Computer Analysis Ch 8 – Flashcards
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Communications
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Describes a process in which two or more computers or devices transfer data, instructions, and information
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Sending Device
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Initiates an instruction to transmit data, instructions, or information
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Communications Channel
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Transmission media on which the data, instructions, or information travel
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Receiving Device
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Accepts the transmission of data, instructions, or information
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Blogs
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time-stamped articles on a network that reflect the author's interests, opinions, and personality
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Chat Rooms
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Real-time typed conversation among two or more people that takes place on a computer connected to a network that also may allow the exchange of messages, photos, files, audio, and video
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E-mail
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transmission of messages and files via a computer network
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Fax
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Transmits and receives documents over telephone lines
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FTP
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internet standard that permits users to upload and download files to and from FTP servers on the Internet
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Instant messaging
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Real-time one-on-one internet communications service that notifies you when one or more people are online and then allows you to exchange messages, photos, files, audio, and video
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Internet
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worldwide collection of networks that links millions of business, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals
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Newsgroups
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online areas in which users have written discussions about a particular subject
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RSS
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specification that enables web content to be distributed to subscribers
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Video Conferencing
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real-time meeting between two or more geographically separated people who use a network to transmit audio and video data
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VoIP
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conversation that takes place over the internet using a telephone connected to a computer, mobile device, or telephone adapter
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Web
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worldwide collection of electronic documents on the internet that users access through a web browser
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Web 2.0
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web sites that provide a means for users to share personal information, allow users to modify web site content, and/or have application software built into the site for visitors to use
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Web Folders
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location on a web server to which users publish documents and other files
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Wikis
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collaborative web sites that allow users to create, add to, modify, or delete web site content
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Text Messaging
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also called SMS (short message service) capability allows users to send and receive short text messages, typically fewer than 300 characters, on a phone or other mobile device or computer
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Mobile to Mobile
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send a message from your mobile device to another mobile device
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Mobile to E-Mail
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send a message from you mobile device to an e-mail address anywhere in the world
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Web to Mobile
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send a message from a text messaging Web site to a mobile device, or request that a web site alert a mobile device with breaking news and other updates, such as sports scores, stock prices, and weather forecasts
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Mobile to Provider
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send a message by entering a four- or five-digit number assigned to a specific content or wireless service provider, followed by the message, such as a vote for a television program contestant
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Picture Messaging
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users can send pictures and sound files, as well as short text messages, to a phone or other mobile device, or a computer
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IM
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instant messaging- a real-time internet communications service that allows wireless mobile devices to exchange messages with one or more mobile devices or online users
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Wireless Internet Access Point
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using notebook computers, smart phones, handheld game consoles, or other devices to connect wirelessly to the internet
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Hot Spot
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a wireless network that provides internet connections to mobile computers and devices
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Global Positioning System (GPS)
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a navigation system that consists of one or more earth-based receivers that accept and analyze signals sent by satellites in order to determine the receiver's geographic location
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Collaborate
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or work online, with other users connected to a server
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Collaborative Software
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includes tools that enable users to share documents via online meetings and communicate with other connected users
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Web Conference
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an online meeting that takes place on the web
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Document Management System
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provides for storage and management of a company's documents, presentations, and spreadsheets
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Groupware
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software that helps groups of people work together on projects and share information over a network
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Voice Mail
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functions much like an answering machine, allows someone to leave a voice message for one or more people
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Visual Voice Mail
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users can view message details such as the length of calls and , in some cases, read message contents instead of listening to them
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Web services
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describe standardized software that enables programmers to create applications that communicate with other remote computers over the Internet or over an internal business network
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Mashup
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a web application that combines services from two or more sources, creating a new application
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Network
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a collection of computers and devices connected together via communications devices and transmission media
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Value-Added Network
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a third-party business that provides networking services for a fee
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Local Area Network
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a network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area such as a home, school computer laboratory, office building, or closely positioned group of buildings
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Wireless LAN
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a LAN that uses no physical wires
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Metropolitan Area Network
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a high-speed network that connects local area networks in a metropolitan area such as a city or town and handles the bulk of communications activity across the region
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Wide Area Network
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a network that covers a large geographic area (such as a city, country, or the world) using a communications channel that combines many types of media such as telephone lines, cables, and radio waves
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Client/Server Network
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one or more computers ct as a server; the other computers on the network request services from the server
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Server
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controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on the network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information
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Clients
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are other computers and mobile devices on the network that rely on the server for its resources
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Peer-to-Peer
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one type is a simple, inexpensive network that typically connects fewer than 10 computers
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P2P
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another type of peer-to-peer describes an internet network on which users access each others hard disks and exchange files directly
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Network Topology
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refers to the layout of the computers and devices in a communications network
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Star Network
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All of the computer and devices (nodes) on the network connect to a central device, thus forming a star
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Bus Network
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consists of a single central cable, to which all computers and other devices connect
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Ring Network
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a cable forms a closed loop (ring) with all computers and devices arranged along the ring
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Intranet
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An internal network that uses internet technologies. Generally make company information accessible to employees and facilitate working in groups.
