite b : hemimorphite c : hydrozincite 2 : an alloy of zinc, lead, and tin formerly used for coating iron to prevent oxidation 3 : a pink powder consisting of a mixture of zinc oxide with a small amount of ferric oxide used in lotions, liniments, and ointments in skin treatment Origin of CALAMINE French, from Medieval Latin calamina, alteration of Latin cadmia, Greek kadmeia, literally, Cadmean (earth), Theban (earth) First Known Use: 15th century (sense 1)

noun k?-?la-m?-t? plural -es 1 : a state of deep distress or misery connected with major misfortune or loss 2 : an extraordinarily grave event marked by great loss and lasting distress and affliction Origin of CALAMITY Middle French calamité, from Latin calamitat-, calamitas; akin to Latin incolumis unharmed, Greek kolobos docked — more at halt (lame) First Known Use: 15th century (sense 1)

n / SkalsGEm / L a soft, silver-white bivalent metallic element that occurs in combination with minerals and rocks. Calcium is an essential element in bones.

v / SkalkyETlCt / L ascertain or determine by mathematical processes especially of some intricacy. Toriko likes to calculate her car's gas mileage after every trip.

n / SkalkyETlCZE(r) / L ; E + Ecf a device used for computing amounts. Mr. Jensen permitted each student to use a calculator during the exam.

adj / SkalkyElETfOrm / L ; ISV shaped like a pebble. In the Mayan writing system, the characters were rounded like pebbles and so were described as being calculiform.

adj / TkalESfCshEnt / L making warm : heating. A calefacient ointment relieved some of Dave's muscular pain.

noun ?ka-l?n-d?r plural -s 1 : a system by which the beginning, length, and divisions of the civil year are fixed and by which days and longer divisions of time (as weeks, months, and years) are arranged in a definite order — see gregorian calendar, julian calendar, month table 2 a : a tabular register of days according to a system usually covering one year, referring the days of each month to the days of the week, often giving also important astronomical data, and sometimes indicating the dates of ecclesiastic festivals, holidays, and other events connected with particular days b : almanac; especially : one giving agricultural information (as dates most suitable for planting a particular crop) 3 obsolete : an example to be followed : model 4 : an orderly list of persons, things, or events: such as a : a chronological register of documents with a brief summary of the contents of each, made to serve as an index to the documents of a period b : a list of cases to be tried in court or of prisoners to be tried with the time and reason for their commitment c : a list of bills, resolutions, or other items in the order in which they are reported out of committee for consideration by a legislative assembly d : a list of events or activities giving dates and details of planned events also : a list of events or the series of events scheduled for a particular period or time e : the whole range of possible variations in any type or category 5 British : a university catalog Origin of CALENDAR Middle English calender, from Anglo-French or Medieval Latin; Anglo-French calender, from Medieval Latin kalendarium, from Latin, moneylender's account book, from kalendae calends — more at calends First Known Use: 13th century (sense 1)

transitive verb ?ka-l?-?br?t inflected form(s): -ed/-ing/-s 1 a obsolete : to ascertain the caliber of (as a thermometer tube) b : to determine or mark the capacity or the graduations of or to rectify the graduations of (as a graduated measuring instrument) c : to standardize (as a measuring instrument) by determining the deviation from standard especially so as to ascertain the proper correction factors 2 : to determine by actual firing the corrections in range or elevation settings required to make (a piece of artillery) fire uniformly with a standard or reference piece 3 : to adjust precisely for a particular function 4 : to measure precisely; especially : to measure against a standard Origin of CALIBRATE caliber + -ate First Known Use: circa 1864 (sense 1a)

n / SkalDTkP / Indian geog name any of various cheap cotton fabrics with figured patterns. Molly's dress was made of a bold orange and yellow checked calico.

adj / kESlijEnEs / F or L dark, obscure. A caliginous sky foreshadowed the approaching storm.

n pl / TkalEsStheniks / Gk + Ecf systematic exercises performed usually in rhythm and often in a group to improve the strength, suppleness, balance, and health of the body. Aunt Julia does calisthenics twice a week in a program called "Body Recall."

