question

T/F: Attempts to reform prisons began in the 1500s with the disintegration of feudalism.

answer

True

question

T/F: The new industrialism brought about a shift from penal to economic considerations as the basis for punishment.

answer

True

question

T/F: Major efforts began by the start of the 19th century in both Europe and the United States to devise a more severe penal sanction that focused completely on the body, rather than the mind of the offender.

answer

False

question

T/F: Under the law of retaliation, lex talionis, vengeance was a duty to be carried out by the person wronged or by a family member of the victim.

answer

True

question

T/F: In England by the year 1200, a system of wergild, or payment of money as compensation, had developed as a way for the king to collect additional resources from the citizens.

answer

False

question

T/F: Best known for his utilitarian theories, including his creation of the phrase of "hedonic calculus," Jeremy Bentham was a leading social scholar and philosopher of his time.

answer

True

question

T/F: The period known as "the Enlightenment" brought about new ideas based on rationalization, the importance of individuals, and the limitations of government.

answer

True

question

T/F: One of the major reasons England and Europe resorted to sending offenders to the "New World" was that their prisons and houses of corrections were overcrowded.

answer

True

question

T/F: Another name for the medieval practice of banishment is "relocation."

answer

False

question

T/F: Another name for the medieval practice of banishment is "relocation."

answer

False

question

T/F: Shaming is a new punishment idea that was first used during the early 1900s in both Europe and the United States.

answer

False

question

T/F: Like other social institutions, corrections reflects the vision and concern of the larger community.

answer

True

question

T/F: Jeremy Bentham was the one-time high sheriff of Bedfordshire, England, who helped spur changes that resulted in the development of the penitentiary during the late 1700s.

answer

False

question

T/F: anishment can best be described as punishment inflicted on the offender's body with whips and other devices that cause physical pain and scarring.

answer

False

question

T/F: Until the late Middle Ages, prisons were used primarily for the detention of people awaiting trial.

answer

True

question

T/F: The founder of the Classical School of Criminology is Cesare Beccaria, who applied the rationalist philosophy of the Enlightenment to the criminal justice system.

answer

True

question

The purpose of punishment as a public spectacle was:

answer

Both crime control and exhibition of the sovereign's power.

question

The following is an example of corporal punishment:

answer

Whipping

question

Jeremy Bentham argued that effective punishments prevent __________ in the future.

answer

Similar behavior

question

Political liberals and encouraged reform of the prison system during the Enlightenment period.

answer

Independents

question

The invention of the penitentiary occurred due in large part because of:

answer

All of these

question

By the 1900s, punishments were carried out under the supervision of:

answer

Correctional Staff

question

Lex talionis embodies which of the following principles?

answer

All of these

question

Jeremy Bentham's classic prison design known as the ______________ called for a circular building with a glass roof and cells on each story and around the circumference of the penitentiary so that the inmates could be viewed at all times to ensure they were abiding by prison rules.

answer

Panopticon

question

The belief that a punishment inflicted on an offender must achieve enough good to outweigh the pain inflicted is called:

answer

Utilitarianism

question

The practice of removing offenders from the community to another land was known as:

answer

Transportation

question

The Penitentiary Act was based upon core principles under which prisoners were confined in solitary cells and labored silently in common rooms and were subjected to:

answer

Secure and sanitary conditions

question

The founder of the Classical School of Criminology was:

answer

Cesare Beccaria

question

The period known as the Enlightenment had what effect(s) on society?

answer

All of the above

question

The Enlightenment proposed which of the following ideas for correctional reform?

answer

The invention of the penitentiary, where prisoners could be isolated from the temptations of the outside world

question

For the purpose of deterrence of future criminal acts, which principle(s) did Cesare Beccaria believe were most valuable for carrying out a punishment?

answer

Both swiftness and certainty

question

The term wergild focuses on which of the following?

answer

Money paid to relatives or victims of a crime

question

How was the existing system of justice altered during the Enlightenment?

answer

All of these

question

During the Enlightenment, advances in scientific thinking led to an inquisitive attitude that emphasized all of the following ideas except for:

answer

Intervention

question

As a social institution, corrections reflects the vision and concerns of the:

answer

Larger community

question

According to the text, certain types of legal sanctions, in the form we are familiar with today, emerged during the:

answer

1200s

question

The response to crime was viewed as essentially a private affair prior to the _________ century.

answer

13th

question

_________ was a leader of correctional reform in England and the developer of a utilitarian approach to crime and punishment.

answer

Jeremy Bentham

question

Wergild developed as a:

answer

System of compensation for private wrongs committed against another

question

The dominant social institution during the Middle Ages in England and Europe was:

answer

The church

question

The law of the civil society as distinguished from church law is known as:

answer

Secular law

question

Benefit of clergy was extended to:

answer

All literate persons

question

The _______ was born out of concern for the sinfulness of sloth.

answer

Workhouse

question

The emphasis of the ________________ on the importance of hard work and on the sinfulness of sloth sparked European reformers to urge that some means be used to provide work for the idle poor.

answer

Protestant reformation

question

_________________ were abandoned ships that the English converted to hold convicts during a period of prison crowding between 1776 and 1790.

answer

Hulks

question

________________ was an English prison reformer whose research and writing led to the passage of the Penitentiary Act of 1779 by the House of Commons.

answer

John Howard

question

Which of the following offender types were not considered to comprise a large portion of those who were sentenced to early English Bridewell houses?

answer

The poor

question

A house of _______________ was a detention facility that combined the major elements of a workhouse, poorhouse, and penal industry by both disciplining the inmates and setting them to work.

answer

Redemption

question

Which of the following was NOT a medieval form of capital punishment?

answer

Fed to the lions

CRIM 221 Ch. 2 – Flashcards

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