CRMJ 301 MIDTERM – Flashcards
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The Chicago School purported that behavior is shaped by:
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social factors
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Researchers from the Chicago School studied:
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life histories, concentric zones, and official data
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The process by which social disorganization affects juveniles and leads to delinquency is known as:
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cultural transmission
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Culture conflict theory was developed primarily by:
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Thorsten Sellin
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Which of the statements below about Park & Burgess' findings on the city is not true?
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None of the above
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Secondary culture conflict refers to:
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conflict between a subculture and a larger culture within which it resides
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Which of the following statements best reflects Shaw & McKay's findings on city areas?
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Rates of delinquency, tuberculosis, and infant mortality decrease as you move away from the central business district
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Which of the statements about the Chicago School in general is false?
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Saw and McKay's theory to explain delinquency in Chicago in the 1930s was known as differential identification theory
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Which of the following is not one of the zones the Chicago School identified in the ecology of the city?
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redevelopment zone
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The best description of the Chicago School theories is
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classical, macro theories, and consensus oriented
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Many believe that Sutherland's theory was heavily influenced by his upbringing, which took place in the _________ part of the country.
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midwestern
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Sutherland's own views were said to be shaped by his early interest in:
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prohibition, the criminalization of drug use, and the Great Depression
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According to Sutherland, differential associations may vary according to each of the following except:
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relativity
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Dan Glaser extended Sutherland's work with his own theory of:
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differential identification
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In forming his theory, Sutherland took into account each of the following except:
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individual responses to to societal reaction vary in sensitivity and vulnerability
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Sutherland borrowed which three major theories from the Chicago School?
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cultural transmission/symbolic interactionism/culture conflict
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Which of the statements below about Sutherland' views is not true?
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Sutherland did not believe that certain locations and people were more crime-prone than others
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Differential association is what type of theory?
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positivist theory
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According to Sutherland, a better term for "social disorganization" is __________
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differential social organization
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Which of the following would Sutherland not support as true?
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Criminal behavior may be inherited
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Members of the Classical School were generally opposed to
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capital punishment
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the classical school is best characterized as
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a structural theory
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deterrence that is designed to make an example of someone to keep the rest of the public from committing crimes is called _________
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general deterrence
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An elaborate schedule of punishments designed to take into account a combination of pleasure, pain, and mitigating circumstances was designed by
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Jeremy Bentham
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Which of the following statements about the Classical School is incorrect?
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The used science to focus on behavior
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Which of the following best represents the characteristics of deterrence according to Classical theorists?
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celerity, certainty, severity
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the definition of ______ is that people in self-interested ways seek to maximize pleasure and avoid pain
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hedonism
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The Classical idea that people limit or restrict their behavior so that in return, the government will protect their rights is known is
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social contract
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which of the following would not be recommended for the criminal justice system by the philosophers of the Classical School in general?
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tolerance for and incorporation of religious doctrines within the law
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which of the following statements about the Classical School is correct?
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persons awaiting trial should not be placed in prisons
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Which of the following is frequently referred to as the "father of sociology?"
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Comte
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Cesare Lombroso's work included which of the following thoughts?
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criminals are not as highly evolved as noncriminal
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which of the following statements about the Positive School is correct?
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the positive theories can be either structural or processual, so no definitive classification is possible
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Lombroso designated three other types of criminals to further differentiate from his "born criminal" that included all of the following except one. Which one is not one of Lombroso's classifications?
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the eugenic criminal
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Which of the following would be of the least possible interest to a positivist-oriented criminologist?
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how laws have changed over time
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Lombroso's name for primitive traits found most common in offenders was:
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atavism
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According to C. Ray Jeffery, __________ are three basic systems that may further produce the total organism (human and criminal behavior)
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genetics, brain structure and function, and learning
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Based on Freeman and associates' 2014 study about the "trustworthy traits," you may assess their work is
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predominantly positive in its orientation
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All of the following are true about positivism except:
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it rejects the idea the human existence can be improved or perfected
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policy implications from the positivist position would include all of the following except?
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determinate sentencing