noun plural -s : a gymnasium for calisthenics- systematic exercises performed usually in rhythm and often in a group without apparatus or with light hand apparatus to improve the strength, suppleness, balance, and health of the body Origin of CALISTHENIUM calisthenics + -ium (as in gymnasium)

n / kaSlidEZG / L craftiness, cunning, shrewdness. Br'er Rabbit was famous for his callidity.

n / kESligrEfE(r) / Gk one that writes a beautiful, ornamental, or stylized hand. Joni and William had their wedding invitations inscribed by a calligrapher.

n / kESlIE(T)pG / Gk ; L a musical instrument consisting of a series of crude steam or air whistles used on riverboats and in circuses and carnivals. Passengers gathered on the upper deck of the Mississippi Queen to listen to the calliope.

adj / kESlOrik / L ; F of or relating to the heat-producing or energy-producing value of food. Suzy became obsessed with caloric intake while on her crash diet.

noun ?kalk plural -s 1 : a linguistic borrowing that consists of the imitation in one language of some part of the peculiar range of meaning of a particular word in another language 2 : loan translation Origin of CALQUE French, literally, copy, from calquer to trace, from Italian calcare to trace, trample, from Latin, to trample — more at caulk First Known Use: 1937 (sense 1)

n / SkalyETmet / L ; F a highly ornamented ceremonial pipe of the North American Indians that was smoked at sacrifices and other magical or religious rites and on state occasions. After the three chiefs reached agreement, they passed a feathered calumet.

n / Skal(y)EmnG / L a false charge or misrepresentation intended to harm one's reputation : slander. According to Neal, the recent article about him was pure calumny.

n / kalSvishGTGz / L baldness. Larry's calvities is intentional: He shaves his head every morning.

n / kESlip(T)sP / Gk name a balladlike improvisation in African rhythm usually satirizing current events first composed and sung in competition in the British West Indies. Harry Belafonte gained fame as a singer of calypso.

n / SkamETlGn / Sem ; Gk ; L a twilled camel's-hair fabric. Jordan bought a new overcoat made of cameline to wear with his dress suits.

n / SkamGTP / L > F > It a small theatrical or film role usually performed by a well-known actor and often limited to a single scene. The producer was grateful that the star accepted a cameo in his new film.

noun,often attributive ?kam-r?, ?ka-m?-r? plural -s 1 plural also cam·er·ae ?ka-m?-?r?, -?r? : a chamber, room, or small hall: such as a : a room having a vaulted or domical ceiling b : a judge's chamber 2 : the treasury department of the papal curia 3 a [New Latin, by shortening] : camera obscura b : a device that consists of a lightproof chamber with an aperture fitted with a lens and a shutter through which the image of an object is projected onto a surface for recording (as on film) or for translation into electrical impulses (as for television broadcast) — in camera 1 : in the judge's chamber 2 : in private : privately, secretly — on camera : before a live televising camera Origin of CAMERA Late Latin, chamber, room — more at chamber First Known Use: 1633 (sense 1)

n / TkamyESnet / F a small truck or bus. The hotel provides a camionette to shuttle guests to and from the airport.

noun ?ka-m?-?s?l plural -s 1 : a jacket or jersey with sleeves formerly worn by men 2 : a short negligee jacket for women 3 a : an underwaist usually with straight top and shoulder straps and often elaborately trimmed and worn originally to cover a corset but now especially with sheer clothing to camouflage underwear b : a woman's blouse without sleeves but often with shoulder straps and a low neckline 4 : a long-sleeved straitjacket Origin of CAMISOLE French, probably from Old Provençal camisolla, from camisa shirt, from Late Latin camisia First Known Use: 1816 (sense 1)

n / SkamETflBzh / It ; F a disguise, behavior, or expedient adopted or designed to deceive or hide. Behind Jerry's camouflage of ignorance resides a wealth of knowledge.

