question

Base Isolators

answer

Large shock absorbers made of alternating layers of rubber and steel attached to a buildings foundation to allow movement of the structure without causing damage.

question

Brownfield Sites

answer

A property that is abandoned or underused because of historic environmental contamination.

question

Constructibility Review

answer

A design review process in which experienced contractors and construction managers work with designers to ensure that the details of the design actually can be built in an efficient and cost-effective manner. The process entails review of materials, application, installation techniques, field execution, and building systems.

question

Cofferdams

answer

Temporary watertight enclosures erected to prevent water from seeping into an area

question

Curtain Wall

answer

Nonload-bearing exterior wall used as a weather barrier but not for structural support

question

Infrastructure

answer

Basic roadways, bridges, and railroad networks that support a community or society.

question

Lean Principles

answer

Customer focus Culture and people Workplace organization and standardization Elimination of waste Continuous improvement and built-in quality

question

Architectural Program

answer

the research and decision making process, initiated by an owner, usually with help of an architect or other programming specialist, that identifies the basic needs of the client and the parameters of the project to be designed and ultimately built by a construction professional.

question

Project Delivery

answer

process by which all the procedures and components of designing and building a facility are organized and put together in an agreement that results in a completed project.

question

Self-Performed Work

answer

construction work that is performed with the general contractors own forces or labor. This work is not subcontracted

question

Slip Forms

answer

concrete forms that rise up the wall as construction progresses

question

Specifications

answer

detail the requirements/characteristics of a project

question

Review Questions: What is the name of the stone carvings dating back to the pyramids that contained the first written regulations pertaining to construction, the first building code?

answer

Code of Hammurabi

question

By what measurement is construction used as an economic indicator for the U.S. economy?

answer

housing starts

question

Five Primary Sectors of Construction Industry:

answer

Residential Commercial Heavy civil Industrial Environmental

question

Name of organization credited with promoting construction management as a legitimate area of study at a four year university:

answer

Associated Schools of Construction (ASC)

question

Role of Owner:

answer

driving force behind the industry. develop the programs define the scope create budget provide funding

question

Weekly Construction Magazine:

answer

ENR- Engineering News Record

question

Three Associations Affiliated with Construction Industry:

answer

1. Associated General Contractors 2. Associated Builders and Contractors 3.National Association of Home Builders

question

LEED

answer

Stands for: Leadership in energy and environmental design. Purpose: rating system that evaluates a building's environmental performance over its life cycle.

question

Construction Associations that offer voluntary certification programs for construction managers

answer

1. American Institute of Constructors 2. Construction Management Associated of America

question

Lean Construction

answer

Stems from manufacturing industry- Toyota Philosophy that focuses on adding value with less work and the elimination of waste in the building process

question

Six factors that must be controlled in order to ensure a successful project

answer

Cost: determined through estimate or budget, contract. Change orders, poor weather, unforeseen conditions are challenges. Goal is stay within or below estimates. Time: determined through schedule and contract. Goal is to complete tasks in timeframe set by schedule. Quality: determined through contract specifications, punch lists, inspections. Quality standards must be established early in the project. Safety: THE MOST IMPORTANT. Hazards are always present- fix them! Scope: determined by architectural program. The ultimate requirement of an owner- functional, well-built, well designed building. Function: determined by whether a project satisfies both short and long-term needs? Utilization Analysis: Efficiency of the process to be performed in the building.

question

ENR

answer

Engineering News Record

question

Agency CM

answer

Fee based service in which the construction manager is responsible exclusively to the owner and acts in the owner's best interests at every stage in the process. CM does not perform any of the actual construction

question

Architectural Programming

answer

Defining the owner's needs. The owners responsibility. What is needed to meet their needs? Who is responsible for what. Owner -; Architect ; General Contractor Engineers ; Subcontractors

question

At-Risk CM

answer

General contractor provides both pre-construction services and construction services. A project delivery method where the CM commits to deliver the project within a guaranteed maximum price. Benefits: CM is involved in the project early in the design process. Option for Value-Engineering input during the design process Constructability Review during the design process

question

Constructibility Reviews

answer

A design review process in which experienced contractors and construction managers work with designers to ensure that the details of the design actually can be built in an efficient and cost-effective manner. The process entails review of materials, application, installation techniques, field execution, and building systems.

