computer ch 1 – Flashcards
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who is considered to be the first computer programmer
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Ada Lovelace
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what resembles incandescent lights, give off a lot of heat, and are not notoriously reliable
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vacuum tubes
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what is a complex, integrated circuit
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microprocessor
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what is the binary code that can represent most currently used language characters as well as mathematical and graphic symbols
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Unicode
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what type of portable computer is the smallest
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netbook
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what are high-end desktop computers used in a business environment called
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workstations
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what are devices such as smart phones and tablets which are small computers that we carry with us
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mobile devices
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what shares the processing of a task across multiple computer systems
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distributed computing
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computers in traffic lights, at supermarket checkouts, and in appliances are examples of what type of computers
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embedded
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what is an example of convergence
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smart home
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computers convert data into information using the information processing cycle
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true
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first generation computers used switches and vacuum tubes
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true
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today's computers use transistors and microprocessors
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false
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Moore's law states that the number of transistors that can be placed on an integrated circuit will double roughly every 18 months to 2 years
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true
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ASCII contains codes for all of the languages in use today
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false
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ergonomics allows you to design a workspace for your comfort and health
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true
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all-in-one is another name for a notebook computer
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false
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users connect to servers via clients
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true
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GPS was originally built by the military
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true
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the idea that computers are all around us is called embedded computing
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true
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a computer is a programmable machine that converts raw data into what
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info
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the development of what made the creation of the microprocessor possible
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integrated circuit
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the use of what in place of vacuum tubes allowed second-generation computers to be more powerful, smaller, more reliable, and able to be programmed in far less time
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transistors
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what was the first working, digital, general-purpose computer
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ENIAC
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what design creates a work environment designed to reduce illness and musculoskeletal disorder
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ergonomic
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what computers are built by Apple and run the OS X operating system
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mac
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what is a hands-free computer designed to be worn on the body
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wearable
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what are computers that provide services, such as Internet access, email, or file and print services, to client systems
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servers
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what are very expensive computer systems that are used to perform complex mathematical calculations, such as those used in weather forecasting and medical research
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supercomputers
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what is technology that is invisible to us called
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ubiquitous computing
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A desktop system unit that houses the computer's processor, memory, and monitor in a single unit.
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all-in-one computer
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(American Standard Code for Information Interchange) is the most common format for text files in computers and on the Internet. In an ASCII file, each alphabetic, numeric, or special character is represented with a 7-bit binary number (a string of seven 0s or 1s). 128 possible characters are defined.
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ASCII
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How the computer communicates using ones and zeros using digital information patterns. This is transformed into analog for us to understand.
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binary code
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The number system used by computers; it has only two numbers, 0 and 1, called binary digits, or bits.
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binary number system
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Application of mathematics and computer science to store, retrieve, and analyze biological data
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bioinformatics
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smallest unit of digital information
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bit
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8 bits
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byte
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what users use to connect to minicomputers/ midrange servers
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client
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manageable machine that converts raw data into useful information
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computer
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integration of technology
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convergence
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the raw form of info
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data
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Computer designed so the system unit, input devices, output devices, and any other devices fit entirely on or under a desk or table.
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desktop computer
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A form of computing where systems in different locations communicate and collaborate to complete a task.
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distributed computing
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a specialized computer found in ordinary devices
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embedded computer
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Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer, was the first large scale, electronic, digital computer.
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ENIAC
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How a user sets up his or her computer and other equipment to minimize risk of injury or discomfort.
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ergonomics
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A system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers.
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GPS
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Environmentally conscious computing consisting of three major components: power management, virtualization, and e-waste management.
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green computing
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is an approach to high performance computing that uses the spare processing capacity of computers connected to a network. Each computer is given a small portion of the task to process in its spare time.
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grid computing
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A portable computer that is small enough to be held in one's hand.
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handheld
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Data converted into a meaningful and useful context
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information
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the process a computer uses to convert data into information
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information processing cycle
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3rd generation computers - A group of tiny transistors and electric wires built on a silicon wafer, or chip.
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integrated circuit
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a personal computer manufactured by Apple
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Mac
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A large expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously.
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mainframe
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4th generation computer - A small circuit board that controls all the CPU within a computer.
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microprocessor
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smallest multiuser computer
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minicomputer
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a portable computer that you take everywhere
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mobile device
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Accurately predicted that computer processing power would double every 18 to 24 months
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Moore's law
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A system that allows multiple, simultaneous users to connect to it, allowing for centralized resources and security. Multiuser computers are also more powerful than personal computers.
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multiuser computer
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a small laptop computer designed primarily for accessing Internet-based applications.
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netbook
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A ____ (or laptop) is a portable version of a desktop system. It often has similar hardware and runs similar software.
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notebook
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a small microprocessor-based computer designed to be used by one person at a time
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personal computer
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A computer in a network that provides access to other computers in the network to programs, web pages, data, or other files and services, such as printer access or communications access.
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server
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A specially designed computer that can perform complex calculations extremely rapidly; used in situations in which complex models requiring intensive mathematical calculations are needed (such as weather forecasting or atomic energy research).
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supercomputer
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A type of notebook computer that has an LCD screen on which the user can write using a special-purpose pen, or stylus.
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tablet PC
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A small electronic device used in a circuit as an amplifier or switch
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transistor
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The condition in which computing is so woven into the fabric of everyday life that it becomes indistinguishable from it.
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ubiquitous computing
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A coding scheme similar to ASCII that attempts to represent characters in most of the world's languages using 2bytes for each one.
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Unicode
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An electronic device that controls the flow of electrons in a vacuum and represents binary data; used in the construction of first generation computers.
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vacuum tube
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Embedded with computing chip that enables an individual to play interactive games with video technology
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video game system
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a form of distributed computing that relies on the processing power of hundreds or thousands of volunteers' personal computers
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volunteer computing
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A computer designed to be worn on the body.
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wearable
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A computer connected to a network at which users interact with software stored on the network.
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workstation
