Cosmetic Products and Ingredients – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
Ph
answer

"Potential Hudrogen" The unit of measurement that indicates whether a substance is acidic, neutral, or alkaline

 

question
Alkaline
answer

Term used to describe a base. The release of hydroxide ions that are negatively charged (-) results in a base product (red litmus turns blue)

 

question
Logarithmic
answer

Each step increases by multiples of 10

 

question
pH Balanced
answer
The pH is balances at a certain level, but not necessarily at 4.5 -5.5
question
Acid Balanced
answer
Balanced within pH range 4.5 - 5.5
question
Acid Mantle
answer
Protective barrier created by mixture of sebum and sweat combining with lipids, minerals, & moisture
question
Hard Water
answer
may contain salts such as calcium & magnesium
question
Soft Water
answer
Contains very few minerals, created by use of a water-filtration unit
question
Mixture
answer
Formed when 2 or more compounds are blended together physically rather than chemically, creating a new overall product but still tetaining separate chemical characteristics of the compounds blended
question
Solution
answer
a mixture of 2 or more chemicals in which each component is evenly distributed in the mixture to form a complete & homogenous dispersion
question
Solvent
answer
the liquid part of a solution
question
Solute
answer

Solid or dissolved part of a solution

 

question
Saturation Point
answer
when a solute will no longert dissolve evenly in the solvent
question
Miscible
answer

solvents that easily mix together

 

question
Immiscible
answer
Solvents that dont easily mix with each other
question
Suspension
answer
the even dispersion of a solid substance in a liquid base
question
Gel
answer
product formulated with thickening agents to increase viscosity
question
Powder
answer
finely ground solid mixed evenly with additional ingredinets, in some cases includes oil
question
Ointment
answer

Anhydrous (without water) substance based on a mixture of oils & waxes, normally having the texture of a paste (thick& heavy)

 

question
Stick
answer
Hard, low water (or anhydrous) product applied to the sking by rubbing the product directly on the desired area
question
Aerosol
answer
Product packaged under pressure and blended with proepllent (gas) inside a container, which is usually a can
question
Emulsion
answer
Misture of 2 or more non-mixable (immiscible) substances, such as oil & water, united by small droplets of a binder (emulsifier) or gum-like subsatnce
question
Emulsifier
answer

Chemical structure of a polar and non-polar end allows compatibility with both water and oil. Binds molecules tothether, blends ingredients, protects stability of product, changes viscosity, extends shelf-life up to 3 years

 

Ex: Carbomer, Stearamide, Ceth-20, Polyethelene Glycol, Besswax, Polysorbate

question
Cremes and lotions
answer
(most common) emulsions used to impart emmoliency (oil) & moisturizatin (water) to skin
question
Active Ingredients
answer
Ingredients responsible for producing the desired effect
question
Humectants
answer
Organic ingredients that bind water and deposit it into the skin
question
Emollients
answer
oils & oil soluable substances used to condidtion and soften the skin by providing a proctctive coating called an Occlusive Barrier
question
Fatty Acids
answer
come from both plant and animal sources, commonly used in cosmetic products such as cremes and lotions to keep them firm but soft, and easy to apply
question
Fatty Alcohols
answer
Fatty acids that have been exposed to hydrogen
question
Surfactants
answer
used in most cleansing products/detergents, have ability to bind a wide range of organic and inorganic matter to water
question
Viscosity Modifiers
answer
(thickeners) ingredients that help increase density in emulsions and gel-typer products
question
Botanicals
answer
general classification for a wide variety of natural or naturally derived ingredients extraced from plants (anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-irritants)
question
Preservatives
answer
Maintain microbiological integrity or product quality during manufacturing, storage & use by consumer
question
Chelating Agents
answer
ingredients added to a product to enhance the effectiveness of the preservative (Disodium EDTA)
question
Coloring Agents
answer

vegetable, mineral, or pigment dyes added to enhance product's appearance (not usually in skincare products but in cosmetics)

;

question

;

;

Fragrance

answer
complex blends of many essential oils and other compounds to create unique scents
question
Hypoallergenic
answer
product is less likely to provoke an allergic reaction (no color, no fragrance, no dyes)
question
Antibacterial
answer

destroys bacteria that can cause problems such as scne or other infections;

such as: preservatives, Benzoyl Peroxide, Salicylic Acid, Hydrogen Peroide, Azelaic Acid, Camphor, Sulfur, Menthol

;

and botanicals such as: tea tree oil, lavendar oil, etc.

;

question
pH Adjustors
answer

used to adjust the product pH to a desired level

;

such as: citric acid, malic acid, sodium hydroxide, triethanol amine

question
Comedogenicity
answer
tendency to clog
question
Comedogenic
answer
ingredients likely to lock or clog pores and contribute to pimples
question
Antioxidants
answer

prevent skin inflammation ; damage due to free radicals

Vitamin C derivitives (Ascorbic Acid) - Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate, Ascorbyl Palmitate

Vitamin A dreivitive - Tretinoin (Retin-A)

Vitamin E derivative - Ticopherol (Vitamin E Acetate) and Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA)

Highly unstable products ; must be protected from air, heat ; light by manufacturing and storing under specific conditions

question
Free Radicals;
answer
chemically unstable molecules, caused by environmental pollutants ; UV exposure
question
Alpha Lipoic Acid
answer

helps aging cells increase energy production, provide anti-oxidant, anti-imflammatory benefits, enhances cell's ability to repair damage

pioneered by Dr. Perricone

question
Co-enzyme Q-10
answer

CoQ10 (Ubiquinone)

Powerful anti-oxidant occuring naturally in human cells.  Aids in production of cellular energy

As an ingredient, it aids in circulaion, stimulates immune system, increases issue oxygenation and improves appearance of aging

question
Silicones
answer
ingredients derived from a silicone base- unlike petrolatum derivitieves, they are free of contaminants and environmentally friendly, act by laying a mesh-like pattern of waterproof molecules over the skin, allowing oxygen to penetrate, keeping water inside, enhances barrieer properties w/o being comedogenic or leaving a film
question
Cyclomethicone
answer

non-comedogenic emollient that gives a silky feel

 

question
Dimethicone
answer
Gives products lubricity, or "slip"
question
Dimethicone copolyol
answer
makes products feel soft, esp. sunscreens
question
Hydroxy Acids
answer

smooth, soften, brighten appearance, remove blemishes & hyperpigmentation by speeding up exfoliation of the surface of the stratum corneum

 

organic acids extracted from a variety of natural sources including:

fruits - Malic Acid, Tartaric Acid, Citric Acid, Glycolic Acid

milk - Lactic Acids

question
Alpha Hydroxy Acid
answer

(AHA) 

Glycolic and Lactid Acids

carboxyl group located on the 1st carbon atom of organic acid chain

question
Beta Hydroxy Acid
answer

(BHA) Salicylic Acid

carboxyl group located on the 2nd carbon atom of the organic acid chain

question
Poly Hydroxy Acid
answer

Malic Acid

several carboxyl groups in the same chain

question
Enzymes
answer
designed to dissove Keratin proteins on the surface of skin, resulting in exfoliation nd sofet, smoother skin
question
Kinetin
answer
essential growth factor that prevents premature aging and partially reverses damage due to UV exposure
question
Vitamins
answer

antioxidant Vitamins A, C, E deliver variety of benefits to the skin

B1 (Thiamine) -helps heal tissue

B5 (Panthenol or Pantothenic Acid) - strengthens skin, promotes healing of cuts & flexibility of scar tissue

Vitamin K (incl Phylloquinone) - ability to clot blood & many skin functions

Vitamin D (Calciferol) - can get from sun

 

**less than .5%, you should question effectiveness of product

question
Lightners
answer

products used to bleach or lighten areas of hyperpigmentation

*work by blocking melanin production by melanocytes in skin, taking months of continued used to deliveer effect

 

: Hydroquinone, Vitamin C, Bearberry Extract, Licorice Root, Yeast Extract, Hydroxy Acids (Lactic), Kojic Acid, Citrus Unshiu, Azelaic Acid, Rice Extract, Aspergillus Ferment, Grapefruit Extract, Paper Mulberry, Mitracarpus Scaber, Mumex (Yellow Dock), Rosmarinus Officinalis, Green TEa Extract, Yohimbe Bark 

 

question
Cosmetics
answer
"articles intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled, or sprayed on or introduced into, or otherwise applied to the human body or as part there of for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness or altering the appearance and articles intended for use as a component of any such articles; except soap."
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New