question

Construction Management

answer

entails the planning, scheduling, evaluation, and controlling of construction tasks or activities to accomplish specific objectives by effectively allocating and utilizing appropriate labor, materials, and time resources in a manner that minimizes costs and maximizes custimer/owner satisfaction.

question

Design-Bid-Build

answer

The Traditional Method Owner hires the Architect to design the structure and produce contract documents Owner selects the General Contractor GC selects Subcontractors Characteristics Linear structure - no contractor involvement during design Owner warrants contract documents

question

Design-Build

answer

Owner contracts with the design/build entity, which is responsible for the design and construction of the project Advantages: Ability to fast-track Early contractor involvement Single point of contact

question

Fast Tracking

answer

a practice utilized to speed up a job by overlapping the design phase and the construction phase of a project. its often applied in design build or construction management project delivery.

question

Integrated Project Delivery

answer

an project delivery method that contractually engages the contractor responsible for constructing the project at the beginning of the design process. Both design-build and at risk cm are considered this method

question

Multiple Prime

answer

A contracting methodology in which the owner bypasses the use of a general contractor and enters into multiple separate contracts with trade or specialty contractors for the various sections of the work associated with the project, such as concrete, framing, mechanical, and electrical work. Each of the specialty contractors involved becomes a prime contractor on the project.

question

Scope of Work

answer

Generally defined in the Plans and Specs Sets the parameters of the project, and identifies what work needs to get done. Challenge: Ensure that the scope of the project is being delivered as intended A well defined scope sets the project in the right direction

question

Construction Management as a function: Construction Management as a project delivery method:

answer

As Function: tasks performed by contractor: estimating, scheduling, cost control, contract administration in order to monitor, manage, and control the work of the contract As Project Delivery: contractual arrangement where the construction manager is hired by the owner to provide services to the owner such as design review, overall scheduling, cost control, value engineering, constructivtbily reviews, and construction coordination

question

Three characteristics that make the construction project unique from other industry sector projects:

answer

1. One of a kind structure or facility 2. Different building site 3. building process takes place outside

question

Four Primary Project Values to be managed, monitered, controlled:

answer

1. time 2. cost 3. quality 4. safety

question

Why is the 'scope definition' so important?

answer

it describes the extent of work that is to be performed by contractor

question

Project Delivery:

answer

The overall structural or organizational framework used to put all aspects of designing and building a project together

question

Three Project Delivery Methods ; how they differ:

answer

1. Design-Bid-Build: owner has separate contracts with the designer and contractor 2. Design-Build: only one contract between owner and the design-build entity 3. Construction Management: owner holds three contracts: construction manager, designer, contractor

question

How is Agency CM different from At-Risk CM?

answer

Agency CM: construction manager has no liability for construction and acts only as an advisor to owner At-Risk: construction manager acts as an advisor to the owner during design phase and is liable for construction

question

Three ways a design-build entity may be configured:

answer

1. contractor and designer can create an informal partnership 2. full service design-build firm in which the designers and contractors work for the same company 3. or establish a legal joint venture for single project

question

Eight Functions of Construction Management:

answer

1. estimating 2. contract administration 3. managing jobsite and construction operations 4. planning ; scheduling 5. controlling performance 6. managing quality 7. managing safety 8. managing risks

question

CSI

answer

Construction Specification Institute founded in 1948 and serves all major disciplines involved in the design and construction industry. Developed CSI MasterFormat which is the standard format for construction specifications.

question

Addendum

answer

part of bidding documents

question

Change Order

answer

Errors or omissions in the contract documents results in them result in extra work and/or extra time, both of which result in extra cost to the owner. Change orders should be anticipated on any design-bid-build project.

question

Contract Documents

answer

Contract documents consist of two major components: Drawings (Plans) discuss the quantity of the work Project Manual (Specs) discuss the quality of the work In a traditional project delivery method, the contractor is typically not involved in the design or production of the contract documents.

question

GMP

answer

Guaranteed Maximum Price a variation of the cost-plus-fee contract, and is popular in design-build delivery. Owner pays cost-plus-fee, but only up to the GMP. Allows construction to start earlier since a price can be guaranteed before the plans are 100 % complete.

question

Perspective Drawings

answer

3D drawing showing height width length

question

Time and Materials

answer

Another name for cost + fee contract

question

Two components that make up contract documents:

answer

1. Drawings 2. Project Manual

question

When did artictects first begin to use drawings to communicate their design intent?

