Computing Essentials Chapter 4 – Flashcards
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The collection of programs that handles many of the technical details related to using a computer is called the ______.
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operating system
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Windows
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most widely used microcomputer operating system and can run with a variety of different microprocessors
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Mac OS
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runs on Apple computers
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Unix
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used by servers on the Web, mainframe computers and powerful microcomputers
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Linux
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a popular open source alternative to Windows
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Windows utilities
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Optimize Drives Disk Cleanup File History
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Documents, worksheets, programs, and presentations are all examples of _____.
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files
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manage resources
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coordinate memory, processing, storage, and devices
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provide user interface
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allow users to interact with application programs and computer hardware
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run applications
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load and run applications
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Basic categories of operating systems
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stand-alone network embedded
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tab
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divide menus into major activity areas
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dialog box
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provide information or request input
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help
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provide online assistance for operating system functions and procedures
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A good way to organize related files is to store them within a ______.
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folder
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tablet and smartphones use _____ type of operating system
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mobile OS mobile operating system
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File History
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makes a copy of all files that are in the libraries, contacts, and favorites and on the desktop
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Disk Cleanup
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identifies and eliminates nonessential files
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Optimize Drives
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locates and eliminates fragments and rearranges files and unused disk space
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A _______ works with the operating system to allow communication between the device and the rest of the computer system.
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driver
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_____ are specialized programs to make computing easier.
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utilities
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_____ software controls where a program is stored in memory, how commands are converted so that the system unit can process them, and where files are saved.
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system software
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Utility programs
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file compression diagnostic antivirus backup
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This is an example of the _______ operating system, which is a powerful alternative to Windows.
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Linux
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Select all of the common names associated with someone who resolves common technical problems faced by computer users.
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computer support specialist help-desk technician technical support specialist
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Android
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owned by Google and widely used in many of today's smartphones
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iOS
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used in iPhone, iPod Touch, and iPad
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Windows Phone 8
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owned by Microsoft and used in a variety of portable devices mainly for social networking and instant messaging
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Select all the types of system software.
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operating systems utilities language translators device drivers
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The place that provides access to computer resources allowing you to interact with the operating system's graphical user interface.
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desktop
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______ are specialized programs that allow particular input or output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system.
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device drivers
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the operating system on a smartphone would be ______.
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embedded
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The means for a user to interact with application programs and computer hardware describes the _____.
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user interface
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The goal of the _______ utility program is to locate and eliminate unnecessary fragments and rearrange files and unused disk space.
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Disk Defragmenter
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Utility suites
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BitDefender Norton Utilities ZoneAlarm
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A _____ provides information or requests input.
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dialog box
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Versions of Windows
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Windows 8 Windows 7
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In a graphical user interface a graphical representation for a program, file, or function is called a(n) _____.
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icon
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Mac OS X ________ was released in 2012 and designed for desktops and laptops. The functionality is similar to Windows 8.
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Mountain Lion
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______ software would control where a word processing program is stored in memory.
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System software
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______ coordinate computer responses, provide an interface between users and the computer, and run applications.
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Operating Systems
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The operating system feature which is a rectangular area for displaying information and running programs.
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Window
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Use Windows Update to update the _____ on your computer.
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drivers
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________ control is the ability to control operations with finger movements, such as swiping, sliding, and pinching.
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Gesture
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In a graphical user interface, ______ provide a list of options and commands.
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menus
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The ______ utility program makes a copy of files to help protect you from the effects of a disk failure.
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File History
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_______ is the ability of the operating system to switch between different applications stored in memory.
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Multitasking
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_______ is the most popular desktop operating system.
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Windows
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_______ is an operating system feature that provide(s) online assistance for operating system functions and procedures.
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Help
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A program associated with a device that works with the operating system to allow communication between the device and the rest of the computer system.
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Device driver
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A file is said to be fragmented when it cannot be saved on a single track across contiguous wedge shaped sections called _______.
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sectors
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Monitoring system performance is an example of how the operating system ________.
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Manages resources
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_______ operating systems control a single desktop or laptop computer.
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Stand-alone
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_______ perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources.
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Utilities
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The operating system is often called the software environment or software _______.
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platform
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In a graphical user interface, the _____ is used to select items.
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pointer
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In a graphical user interface, _____ divide menus into major activity areas.
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tabs
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_______ operating systems are used to control and coordinate computers that are linked together.
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Network
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When a file cannot be saved on a single track across contiguous sectors and has to be broken up into small parts it is said to be ______.
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fragmented
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On a hard disk a _______ is a concentric ring.
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Track
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You would run this program on your hard drive to ______ and improve system performance.
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free up disk space
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The ______mobile operating system was originally developed in 2012 by Microsoft to support a variety of portable devices, including smartphones.
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Windows Phone 8
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The ______ mobile operating system was introduced in 2007 and is now owned by Google.
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Android
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_______ operating systems are used to control and coordinate computers that are linked together.
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Network
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The ______ utility program makes a copy of files to help protect you from the effects of a disk failure.
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File History
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Utility suites often provide programs that will protect your system from dangerous programs called computer ______.
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viruses
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Starting or restarting the computer is called ______ the system.
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booting
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On a hard disk a ________ is a concentric ring.
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track
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_______ convert programming instructions into a language that the computer can process.
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Language translators
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A ______ boot is when you power on a computer that is off.
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cold boot
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What could you use if you wanted to run two or more applications each requiring a different operating system?
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Virtualization
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When a computer is running virtualization software, it is operating as though it were two or more separate and independent computers known as
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virtual machines
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When a computer is running virtualiztion software, the operating system for each virtual machine is known as the _______.
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guest operating system
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An ______ operating system is one in which users can modify and further develop the code.
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open source
