Computer Programming Chapter 1 – Flashcards
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Is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task.
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Program
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Programs are commonly referred to.
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Software
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Is a person with the training and skills necessary to design, create, and test computer programs.
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Software Developer
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refers to all the physical devices, or components, of which a computer is made.
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Hardware
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1. CPU 2. Main Memory 3. Secondary Storage Devices 4. Input devices 5. Output devices
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Major Components of a computer system
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When a computer is performing the tasks that a program tells it to do.
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Running or Executing
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Is the part of a computer that actually runs programs.
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Central Processing Unit or CPU
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Built in 1945, first programmable electronic computer made to calculate artillery ballistic tables for the U.S. army.
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ENIAC
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Small chips of CPU's
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Microprocessors
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When a CPU executes the instructions in a program.
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fetch-decode-execute cycle.
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Read the next instruction from memory into the CPU
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Fetch
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Helps decode the instructions that was just fetched from the memory.
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Decode
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Perform the operation.
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Execute
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Most fundamental set of programs on a computer. Controls the internal operations of the computer's hardware, manages all the devices connected to the computer, allows data to be saved to and retrieved from storage devices, and allows other programs to run on the computer.
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Operating systems
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performs a specialized task that enhances the computer's operation or safeguards data.
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Utility program
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Use to create, modify, and test software are referred to as software development tools.
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Software Development Tools
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Also called random access memory or RAM, it is like short-term memory. It stores data while the computer is running. When the computer is turned off or if there is a loss of power, any data in the main memory disappears. The computer can read from and write to this type of memory.
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Main memory
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Secondary storage is all addressable data storage that is not currently in the computer's main storage or memory. Synonyms are external storage and auxiliary storage.
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Secondary storage
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low level programming language using the human readable instructions of CPU
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Assembly language
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Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
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mnemonics
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A program that takes as input a program written in assembly language and translates it into machine code or machine language
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assembler
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A programming language that is designed to be easy for a computer to execute; also called "machine language" or "assembly language."
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low-level language
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A programming language whose concepts and structures are convenient for human reasoning. Such languages are independent of the structures of computers and operating systems.
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High-Level language
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This is a combination of human prose (language) and computer programming language.
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pseudo-code
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Words that make up a high-level programming language.
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keywords or reserved words
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Perform various operations on data.
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operators
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A set of rules that must be strictly followed when writing a program.
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syntax
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Consist of keywords, operators, punctuation, and other allowable programming elements, arranged in the proper sequence to perform an operation
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statements
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Program that translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program.
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compiler
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program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program.
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interpreter
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The statements that a programmer writes in a high level language.
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source code
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Is a mistake such as a misspelled keyword, a missing punctuation character, or the incorrect use of an operator.
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Syntax error
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This is how negative numbers are encoded.
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two's complement
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This is how real numbers are encoded.
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floating-point notation
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Extensive encoding scheme and is compatible with ASCII
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Unicode
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is data that is stored in binary.
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Digital Data
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Device that works with binary data.
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Digital Device
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This is what digital pictures are composed of....
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Pixels (picture element)
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Describe some data that you are going to be manipulating.
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Variables
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divided into eight smaller storage locations. tiny switches that can be turned on or off.
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Byte
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are names of things, such as variables, constant, methods and classes
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Identifiers
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sequence of one or more operands and zero or more operators that can be evaluated to a single value, object, method.
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Expression
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The order in which statements are executed in a program. Depending on how the program reacts to input that it receives at run time.
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Flow of control
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Is an editor for creating source code.
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IDE
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consists of programs designed to make users more productive and/or assist with personal tasks
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Application software