verb ?ka-m?-?fläzh, -?fläj inflected form(s): -ed/-ing/-s transitive verb : to conceal or disguise by camouflage intransitive verb : to practice camouflage First Known Use of CAMOUFLAGE 1917 (transitive sense)

noun ¦kam?¦fl?r, +V -?r? plural -s : a person employed in camouflaging or skilled in the techniques of camouflage Origin of CAMOUFLEUR French, from camoufler to disguise + -eur -or

n / TkampESnGlG / L > It [Note: Plural form can be pronounced identically.] a bell tower usually freestanding. From the hilltop Obin could just spot the great campanile of Christ Church in Oxford.

n / Skam(p)fE(r) / Malay > Ar > L > AF > E [has near homonym: chamfer] a tough gumlike substance obtained especially from the wood and bark of the camphor tree and used chiefly as a stimulant in medicine. Whenever Johnny has a cold, his mother spreads on his chest an aromatic ointment containing camphor.

adj / kamSpPdGETfOrm / Gk + Gk + L having an elongated and flattened shape—used especially of larvae of some beetles and other higher insects. Cybelle identified one of the five campodeiform larvae.

noun,often attributive ?kam-p?s plural cam·pus·es also cam·pi ?kam-?p?, -?p? (audio pronunciation) 1 a : the grounds and buildings of a university, college, or school b : a particular part of such grounds and buildings; especially : the open grassy area in the center or in a central part of the grounds of a university, college, or school c : a geographically separate part of a university d : a college, school, or division of a university that is complete in itself in having its own faculty and physical facilities but that is linked to the university by a common president and policy-making body 2 : a university, college, or school that is an educational, social, or spiritual entity : the academic world 3 : any grounds that resemble a campus Origin of CAMPUS Latin, plain, field — more at camp First Known Use: 1774 (sense 1a)

n / kESnI / L > It > F mob, rabble, riffraff. During the riot the canaille destroyed and looted many stores.

n / kESnBrd / F a false or unfounded report or story; especially : a fabricated report (as by a newspaper). The report of the famous singer's death turned out to be a canard.

n / kESnerG / L geog name ; Sp ; F a small greenish-yellow finch extensively bred as a cage bird and singer. When the canary escaped in her living room, Susan put her cat outside until she found the bird.

n / kESnastE / L ; Sp a card game that is a form of rummy played usually as a two- hand or as a four-hand partnership game using two full decks plus four jokers. The two couples often played canasta after having dinner together.

adj / kanSselEs / L having a spongy or porous structure. Cancellous tissue occurs at the ends of some bones.

adjective (?)kan¦kriv?r?s, -a?¦- : feeding on crustaceans Origin of CANCRIVOROUS New Latin cancrivorus, from cancr-, cancer crab + -i- + -vorus -vorous — more at cancer

n / TkandESlBbrE / L a usually ornate and often heavy and large standard supporting a candlestick or lamp. In December Stella put red and green candles in her candelabra on the mantle.

n / TkandESlBbrEm / L a large candlestick or a lamp usually ornamented and having several arms or branches. Germaine admired the ornate silver candelabrum in the center of the table.

adj / SkandEnt / L white or glowing usually from great heat. The wire glowed candent like the filament of a light bulb.

adj / kanSdesFnt / L glowing or dazzling often from great heat. A candescent meteorite streaked across the southern sky.

n / Skan(d)DdEsG / L + Ecf the quality or state of being one that is likely or worthy to gain a post, position, or distinction. Tony's candidacy for the student council will be jeopardized if he fails his algebra exam.

n / SkandFlTwik / L > E + E the twisted threads of soft cotton yarn contained in a candle. Victor groped to light the candlewick in the dark.

n / SkandE(r) / L [has near homonym: canter] unreserved, honest, or sincere expression. Russell's candor in dealing with difficult issues won over the voters.

adjective ?k?-?n?n British also ?ka- 1 : of or relating to dogs or to the family Canidae 2 : resembling that of a dog Origin of CANINE Latin caninus, from canis dog + -inus -ine — more at hound First Known Use: 1607 (sense 1)

n / SkanEtDst / L + Ecf one who dyes or tints hair especially in a beauty shop. Polly has been a canitist in a local beauty shop for 25 years.

