Criminology Quiz #4 – Flashcards
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Social control theories generally assume that:
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Conformity, not deviance, must be explained.
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The most important way we exercise control is through the process of socialization.
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True
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While Walter Reckless's containment theory focuses on both internal and external containment, he perceived the external to be the more important of the two.
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False
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Hirschi blamed delinquency on:
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Broken or weakened bond to society
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In Jeffery's social learning theory, the determination of whether behavior will be deviant or conforming depends on:
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Differential Reinforcement
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A criminological learning theory that emphasizes social aspects of reinforcements and punishments is attributable to:
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C. Ray Jeffery
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The social learning theory of Ronald Akers is based on the assumption that:
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The primary learning mechanism in social behavior is operant conditioning
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As Social Control Theories are linked to self-report studies, specifically involving juvenile delinquency, Ration Theories are associated with nation victimization studies, which led to the creation of the Uniform Crime Report (UCR) and the field of victimology.
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True
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There are three major components or areas of focus that must be present for a crime or victimization event to occur as explained by Cohen and Felson. All of the following are components that must be present except:
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The presence of a capable guardian.
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Michael Hindelang et al. (1978) found that you can explain why certain groups of people are more likely to be victimized because of the patterned activity or ___________.
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Lifestyle
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Extra Credit: Developed Differential Reinforcement Theory as a type of Operant Learning Theory, which had a psychological focus.
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C. Ray Jeffery
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Extra Credit: Known for Rational Choice Theory. It is very generic and involves decision making (Involvement and Event decisions).
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Derek Cornish & Ronald Clarke
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Extra Credit: Had the most popular version of Social Control Theory between the 70's and 80's. Blamed crime or delinquency on broken or weakened bonds to society. Also developed the four elements of the Social Bond.
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Travis Hirschi
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Extra Credit: Known for Social Learning Theory. He viewed the social environment as the most important source of reinforcement. Basically deviant behavior is learned through social interaction.
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Ronald Akers
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Extra Credit: Developed Containment Theory and its two forms (Inner and Outer Containment).
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Walter Reckless
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Extra Credit: Known for advancing Routine Activities Theory and developing the three areas of focus for a criminal or victimization event.
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Larry Cohen & Marcus Felson
