Consciousness & Stress; AP Psychology – Flashcards
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Consciousness is
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Our awareness of ourselves and our enviornment
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Hypnosis involves a state of
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Heightened openness to suggestion
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People are particularly responsive to hypnosis if they______________
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Strongly expect that they can be hypnotized
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Researchers have demonstrated that hypnosis can be useful in
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Treating obesity
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While Bev was hypnotized, her therapist suggested that during the next several days she would have a strong desire to eat well-balanced meals. The therapist was apparently making use of
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Posthypnotic suggestion
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Advocates of the social influence theory of hypnosis are likely to argue that
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Hypnotized people are simply enacting the role of good hypnotic subjects
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Ernest Hilgard suggested that participants felt little pain when their arms were lowered into ice baths because
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Hypnosis dissociates the pain sensation form the emotional suffering that people
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Dissociation refers to
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A state of divided consciousness
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Circadian rhythm refers to
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A pattern of biological functioning that occurs on roughly 24-hour cycle
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Alpha waves are associated with
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Relaxed but awake state
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Sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus are called
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Hallucinations
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The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during NREM-2 sleep are called
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Sleep spindles
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Which of the following is most accurate about a typical night's sleep?
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As sleep progresses, NREM-3 sleep dimities while REM sleep increases
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The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep are called
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Delta waves
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Fast and jerky movements of the eyes are especially likely to be associated with
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REM sleep
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40 yr old Lance insists that he never dreams. Research suggest that he probably
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Would report a vivid dream if he were awakened during REM sleep
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The circadian rhythm is influenced by light-sensitive retinal proteins that trigger signals to the
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Suprachiasmatic nucleus
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Sleep deprivation has been shown to
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Diminish immunity to disease
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Traffic accident rates have been found to _________ after the spring change to daylight savings time and to __________ after the fall change back to standard time
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Increase; decrease
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Deep sleep appears to play an important role in
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Physical growth
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Slow-waves sleep promotes
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Effective memory
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Layla has difficulty going to sleep and staying asleep. Layla is most likely suffering from
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Insomnia
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Which of the following sleep disorders would be the most incapacitating for a commercial bus driver?
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Narcolepsy
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Obesity is a risk factor for developing which of the following sleep disorders
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Sleep apnea
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About three hours after he falls asleep, Bobby often sits up in bed screaming incoherently. His mother tries to awaken him, but with no success. His pulse races and he gasps for breath. The next morning, remembers nothing. It appears that Bobby suffers from
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Night Terrors
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Freud called the remembered story line of a dream its ______ content
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Manifest
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After suffering a trauma, people commonly report an increase in
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Threatening dreams
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One theory suggests that the brain activity associated with ______ is helpful for developing and preserving neural pathways in the brain
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Dreaming
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Chemical substances that alter perceptions and moods are called _____ drugs
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Psychoactive
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The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of
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Tolerance
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Drug tolerance refers to the
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Reduced effect of a drug resulting from its regular usage
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The discomfort and distress that follow the discontinued use of certain drugs is called
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Withdrawal
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Although Max never experiences caffeine withdrawal symptoms, he feels that he needs coffee every morning as part of his daily routine, Max best illustrates
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Psychological dependence
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Research on the use of addictive drugs indicates that
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Many people are able to stop using addictive drugs without professional help
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Research indicates that alcohol
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Disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long-term memories
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Participants in a sexual stimulation study who mistakenly thought they had consumed alcohol were more likely to report having strong sexual fantasies and feeling guilt-free than those who thought they had not consumed alcohol. This study best illustrated the impact of
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User expectations
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Why is it dangerous to combine alcohol with a sleeping pill?
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Alcohol and sleeping pills are depressants; their combined action reduces nervous system activity and can lead to death
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Morphine and heroin are
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Opiates
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Which of the following drugs is classified as a stimulant?
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Nicotine
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One of the immediate effects of Ecstasy is
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Dehydration
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Near-death experiences are
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Often accompanied by visions of bright lights
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As you are waiting to be interviewed for a job, your heart rate, body temperature, and breathing rate begin to increase. These physiological changes are produced by activation of the ______ nervous
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Sympathetic
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In the 1920 Walter Cannon discovered that stress produced an outpouring of _____ into the bloodstream,
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Epinephrine and norepinephrine
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The fight or flight response is to___ as the general adaptation syndrome is to _____
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Walter Cannon, Hans Selye
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The three successive phases of the general adaptation syndrome are
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Alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion
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Cameron, a 50 yr old electrician opens his pay envelope and to his surprise fins a pink slip inside indicating that he has been fired from his job. Which phase of GNS is he most likely experiencing?
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Alarm reaction
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Resistance to stress is greatest during ______ of the GNS
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Phase 5
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Margo never enjoys spring break because at the end of every finals week she catches a bad cold, Margo is most likely in which stage of the GNS
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Exhaustion
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The white blood cells that fight bacterial infectious and attack cancer cells and viruses are called
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Telomeres
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The macrophage and lymphocytes are major agents of the
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Limbic system
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Although stress does not create cancer cells, it may affect their growth by suppressing the activity of
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T Lymphocytes
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The greatest number of deaths in North America today results from
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Heart disease
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Who is the best Example of a Type A personality?
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Mara, an irritable, impatient teacher
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Who is the best Example of a Type B personality?
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Wang Lung, a relaxed, easygoing dentist
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In their classic 9 year study, Friedman and Rosenman found that Type A men are especially susceptible to
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Heart attacks
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Studying initially healthy men over a 10 year period, researchers found that pessimistic adult men were more than twice as likely as optimistic men to experience
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Coronary heart disease