plural noun ?ka-n?-?l?-n? : tubes especially of pasta filled with a savory stuffing (as of meat) Origin of CANNELLONI Italian, plural of cannellone First Known Use: 1892

noun,often attributive ?ka-n?-b?l plural -s 1 : a human being that eats human flesh — called also anthropophagite 2 : an animal that devours its own kind 3 : one that cannibalizes machines for replacement parts Origin of CANNIBAL New Latin canibalis Carib, from Spanish caníbal, caríbal, from 15th century Arawakan caniba, carib (forms recorded by Columbus in Cuba and Haiti respectively), of Cariban origin; akin to Carib calina, calinago, galibi Caribs, literally, strong men, brave men First Known Use: 1553 (sense 1)

noun ?ka-n?-b?-?li-z?m plural -s 1 : the eating of human flesh by a human being seldom done for nutritional purposes but among cannibals done in conjunction with religious or sacramental rites and usually including the eating of certain organs believed to be the seat of desired virtues or powers — compare endocannibalism 2 a : the eating of the flesh or the eggs of any animal by its own kind b : the eating of human flesh by a lower animal 3 : the pecking and tearing of the live flesh of its own members in a domestic poultry flock — compare peck order 4 : the act or practice of weakening or destroying a competitor or rival 5 : cannibalization 6 : oral sadism First Known Use of CANNIBALISM 1796 (sense 1)

noun ¦ka-n?-¦n?d plural -s 1 : a firing of artillery in considerable quantity for an appreciable length of time 2 a : a loud noise like a cannonade of artillery b : a noisy bombardment (as of questions) Origin of CANNONADE Middle French canonnade cannon shot, modification of Italian cannonata, from cannone cannon + -ata -ade First Known Use: 1562 (sense 1)

adjective ?ka-n? inflected form(s): -er/-est 1 a : foresighted, knowing, wise b : cautious, prudent, wary c : clever, cunning, sly d : frugal, thrifty e : shrewd in worldly affairs : watchful for self-interest : sharp-witted 2 Scottish a : fortunate, lucky b : free from weird qualities or unnatural powers : safe to deal with — used in a negative construction c : wise in supernatural affairs : having occult powers 3 a Scottish : careful, gentle, steady b Scottish : comfortable, cozy, quiet, snug c dialectal, British : agreeable to the eyes or perception : pleasant, worthy — used as a general term of approbation d dialectal, England : considerable especially in extent, number, or amount Origin of CANNY 1can + -y First Known Use: 1596 (sense 1c)

n / kESnVDst / Arawak ; Sp ; L ; F + Ecf one that paddles a type of long narrow boat. Evan became an expert canoeist at summer camp.

noun ?ka-n?-p? plural -es 1 : a covering usually for shelter or protection a : a covering usually of cloth suspended from the four high posts of a bed b : a covering typically of cloth carried on poles above an exalted personage or sacred object : baldachin c : sky d : a temporary or permanent cover providing shelter and decoration (as over a door or window) e : a formation of branches affording a cover of foliage specifically : the uppermost spreading branchy layer of a forest — see understory f : an awning or marquee often stretching from doorway to curb or covering a section of grandstand 2 a : the rooflike construction above the stage of an Elizabethan theater b : a curtained recess at the back of such a stage 3 : an ornamental rooflike structure that provides or suggests shelter and that projects from a wall or is supported by columns 4 : a metal covering used to enclose wiring where an electric fixture protrudes (as from a ceiling) 5 a : the transparent enclosure over an airplane cockpit b : the lifting or supporting surface of a parachute Origin of CANOPY Middle English canope, canape, from Medieval Latin canopeum, canapeum mosquito net, from Latin conopeum, conopium, from Greek k?n?pion, from k?n?ps mosquito, gnat First Known Use: 14th century (sense 1)

adj / kanSta(i)Nk(E)rEs / AF? ; E? + Ecf marked by ill humor, irritability, and determination to disagree. The cantankerous old man yelled at Grady as he attempted to retrieve the football.