answer

the Renaissance

question

CAD

answer

Computer Aided Design

question

Order of Drawings in a Set of Plans:

answer

Civil Architectural Structural Mechanical Electrical

question

Plan View:

answer

horizontal cut through structure

question

Section View:

answer

vertical cut through structure

question

Detail

answer

Blown up picture of piece of buildinf

question

Order of importance:

answer

Specifications Details Sections Elevations Plan *specifications take precedence over all

question

Four Sections of a project manual:

answer

1. bidding documents 2. general conditions 3. supplemental conditions 4. technical specifications

question

CSI Masterformat 2004:

answer

Construction Specification Institute 48 Divisions

question

Building Insulation under which CSI division:

answer

Division 7: Thermal and Moisture Protection

question

Four Types of Construction Contracts

answer

1. Lump-Sum 2. Cost-Plus-Fee 3. Guaranteed Maximum Price (GMP) 4. Unit-Price

question

1. Lump-Sum:

answer

Most common type of contract. Contractor agrees to complete the work for a single, lump-sum fee. Contract assumes the plans and specs are accurate.

question

2. Cost-Plus-Fee:

answer

Referred to as a time ; materials contract the owner reimburses the contractor for the labor and material costs of the project plus a fixed fee or percentage of the cost. Often used when scope is hard to define. Significant risks to the owner while it guarantees the contractor a profit.

question

3. Guaranteed Maximum Price (GMP):

answer

is a variation of the cost-plus-fee contract, and is popular in design-build delivery. Owner pays cost-plus-fee, but only up to the GMP. Allows construction to start earlier since a price can be guaranteed before the plans are 100 % complete.

question

4. Unit-Price:

answer

Used when work to be performed cannot be accurately measured ahead of time. Heavy civil and highway type jobs Contractors apply a unit price to each bid item (e.g. a dollar amount per cubic yard of dirt excavation) and these unit prices are multiplied by the engineers estimate of the quantities. Engineers estimates are ballpark figures but can be very inaccurate.

question

If the actual cost is less that the guaranteed cost under a GMP contract:

answer

Owner receives the amount saved

question

Needed for estimating

answer

Point of reference

question

As-Built Drawings

answer

Completed drawings turned over to owner with changes included

question

Commissioning

answer

Process can be conducted by general contractor, subs under direction of GC, or the architect or engineers involved. Testing Training end users

question

Punch List

answer

a tool used to keep track of loose ends, minor repairs, adjustments, and missing items

question

Substantial Completion

answer

Punch list completed Architect determines facility can be utilized for intended purpose Marks the official end of project and establishes beginning of warranty period All payments due to contractor are released

question

Working Drawings

answer

final detailed drawings portion of contract document

question

Four Stages of Construction Management after design:

answer

1. Pre-Construction 2. Procurement 3. Construction 4. Post-Construction

question

Four Stages of the Design Process:

answer

1. Programming and Feasibility 2. Schematic or conceptual design 3. Design development 4. Contract documents

question

The quality of design drawings and their impact on the quality of construction:

answer

because the contractor has to build in accordance to the plans and change orders need to be submitted if there is an error. Owners would not be happy.

question

Due Diligence:

answer

Identifying any problems associated with the project early on so that those problems can be factored into decision making during pre-construction

question

Two procurement instruments used to buy out the construction job:

answer

1. Subcontracts: used to buy labor 2. Purchase Orders: used to buy materials and equipment

question

On Site Construction Management Team

answer

1. superintendent 2. assistant superintendent 3. field engineers

question

What marks the official end of a project?

answer

when the architect releases a certificate of substantial completion

question

Used to keep track of the completion of loose ends, minor repairs, adjustments, and missing items at the end of a project:

answer

a punchlist

question

Value Engineering ; its Purpose

answer

is the process of analyzing the design, products, and materials associated with the project to determine if proposed application, installation, execution is the best approach or solution purpose is to optimize resources to achieve greater value for money being spent

question

Why is it so important to have a clear distinction between the project punch out and the warranty period?