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Network Standard
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defines guidelines that specify the way computers access the medium to which they are attached, the type(s) of physical cable and/or the wireless technology used
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Ethernet
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a network standard that specifies no central computer or device on the network (nodes) should control when data can be transmitted; that is, each node attempts to transmit data when it determines the network is able to receive communications
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Token Ring
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standard specifies that computers and devices on the network share or pass a special signal, called a token, in a unidirectional manner and in a preset order
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Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
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A network standard, specifically a protocol, that defines how messages (data) are routed from one end of a network to the other. Describes rule for dividing messages into small pieces, called packets; providing addresses for each packet; checking for and detecting errors; sequencing packets; and regulating the flow of messages along the network.
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Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity)
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which identifies any network based on the 802.11 standards
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802.11
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a series of network standards that specifies how two wireless devices communicate over the air with each other
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Bluetooth
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a standard, specifically a protocol, that defines how to Bluetooth devices use short-range radio waves to transmit data
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UWB
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Ultra-wideband
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Ultra-Wideband
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a network standard that specifies how two UWB devices use short-range radio waves to communicate at high speeds with each other
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IrDA
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a specifications that devices use to transmit data wirelessly to each other via infrared (IR) light waves
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RFID
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Radio Frequency identification
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RFID
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a standard, specifically a protocol, that defines how a network uses radio signals to communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object, an animal, or a person
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WiMAX
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Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
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WiMAX
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also known as 802.16, is a newer network standard developed by IEEE that specifies how wireless devices communicate over the air in a wide area
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WAP
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Wireless Application Protocol
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Wireless Application Protocol
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a standard, specifically a protocol, that specifies how some mobile devices such as mart phones can display the content of Internet services such as the Web, e-mail, and chat rooms
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Communications Software
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consists of programs that 1) help users establish a connection to another computer or network 2) manage the transmission of data, instructions, and information 3) provide an interface for users to communicate with one another the first two are system software for communications: e-mail, FTP, web browser, newsgroup/message boards, chat rooms, instant messaging, video conferencing, and VoIP
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Dial-Up Line
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a temporary connection that uses one or more analog telephone lines for communications, dial up is not permanent
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Dedicated Line
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a type of always-on connection that is established between two communications devices (unlike a dial-up line where the connection is reestablished each time it is used)
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ISDN
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Integrated Services Digital Network
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ISDN
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a set of standards for digital transmission of data over standard copper telephone lines
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DSL
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Digital subscriber line
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DSL
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transmits at fast speeds on existing standard copper telephone wiring
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FTTP
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fiber to the premises
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FTTP
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uses fiber-optic cable to proved extremely high-speed internet access to a users physical permanent location
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T-Carrier Line
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any of several types of long-distance digital telephone lines that carry multiple signals over a single communications line
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T1 Line
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the most popular T-Carrier Line
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ATM
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Asynchronous Transfer Mode
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ATM
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a service that carries voice, data, video, and multimedia at extremely high speeds
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Communications Device
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any type of hardware capable of transmitting data, instructions, and information between a sending device and a rexeiving device
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Dial-Up Modem
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a communications device that can convert digital signals to analog signals and analog signals to digital signals, so that data can travel along an analog telephone line
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Digital Modem
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a communications device that sends and receives data and information to and from a digital line
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ISDN Modem
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sends digital data and information from a computer to an ISDN line and receives digital data and information from and ISD line
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DSL Modem
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sends digital data and information from a computer to a DSL line and receives digital data and information from a DSL line
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Types of Digital Modems
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1) ISDN modem 2) DSL modem 3) Cable modem
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Cable Modem
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a digital modem that sends and receives digital data over the cable television (CATV) netowrk
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Wireless Modem
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uses the cell phone network to connect to the internet wirelessly from a notebook computer, a smart phone, or other mobile device
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Network Card
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a communications device that enables a computer or device that does not have a networking capability to access a network
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Wireless Access Point
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a central communications device that allows computers and devices to transfer data wirelessly among themselves or to transfer data wirelessly to a wired network
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Router
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a communications device that connects multiple computers or other routers together and transmits data to its correct destination on a network
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Home Network
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many hoe users connecting multiple computers and devices together
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Capabilities on a Home Network
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-connect to the internet at the same time -share a single high-speed internet connection -access files and programs on the other computer in the house -share peripherals such as a printer, scanner, external hard disk, or optical disc drive -play multiplayer games with players on other computers in the house -connect game consoles to the internet -subscribe to and use VoIP
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Bandwidth
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the amount of data, instructions, and information that can travel over a communications channel
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Transmission Media
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consist of materials or substances capable of carrying one or more signals
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Broadband
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media transmit multiple signals simultaneously
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Twisted-Pair Cable
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consists of one or more twisted-pair wires bundled together
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Coaxial Cable
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often referred to as coax, consists of a single copper wire surrounded by at least three layers: 1) an insulating material 2) a woven or braided metal 3) a plastic outer coating
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Fiber-Optic Caple
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consists of dozens or hundreds of thin strands of glass or plastic that use light to transmit signals
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Broadcast Radio
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a wireless transmission medium that distributes radio signals through the air over long distances such as between cities, regions, and countries and short distances such as within an office or home
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PCS
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Personal Communications Services
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Personal communications Services
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the term used by the United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to identify all wireless digital communications
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Microwaves
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radio waves that provide a high-speed signal transmission
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Communications Satellite
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a space station that receives microwave signals from an earth-based station amplifies the signals, and broadcasts the signals back over a wide area to any number of earth-based stations
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WAN
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Wide Area Network
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MAN
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Metropolitan Area Network
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WLAN
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Wireless LAN
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LAN
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Local Area Network
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VAN
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Value-Added Network