Criminology Midterm – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
True or False: A criminologist is an individual who studies crime and criminals.
answer
True
question
Deviance is simply any act which violates what?
answer
Society's Norms
question
Mens Rea literally means what?
answer
Guilty Mind
question
True or False: What is deviant in one place or in one time period may not be deviant in other places or in other time periods.
answer
True
question
What are norms that have an underlying shared assumptions of approval or disapproval?
answer
Mores
question
True or False: Crime is a straightforward, easy topic to research and study.
answer
False
question
What are formal norms called?
answer
Laws
question
True or False: Mens rea is the actual act that the person is accused of.
answer
False
question
Who argued that deviance has benefits for society?
answer
Emile Durkheim
question
What is one possible problem with the statistics in the NCVS?
answer
People may not accurately report the crime that they have experienced.
question
Who is someone who collects and examines evidence in actual crimes?
answer
Criminalist
question
If you commit a crime under duress, what does this mean?
answer
You were forced to commit the crime.
question
The FBI collects which crime statistics?
answer
Uniform Crime Reports
question
In official statistics, crime is which of the following? Over reporting, Exact, Under-Reported, or Accurate
answer
Under-Reported
question
True or False: Experiments are very common in criminology, but not in psychology.
answer
False
question
True or False: Researchers have ruled out pollution as a potential cause of crime.
answer
False
question
True or False: Criminologists do not believe that biology has any effect on crime.
answer
False
question
William H. Sheldon argued that which body type was most likely to commit crimes?
answer
Mesomorphs
question
One of the first instances when the "not guilty by reasons of insanity" defenses was used involved which defendant?
answer
Daniel M'Naughten
question
True or False: Bandura argued that once a person has learned aggressive behavior, something had to trigger it.
answer
True
question
Franz Joseph Gull suggested that a person's what could predict their criminal tendencies?
answer
Skull
question
Mesomorphs have which of the following body types?
answer
Muscular and Athletic
question
Who argued that individuals learn aggressive behavior by imitation and learning from others?
answer
Albert Bandura
question
True or False: The hormone testosterone has been linked to aggression.
answer
True
question
Who suggested that a person's physical characteristics could predict whether they were criminal or not?
answer
Cesare Lombroso
question
True or False: Constitutional theories are those that explain crimes as related to psychological attributes.
answer
False
question
True or False: The substantial-capacity test states that an individual should have the mental capacity to understand that an act is wrong or conform his or her behavior to the law.
answer
True
question
True or False: Harold G. Grasmick suggested that people with low self-control are drawn to risk-taking behaviors that are exciting and dangerous.
answer
True
question
True or False: Phrenology suggested that by seeing or feeling a person's skull, we could have insight into their personality and which characteristics were over or under developed.
answer
True
question
In Merton's strain theory, which category involves individuals accepting the societal goal but using new ways of reaching that goal?
answer
Innovation
question
True or False: Criminologists don't believe that the social environment has any effect on crime.
answer
False
question
Conflict theorists argue that who uses the law in order to reinforce their place in society?
answer
Powerful
question
What are external forces that influence our actions and lives?
answer
Social Conditions
question
Social sickness is also called what?
answer
Social Pathology
question
True or False: With the adaptation of rebellion, people reject both the goal and the means of reaching the goal, but replace them with different goals and means of reaching them.
answer
True
question
True or False: Secondary deviance is continued deviance.
answer
True
question
Which theory examines how geographical location and features in that location affect crime?
answer
Environmental criminology
question
Which theory says that people have differing amounts of access to illegitimate means of reaching society's goals?
answer
Differential opportunity theory
question
True or False: Merton argued that anomie occurs when society emphasizes a goal but the accepted means to achieve that goal are inadequate.
answer
True
question
True or False: Radical criminology theories argue that crime like most human behavior is learned through watching other people and interacting with them.
answer
False
question
Who argued in the 1960s that society creates deviance and deviant individuals by responding in particular ways to behaviors and actions?
answer
Howard Becker
question
What theory argues that the causes of crime are located in the social conditions of a society that empower the wealthy and disenfranchise the poor and others less fortunate?
answer
Radical Criminology
question
Which theory argues that crime is due to social conflict, social change, and a lack of consensus in the group?
answer
Social Disorganization Theory
question
Who proposed 30 different suggestions for why crime remained high in some areas even when there was high population turn-over?
answer
Rodney Stark
question
Which of the following includes robbery that occurs at businesses and commercial settings, such as banks or convenience stores?
answer
Institutional Robbery
question
True or False: Mass murders are homicides that involve the murder of several individuals in at least three separate events.
answer
False
question
Which of the following is NOT a crime against persons? Homicide, Assault, Robbery, Arson
answer
Arson
question
True or False: Statistics on arson are limited in the sense that only fires classified as arson are reported to agencies like the FBI.
answer
True
question
Which of the following is NOT classified as a crime against property? Larceny, Burglary, Arson, Robbery
answer
Robbery
question
In 2003, the number of homicides was what percent of the total number of crimes reported?
answer
Less than one percent
question
True or False: Crime statistics indicate that arson is the most frequently property crime.
answer
False
question
What type of homicide includes crimes in which the offender planned to kill another person and then carried out the act?
answer
First Degree Murder
question
About what percent of homicide victims knew their killer?
answer
43%
question
True or False: Homicide is the most frequent crime.
answer
False
question
True or False: Females are more likely to be the perpetrator of homicide than males.
answer
False
question
True or False: Assaults have been declining since the early 1990's.
answer
True
question
True or False: Research indicates that most robberies involve little planning on the part of offenders.
answer
True
question
In about what perfect of home robberies involve little planning on the part of offenders.
answer
Forty Percent
question
True or False: Some studies have found that about two-thirds of all individuals have shoplifted at some point in their life.
answer
True
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New