noun k?n-?tä-t?, kan-, kän- plural -s 1 : a narrative poem set to recitative or alternate recitative and melody for a single voice accompanied by one or more instruments 2 : a sacred or secular choral composition comprising choruses, solos, recitatives, and interludes, usually accompanied by organ, piano, or orchestra, and arranged in a somewhat dramatic manner but not intended to be acted Origin of CANTATA Italian, from cantare to sing, from Latin — more at chant First Known Use: 1724 (sense 1)

adjective ?kant??t?r? : of or relating to a singer, singing, or especially chanting Origin of CANTATORY Latin cantatus + English -ory

noun (?)kan-¦t?n plural -s 1 a : a sutler's shop connected with a military post for supplying extra provisions, tobacco, or liquors b : post exchange — formerly used as the official designation c chiefly British : a restaurant or refreshment bar provided by an industrial or commercial concern for employees (as in an office building) d : a place of refreshment and recreation maintained by civilians for members of the armed forces e : a temporary or mobile restaurant 2 a : a partitioned chest or box for holding cutlery b : a soldier's mess kit 3 : a flask typically cloth-jacketed for carrying water or other liquids (as by soldiers or campers) Origin of CANTEEN French cantine bottle case, canteen (the shop), from Italian cantina wine cellar, from canto corner, from Latin cantus iron ring round a carriage wheel — more at cant (angle) First Known Use: 1737 (sense 2)

v / SkantE(r) / E geog name [has homonym: cantor] move at or as if at a three-beat gait resembling but smoother and slower than the gallop. Cindy let the horse canter for a while but soon spurred it on to a gallop.

noun,often attributive ?kan-t?-?l?-v?r, -?le- plural -s : a projecting beam or member supported at only one end (as by being built into a wall or a pier): such as a : a bracketlike member supporting a balcony or a cornice — compare bracket b : either of the two beams or trusses that project from piers toward each other and that when joined directly or by a suspended connecting member form a span of a cantilever bridge Origin of CANTILEVER perhaps from 2cant + -i- + lever First Known Use: 1667

noun kan-?t?n-m?nt, -?tän- also-?tün- plural -s 1 : the quartering of troops 2 a : a group of more or less temporary structures for housing troops b India : a permanent military station Origin of CANTONMENT French cantonnement, from cantonner to canton (troops) — more at canton First Known Use: 1753 (sense 2)

n / SkantE(r) / L [has homonym: canter] a synagogue official who sings or chants liturgical music and leads the congregation in prayer. Jacob's vocal talent led him to consider becoming a cantor.

n / SkanvEsE(r) / Gk > L > F > E + Ecf one that takes or counts votes. Helga voluntered as a canvasser for the upcoming election.

adj / kESpCshEs / L able to contain a great deal. Dodie went to the beach carrying a capacious canvas bag.

n / kESparEsEn / Sp > F an ornamental covering for a horse. The king's horse wore an elaborately decorated caparison. capillary adj / SkapETlerG / L resembling a hair : fine, minute, slender. The capillary tubes in the tissue puzzled Dr. Chang.

adj / SkapEZFl / L [Note: The definition provided is not the one most commonly associated with this word. In addition, word has homonym: capitol.] highly meritorious : most enjoyable. On his dad's birthday, Philip served a capital feast, with every dish cleverly wrapped up in ribbons.

adj / TkapEStCZDm / L levied or granted at so much per head. Collecting an affordable capitatim fee for civic pool use will not cover operating costs.

verb k?-?pi-ch?-?l?t inflected form(s): -ed/-ing/-s intransitive verb 1 archaic a : to arrange for bargaining and parleying : treat, negotiate b : to assent to terms arranged or proposed : agree 2 a : to surrender often according to terms agreed on : yield b : to cease withholding, resisting, or contending : acquiesce transitive verb archaic : to arrange in or as if in chapters : draw up under or as if under heads or articles Origin of CAPITULATE Medieval Latin capitulatus, past participle of capitulare to distinguish by heads or chapters, from Late Latin capitulum section, chapter, from Latin, small head First Known Use: 1596 (intransitive sense 1)