Cpi Nursing Bio Unit 3 – Flashcards
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Sinoatrial Node
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The pacemaker of the heart
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Pulmonary circulation
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Process where deoxygenated blood travels from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart oxygenated
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Systemic circulation
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The process in which oxygenated blood travels through the heart and is delivered to the tissues of the body
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Arteries
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Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart Systemic-oxygenated Pulmonary-deoxygenated
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Veins
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Blood vessels that carry blood to the heart Systemic-deoxygenated Pulmonary-oxygenated
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Formed elements of blood
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Think ELP. Erythrocytes Leukocytes Platelets(Thrombocytes)
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Functions of blood
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Think DRP Distribution (same as transportation) Regulation Protection
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Hematopoietin
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The formation of all blood cells
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Erythropoiesis
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The formation of Erythrocytes
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Erythrocyte
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Red Blood Cell
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Normal level of RBC
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4.5-5.5 million/ mm^3
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O2
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Oxygen
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CO2
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Carbon dioxide
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Blood Types
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ABO
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______ determines the COLOR of blood
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Oxygen O2 Bright red- O2 rich Dark red- O2 poor BLOOD IS NEVER BLUE
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Hematocrit
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The percentage of RBC in blood
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Erythropoietin
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A hormone released by the kidneys, stimulating red bone marrow to generate new Erythrocytes
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Structure of erythrocytes
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Bi concave. Kind of like an inter tube. A mature RBC has no nucleus contains hemoglobin
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Hemoglobin
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The O2 carrying molecule of the RBC. Contains Heme - Globins-proteins
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Leukocytes
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White Blood Cell
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Normal level of WBC
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5,000-10,000/mm^3
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Superior vena cava
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Major vein that return deoxygenated blood to the right atrium
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Inferior vena cava
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Major vein that returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium
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The conduction system in order!!
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1.SA Node 2.Bundle of his 3.Bundle Branches 4.perkinje fibers
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Tachycardia
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Rapid heartbeat
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Bradycardia
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Slow heartbeat
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Normal pH of blood
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7.35-7.45
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Atrium
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Top chambers of the heart takes in blood and it then goes to the ventricles
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Ventricles
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Bottom chambers of the heart. Blood in this chamber moves to either the pulmonary or the aortic artery
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Purpose of any valve in a vessel
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Prevention of back flow
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Blood flow into vessels in order
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Arteries➡️arterioles ➡️capillaries ➡️venules➡️veins
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Layers of the heart out to in
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Epicardium Parietal pericardium Visceral pericardium Myocardium
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Types of leukocytes
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Granulocyte Agranulocyte
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Granulocyte
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WBC that Contains granules Short life Phagocytic cells
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Agranulocyte
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WBC that doesn't contain granules
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Types of granulocytes
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Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils
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Types of Agranulocytes
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lymphocytes Monocytes
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Neutrophils
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52-56% of WBC Bacteria slayers Neutralizes Pus formation
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Basophils
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Mast Cells that releases histamines triggering an allergic reaction <1% WBC
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Eosinophils
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Eats parasites 1-4% of WBC
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Thrombocytes platelets
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Pieces of Cells that perform clotting functions
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Lub
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The sound of the AV valves closing
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Dubb
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The sound of the SL Valves closing
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Major arteries to know
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Common Carotid artery Brachial Radial Femoral Dorsalis Pedis Anterior tibialis Popliteal Aorta(ascending and descending) Pulmonary arteries
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Major veins to know
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Superior and inferior vena cava Subclavian Internal jugular External jugular Basilic Cephalic Saphenous
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The__________ vein is the most common location for injections
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Subclavian
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This vein is the longest vein in the human body
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The saphenous vein
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This artery is the largest in the human body
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Aorta
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Lifetime of an RBC
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120 days
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Materials in blood plasma
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Proteins Wastes Nutrients Electrolytes Respiratory gases
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Normal hgb levels
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12-18
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Normal level of HCT
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36-54%
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Lymphocytes
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Found in mostly lymphoid tissue T cells B cells
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T cells
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Killers Helpers Suppressor Memory
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B Cells
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Makes antibodies Makes plasma cells Memory
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Monocytes
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Macrophage 4-8% of WBC The largest of WBC NONSPECIFIC They eat anything
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Stem cells for blood
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Hematocytoblast
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Hemostasis
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Process to stop bleeding: Vascular spasm Platelet plug formation Coagulation
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Tissue type of blood
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Connective
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PTT
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Prothrombin time 10-13 secs
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INR
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0.8-1.1
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Essential to blood clotting
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Calcium Vitamin K
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Anticoagulant drugs
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Heparin Warfarin
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Embolism
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Floating
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Thrombus
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Attached
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Normal platelet level
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150,000-400,000
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Coronary arteries
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Supply blood to the heart
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Muscle type of the heart
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Cardiac muscle
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Vagus nerve
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Cranial nerve 10 Slows heart rate
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Systole
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Active Contraction of the atrium or ventricles
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Diastole
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Relaxation of heart
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Cardiac output
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Heart rateXStroke Volume HRxSV=CO
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Average blood volume
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4-6L
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Tunics of blood vessels
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Tunica interna Tunica media Tunica externa
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Effects of resistance in blood vessels
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Viscosity Length Diameter
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Hepatic portal system
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All digestive organ carries blood to the liver to be filtered
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Lymphatic ducts
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Right lymphatic duct Thoracic duct
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Right lymphatic duct delivers lymph to....
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Right upper arm Right side of head an thorax
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Thoracic duct delivers lymph to....
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The rest of the body
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How lymph is transported
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Pulsation of nearby arteries Contraction of muscles Pressure changes
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3 Parts of the lymphatic system
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Lymph Lymphoid tissue and organs Lymphatic vessels
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Lymphatic capillaries are similar to....
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Blood capillaries
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Lumen
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Hole
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Where does lymph go
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Interstitial Fluid gets returned to the circulatory system
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Lymphoid organs
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Spleen Tonsils Thymus Peyers patches in intestines Appendix