answer

the completion of punch out denotes substantial competition of project If items continually get added, it becomes difficult to mark the end of a project

question

Add-Ons

answer

Taxes, overhead, profit added into estimate after other costs have been calculated

question

Direct costs

answer

- Costs that actually go into building the facility such as materials, labor, equipment and subcontracts. "Hard"

question

Indirect costs

answer

- Expenses incurred in order to manage and deliver the materials, labor, equipment, and subcontracts employed on any job. Often referred to as overhead or general conditions and include supervision, job trailer expense, temporary utilities, testing and inspections, and job photographs, security, etc. "Soft"

question

Conceptual estimates

answer

- Used when there are no drawings at all or when you are in the idea or concept stage of a project. Often the owner does no know if they're project is feasible so they do not wish to start spending money on design.

question

Factors impacting cost

answer

Size Complexity Site location Time of construction Quality of work Market conditions Management factors: good management can minimize effect of bad estimate

question

Preliminary estimates

answer

- Used when you have a preliminary set of drawings with overall dimensions and it provides a somewhat higher level of accuracy to establish initial budgets and financing scenarios. However it should never be used to commit to a contract price.

question

Detailed estimates

answer

- Used whenever you have a complete set of plans and specs. Counts every brick and stick but as accuracy of plans/specs increases, so does the time and effort and skill that is required to complete the estimate.

question

Digitizer

answer

An electronic pen used with software to assist in quantity takeoff portion of estimating

question

Lead Time

answer

Amount of time it takes for products or equipment to be delivered to job site

question

Liquidated Damages

answer

amount of money per day the contractor is required to pay the owner if the project goes over schedule

question

Quantity Surveyors

answer

People who count up and calculate quantities of materials, labor, and equipment

question

Query List

answer

developed by estimator List of questions needing clarification

question

Scope Sheet

answer

identifies all items of work to be performed under a specific trade or category ex. masonry, siding

question

Takeoff

answer

Process of measuring plans to quantify materials, labor, equipment

question

WBS

answer

Work Breakdown Structure: establishes the basic building blocks of both the estimate and schedule. The purpose is to organize and identify the work of the project by breaking down each divisions of work into a separate work package.

question

Work Packages

answer

A work package is detailed items of work bundled together under a particular trade.

question

What is a construction estimate?

answer

summary of probable quantities and costs of materials, labor, equipment, and subcontracts to complete a project including taxes, overhead, profit

question

Four primary categories of cost in estimate:

answer

1. materials 2. labor 3. equipment 4. subcontracts

question

How are estimates organized?

answer

1995 CSI- 16 divisions 2004 CSI- 48 divisions

question

Type of estimate needed when meeting with a client for the first time and they wanted a rough idea about their project cost:

answer

Rough order of magnitude (ROM)

question

Four preparation steps taken to start the estimating process:

answer

1. review plans and specs 2. develop query list 3. attend prebid meeting 4. visit site

question

General Conditions:

answer

same thing as indirect costs represent expenses incurred in order to deliver and manage materials, labor, equipment, subcontracts employed on any job. supervision, cleanup, temp utilities, security fencing

question

Unit of measure used for pricing general conditions:

answer

unit of time: hour, week, or month

question

Four characteristics exhibited in a quality estimate:

answer

1. correct quantities 2. accurate labor hours 3. correct pricing 4. completeness 5. clear paper trail 6. proper overhead 7. proper profit 8. accurate calculations

question

When will you know the true accuracy of your estimate?

answer

when the project is complete and costs and expenses have been added up.

question

Backward Pass

answer

begins at project must finish date and tells you the latest an activity can start and end to finish on time late dates

question

Critical Path

answer

a continuous chain of activities with the longest (combined) overall duration in the network diagram. Critical to mangament because the critical path determines project duration and any delays along the way

question

Float/Slack

answer

the amount of time that an activities start can be delayed without impacting completion date

question

Forward Pass

answer

begins at start date and determines the earliest an activity can start or finish early dates

question

Gantt Chart

answer

Uses bars to show the length of each activity Advantages: Easy to understand and follow because it relates durations to calendar days Disadvantage: Doesn't show relationships between activities

question

Network Diagrams

answer

CPM (critical path method) Advantages: Shows activity relationships and durations Disadvantages: Don't provide the visual clarity that Gantt Charts provide

question

Network Logic

answer

you determine what activities must take place, what order they will take place this results in network logic

question

Precedence Diagramming

answer

AON Network Diagram

question

Short-Interval Schedules

answer

LOOK AHEAD SCHEDULES usually 3 weeks acts as a work plan for crew on site

question

Special Purpose Schedule

answer

Keep track of activities that support the work Delivery schedules Submittal schedules Inspection schedules

