Computer literacy part one – Flashcards
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abacus
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A manual counting device that people used to add, subtract, multiply, and divide by moving beads along parallel rods.
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algorithm
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In software programs, a step-by-step procedure that programmers use in coding instructions for solving specific problems using programming languages and program development tools.
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all-in-one desktop
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A desktop computer that combines the system unit with the monitor so the computer is a single unit.
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antivirus
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A program that finds and removes viruses, Trojan horses, worms, and bots from a computer and scans incoming and outgoing email messages to identify threats.
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App
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Short for application software, a program that lets you perform specific tasks, such as writing a document, analyzing a set of numbers, or preparing a presentation
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Application Software
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A program you use when you listen to music, edit photos, go to Web sites, check and send email, or perform a task as you are using a computer or smartphone. Also called app or application software program.
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arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
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The part of the CPU that performs arithmetic operations, such as addition and subtraction, and comparison operations, such as comparing two numbers to see if they are the same. The ALU temporarily holds data, such as two numbers to add, in registers, or small storage locations within the CPU.
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artificial intelligence (AI)
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A branch of computer science devoted to increasing the intelligence of machines.
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ASCII
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An eight-bit coding scheme, with a binary code representing each uppercase letter, lowercase letter, mathematical operator, and logical operation.
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assembler
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A software tool used by software programmers that translates assembly language into machine code. See also Assembly language and Machine code.
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assembly language
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A software development language that uses symbols and abbreviations known as "op codes."
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audio input device
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A device, such as microphone or headset, that lets you enter sound to a computer
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backed up
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Describes data that is copied to an external drive or online location for safekeeping.
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benchmark
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A test run by a laboratory or other organization to determine processor speed and other computer performance factors.
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biometric device
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A data collection machine that creates a digital imprint of a physical characteristic and then transfers that information to a host system for review.
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BIOS
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The basic input/output system, which includes the instructions for starting a computer as it performs the power-on self-test (POST). See also Power-on self-test (POST).
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bit
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Short for binary digit, the smallest unit of information handled by a computer and the basis of today's computer processing. A bit can have the value of 0 or 1.
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beta
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A test version of software distributed by software publishers to selected users so they can help identify problems and even request new features before final software is released.
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byte
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A group of 8 bits used in digital electronics to measure digital storage capacity; a byte can represent a letter, symbol, or number.
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cache
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Hardware that connects network devices in a wired network through ports (outlets), using connectors that match each type of port opening.
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bitmap
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An image based on pixels in which a color value is assigned to each pixel to give the illusion of continuity and to create a realistic-looking image
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boot
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To start a computer
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bus
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An electronic channel that allows the CPU and various devices inside or attached to a computer to communicate.
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bot
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A program that performs a repetitive task such as sending email messages. Botnet A group of zombie computers
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central processing unit (CPU
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An integrated circuit that processes all computer instructions and makes it possible to operate a computer. Also called microprocessor. See also processor.
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clock speed
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The speed of the processor clock, which sets how fast the CPU executes instructions.
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code library
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In programming software, a module of customizable code for common functions such as accessing files or issuing the Print command.
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cold boot
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The process of restarting your computer from a powered-down state, instead of restarting with the power on
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command-line interface
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A way that a computer presents information to users so that the users must type lines of commands to accomplish tasks. Also called command-line user interface. See also Graphical user interface (GUI).
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compiler
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A software tool used by software programmers that translates source code from high-level languages into machine code so it can be understood by the processor. Also called interpreters.
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computer programmer
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A person that writes software programs; also called a developer
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concurrent-use license
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A software license agreement that allows a specified number of copies of software to be used at any given time within an organization; typically priced per copy.
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copyright
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Law that gives authors and artists the legal right to sell, publish, or distribute an original work, including computer software; it goes into effect as soon as the work exists in physical form. The copyright is the exclusive intellectual property of the work's creator, such as the software developer or publisher.
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core
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A processor unit in a CPU.
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crash
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A person that uses computers to destroy data, steal information, and commit other malicious crimes.
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cycle
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The smallest unit of time a computer process can measure
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custom software
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A program that is designed to meet the unique needs of an organization or business; may be created by outside companies or by a company's internal developers.
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database
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A type of application software used to create and manage data, such as customer names and addresses. Also, a collection of data, often organized and stored electronically.
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debugger
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A program that examines software code line by line to identify errors or bugs, such as incorrect formulas or logic errors
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desktop
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A main workspace for interacting with your computer. Also, a form factor for computers that typically sit on a desk. The system unit is housed in a case, or tower, that sits on the desk or floor.
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device driver
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A utility program that tells the OS how to interact with a peripheral device such as a printer, keyboard, mouse, modem, or scanner.
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Digital Rights Management (DRM
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A collection of technologies used by software publishers and trade groups to fight software piracy and prevent unauthorized copying of digital content; includes authentication, certificates of authenticity, encryption, and digital watermarks.
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download
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To electronically copy information, such as packaged software, from the Internet to your computer.
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dynamic RAM (DRAM)
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An inexpensive type of RAM that needs to be recharged constantly or it loses its data. See also Static RAM (SRAM) and Magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM).
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earbud
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A type of headphone providing speakers small enough to place in the ear.
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electrically erasable programmable memory (EEPROM
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A type of programmable memory that can be programmed more than once.
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embedded software
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A program that is typically stored on a computer chip inside an appliance or vehicle.
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end-user license agreement (EULA)
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A legal agreement that gives a user the right to use software. See also Single-user license and Multiple-user license.
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facial recognition system
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A biometric input device that scans a person's face and then provides the scan to a database for identification.
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Plotters
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______ Is also known as large format printers
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RAM Chip
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The ______ _______ contains the BIOS which is connected to the motherboard.
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ultrabooks
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____ weighs less than 4lbs
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Voice synthesizer
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A ____ _____ audio output device that converts text to speech.
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Platters
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A Magnetic hard drive is made up of one or mare disk called _____ that spin on a spindle
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desk top computer
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1st type of PC
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Motherboard
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The _______ is the main circuit board that houses most of the computers electronics.
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Machine language
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_____ ______ USes 1's and 0's which are binary codes to run directly on the processor.
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Compilers
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____ interprets high level language
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Gigaheretz
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______ specifies billion of cycles per second
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TRUE
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bytes is about data and hertz is about processing speed. TRUE OR FALSE
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Toner
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___ a fined powder when heated on the page
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control unit and ALU
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The two most important parts of the CPU are the _____ and ______
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Charles Babbich
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in 1834 English mathematician _____ _____ designed the 1st calculator.
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TRUE
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scanner creates hardcopy output on paper. TRUE OR FALSE