question

Most common types of schedules:

answer

1. Gantt Chart (bar) 2. Network Diagram

question

Techniques used to create network diagram:

answer

1. AOA- activity on arrow: Activity is on the Arrow and nodes show relationships Nodes between activity arrows show the start and end of the connected activities 2. AON- activity on node Activity is noted on the node and the arrows show relationships Most commonly used during sequencing stage

question

Another term for AON

answer

Activity on Node Diagram or Precedence diagram MOST COMMONLY USED

question

Lookahead Schedule

answer

developed by superintendents and trade foremen to coordinate the work and activities over a short period of time (two weeks to a month) often hand drawn distributed to specific trades

question

Three stages of network diagram development

answer

1. planning 2. sequencing 3. scheduling

question

Types of Activities included in schedule

answer

Production: installing siding Procurement: ordering windows Administrative: obtaining building permits

question

Three scheduling activities needed to create critical path and duration

answer

1. Forward Pass 2. Backward Pass 3. Total Float Calculations

question

Which activities are on critical path

answer

activities with no float are on the critical path

question

Cost Code

answer

reference number assigned to each work activity based on CSI division and type of cost

question

Cost Control

answer

Monitoring process used to track variances between actual and planned performance

question

Crashing the Schedule

answer

compressing the overall schedule by accelerating certain activities within it so that they finish sooner

question

Earned Value Analysis

answer

used to determine estimated value of work completed and make sure it is inline with the actual work completed

question

Escalation Clause

answer

a special time clause negotiated in contract when there is suspicion that some pricing component is in a high state (flux). This clause allows for adjustments to be made to the estimate upon current pricing.

question

Forecast

answer

periodic predictions of final costs and scheduling

question

Variance

answer

Different between actual projects and planned performance

question

Seven Steps in Project Control Cycle

answer

1. develop project plan 2. establish benchmarks 3. monitor performance 4. identify performance deviations 5. evaluate corrective options (working 2 shifts/longer hours) 6. make adjustments 7. document, report, evaluate results

question

Two essentials of project control system

answer

1. information 2. good reporting system

question

Three sources used to gather field information needed to develop project control

answer

1. material invoices 2. time cards 3. subcontractor billing statements

question

Two CM functions needed to receive accurate and complete information from job site

answer

1. field information 2. historical estimating databses

question

How is a cost code used

answer

used to track all items of work contributing to overall project costs

question

Three Factors that can impact project performance

answer

1. weather 2. quality of workforce 3. inadequate tools 4. defective models 5. overcrowded job sites

question

Riskiest element of project planning and control

answer

estimating productivity

question

What does it mean to forecast in construction- regarding project controls

answer

to predict the final costs and schedule outcomes on a project while work is still in progress. Construction managers forecast final cost and competition dated on regularly

question

BIM Model

answer

Building Information Modeling -a digital representation of the physical and functional characteristics of a building displayed as 3D model

question

Clash detention

answer

process for effectively identifying unintended material or system interferences in a 3D model

question

Central repository approach

answer

Ideal- not practical All project information can be loaded into one database to create single BIM model

question

Construction model

answer

Contains construction specific information: cost & scheduling data

question

Design-intent model

answer

Focuses on communication design information through 3D model

question

Distributed repository approach

answer

BIM model consists of a collection of separate databases maintained within distinct programs

question

Interoperability

answer

the biggest challenge in the industry. the capability of a system to interaction with other systems without limitations or restrictions

question

Virtual Construction

answer

process in which a builder simulates, analyses, and plans a building project in a computerized environment before and during the actual construction process to try to avoid problems and accurately predict detailed costs, schedules and physical outcomes.

question

Difference between 3D CAD and BIM

answer

A BIM Model is attached to a database that holds all pertinent information about the objects that make up a project. A 3D CAD model is not linked to any database.

question

4D BIM

answer

scheduling (time)

question

5D BIM

answer

estimating (cost)

question

Ways contractors use BIM (10)

answer

1. design visualization 2. design assistance & constructibilyt review 3. operations and maintenance 4. site planning & utilization 5. 4D scheduling 6. 5D estimating 7. integration of subcontractor and supplier data 8. systems coordination 9. layout and fieldwork 10. prefabrication

question

Stereoscopic Projection

answer

3D video display of a computer-generated virtual reality environment

Construction Management JumpStart- Jackson – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards