question

A comparison between two ideas, things, or situations that demonstrates how something unfamiliar is similar to something the audience already understands is a(n)

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analogy

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One suggested strategy for managing anxiety is to ___________.

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be prepared

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A hypothetical illustration is __________

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an example or story that has not actually occurred

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Andrew wrote a paper on the causes of the Vietnam War for his history class, but he used some words and ideas taken from articles in magazines and on the Internet and neglected to acknowledge those sources in his paper. This is an example of

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Plagarism

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Illustrations, explanations, objects, maps, models, and graphics are all examples of _________ that can be used in a presentation.

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supporting material

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A definition that shows how a term works or what it does is a(n) ___________.

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operational definition

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________ are numerical data that summarize examples.

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Statistics

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An example of a general purpose of a speech is to ________.

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Entertain

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A central idea should __________.

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be audience-centered

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An audience-centered presentational speaker is someone who ________.

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is inherently sensitive to the diversity of his or her audience

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A concise statement of what listeners should be able to do by the time the speaker finishes the presentation is the ___________

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specific purpose

question

The oral presentation of information about a source such as the author, title, and publication date is __________.

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Oral Citation

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of the central idea of a presentation that provide detailed points of focus for developing the presentation are ________.

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Main ideas

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Anxiety about speaking in public that is manifested in physiological symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, butterflies in the stomach, shaking knees and hands, quivering voice, and increased perspiration is ________

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illusion of transparency

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In the middle of her presentation, Miriam paused, cleared her throat, and took a deep breath to indicate that she was moving from the causes of the subprime mortgage crisis to the effects on ordinary consumers. This is an example of a ___________.

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nonverbal transition

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A speaker becomes increasingly aware of his or her communication after creating __________.

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a preparation outline

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A word, phrase, or nonverbal cue that indicates movement from one idea to the next or the relationship between ideas is a(n) __________.

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Transition

question

All of the following are functions of a conclusion EXCEPT __________.

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establishing your credibility

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All of the following are ways in which you might organize your presentation EXCEPT ________.

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empirically

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A nonverbal transition is a(n) ______________.

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facial expression, vocal cue, or movement indicating a speaker is moving from one idea to the next.

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A recap within the presentation of what has been said so far is the ___________.

answer

internal summary

question

Topical organization is organization _______.

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determined by the speaker's discretion or be recency, primacy, or complexity

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Erin's presentation on the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan used numerous statistics on military and civilian casualties, broken down by month, year, and location. Erin's presentation employed ________.

answer

Hard evidence

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If a speaker says, "I am going to present the three reasons you should register to vote" and then continues by saying, "The first reason . . . ," the speaker is employing a(n) ________.

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Transition/ Sidepoint

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Pierre is preparing a presentation on teenage pregnancy. He will first establish that teenage pregnancy is a significant social issue and then discuss its various consequences. This is an example of ________ organization.

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Cause and Effect

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Problem-solution organization is __________.

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discussing a problem first and then its various solutions

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Violence on college campuses is rising, according to an article you read last week. After some initial research, you have some ideas to curb the violence. You would most likely choose the ________ plan of organization for your speech.

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problem-solution

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Asking a rhetorical question, relating a startling fact or statistic, or telling a humorous story, are ways to _______ during your introduction.

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get the audience's attention

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Closure is ______________.

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the sense that a presentation is finished

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an anecdote/story

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What is an illustration?

question

Introduction

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You should preview the main ideas of a presentation in your __________.

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chronological

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Organization by time or sequence is __________.

question

arranging main points according to location, position, or direction

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Spatial organization means ________.

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soft evidence

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Eva's speech was filled with anecdotes about her grandfather's experiences as a prisoner of war. What kind of supporting material is Eva utilizing in her speech?

question

an appeal to motivate the audience to respond

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In his speech, Yao explains new legislation allowing voter registration to coincide with driver's license renewal. He concludes by stating that anyone who is not registered should go to one of several locations listed and register for the next election. Finally, Yao reiterates, "Everyone please register to vote; it's your right and your duty as a citizen." What aspect of an effective conclusion has Yao used?

question

simile

answer

The quote from Scottish poet Robert Burns, "My love is like a red, red rose," is an example of a(n) ______.

question

xtemporaneous

answer

What type of presentation style is appropriate for most presentations (including the speeches you'll be giving in class)?

question

make it consistent with the verbal content of your message

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To use movement effectively, you should _______.

question

impromptu

answer

Aiden is on the debate team. When he arrived at practice, he was handed a piece of paper with a topic written on it, and was allowed two minutes to come up with a speech. Aiden is asked to deliver a(n) ________ speech.

question

parallelism

answer

Using the same grammatical structure for two or more clauses or sentences is

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antithesis

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Contrasting the meanings of the two parts of a parallel structure is ___________.

question

unbiased

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A word that does not stereotype, discriminate against, or insult either gender or any racial, cultural, or religious group is a(n) ________ word.

question

inversion

answer

To add a poetic touch to his speech on inspirational teachers, Raji described his favorite high school teacher as, "an inspiration unequaled, a genius unrivaled, and a comedian unbridled." What stylistic, dramatic device did he employ?

question

vivid

answer

Using "scruffy tabby cat" instead of just "cat" is an example of using _____ words.

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alliteration

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"People poised for progress" is an example of ___________.

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a simile

answer

An overt comparison between two things that uses the word like or as is _________.

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reading a presentation from a written text

answer

Manuscript speaking is __________

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vary the ways in which you express ideas and information

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When preparing to deliver an extemporaneous speech, you should __________.

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unethical

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-Even if a message can be understood clearly and achieves the speaker's purpose, if the speaker has used ________ means to achieve that purpose, the presentation is not successful.

question

Omission

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Leaving out a word or phrase the audience expects to hear is ___________.

question

Dialect

answer

Delilah was born and raised in Savannah, Georgia, and often uses common Southern expressions such as "darlin'" and "y'all." These sayings are examples of her ________.

question

idea

answer

-The selection and use of illustrations, examples, and anecdotes can make an otherwise abstract ________ seem both interesting and relevant to listeners.

question

events

answer

Presentations about September 11, 2001, the assassination of President Kennedy, or the Challenger space shuttle explosion would all be examples of what type of presentation?

question

use an analogy

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One strategy for relating new information to old in order to make your informative presentation clear is to __________.

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organize your ideas logically

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-Your audience will understand your informative presentation better if you ________.

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use as many of your senses as possible

answer

When using word pictures to make your presentation more interesting, you should _________.

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simplify ideas

answer

Discuss only a limited number of issues related to your topic, do not load your presentation with complex details, and edit ruthlessly are all suggestions for doing what to make your presentation clear

question

Word pictures

answer

A vivid description that helps listeners form a mental image by appealing to one or more of their senses of sight, sound, smell, touch, and taste, is a _________.

question

presentation aids

answer

-Research suggests that _______ can help you get and maintain audience members' attention, as well as increase their retention of the information you present.

question

chronological

answer

Bill delivered a presentation about how to start a small, home-based business. He described the process step by step, from original idea through incorporating, funding, getting insurance, hiring employees, etc. Bill used what type of organization for his presentation?

question

topically

answer

Julia is doing a presentation on Leonardo da Vinci, but instead of organizing her presentation according to the major events in his life, she is organizing her speech around his three most famous works of art. Julia is organizing her presentation _________.

question

inform

answer

When you ________ someone, you assume the role of a teacher by defining, illustrating, clarifying, or elaborating on a topic.

question

relate to your listener's interests

answer

When Kendra was invited to speak at a nursing home where most residents were in their eighties and older, she decided to speak about social changes in American society immediately after World War II. Kendra used what strategy to make her informative presentation more interesting?

question

prefer information that connects with their life experiences

answer

Adult listeners tend to _____________.

question

establishing a motive for the audience to listen

answer

Darius began his presentation on improving one's study skills by telling his audience he could guarantee a ten percent rise in their GPAs if they adhered to his simple, five-point plan. Darius used which strategy for making his informative presentation more interesting?

question

implify ideas

answer

In Michael's speech about volcanoes, he used complex, technical terms taken from a book written by volcano researchers. What strategy for making his informative presentation clear did Michael fail to follow?

question

informative

answer

One survey of both speech teachers and students who had taken a communication course found that the single most important skill taught in a presentational speaking class is how to give a(n) ________ presentation

question

memorize your presentation for the biggest impact

answer

All of the following are strategies for making your presentation memorable EXCEPT _________.

question

create interesting presentation aids

answer

Bonnie knew that many of her listeners might find her presentation on the human circulatory system boring, so she prepared several pictures, diagrams, and a short video to supplement her speech. Bonnie used which strategy to make her presentation more interesting?

question

introduction

answer

When building redundancy into your presentation, you "Tell them what you're going to tell them," in the ________ of your presentation.

question

attitude

answer

A learned predisposition to respond favorably or unfavorably to something is a(n) _________.

question

organization by discussing a situation and its causes, and a situation and its effects.

answer

-Cause-and-effect organization is ____________.

question

neutral

answer

A(n) ________ audience may know about the topic or issue, but they don't see how it affects them, or they can't make up their minds about it.

question

an enduing conception of right or wrong, good or bad.

answer

-A value is __________.

question

the sense of mental disorganization or imbalance that may prompt a person to change when new information conflicts with previously organized thought patterns.

answer

Cognitive dissonance is _________

question

word picture of the future

answer

Visualization is a(n) ___________.

question

that calls for the listener to judge the worth or importance of something

answer

A proposition of value is a claim ________.

question

policy

answer

"Capital punishment should be legalized in all states" is an example of a proposition of _______.

question

proposition

answer

-A claim with which you want your audience to agree is a(n) __________.

question

advocating a specific action to change a regulation, procedure, or behavior.

answer

A proposition of policy is a claim ________.

question

Acknowledge the opposing points of view that audience members may hold.

answer

Which of the following is a strategy for persuading an audience that is unreceptive to you or your message?

question

the use of force to get another person to think or behave as you wish.

answer

Coercion is ________.

question

Asbestos exists in our elementary schools.

answer

Which of the following is an example of a proposition of fact?

question

organizational planning using the motivated sequence.

answer

A five-step plan for organizing a persuasive message, attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action, is known as __________.

question

falls somewhere between being wildly enthusiastic and being hostile.

answer

A neutral audience is an audience that _________.

question

coercion.

answer

-The use of force to get another person to think or behave as you wish is _________.

question

refutation

answer

Organization according to objections your listeners may have to your ideas and arguments is ________.

question

discussing the threat of death or dismemberment to small children if seated in the front seat of a vehicle when the air bag deploys.

answer

According to research, which of the following strategies is most likely to contain a successful fear appeal in a persuasive speech on car safety?

question

hierarchy of needs.

answer

The theory that humans have five levels of needs and that lower-level needs must be met before people can be concerned about higher-level needs is ________.

question

elaboration likelihood model (ELM)

answer

A contemporary theory that people can be persuaded both directly and indirectly is ________.

question

already supports your message

answer

A receptive audience is an audience that _______.

question

need

answer

Establishing why your topic, problem, or issue should concern your listeners, reflects which step in the motivated sequence?

question

maintain eye contact through and even after your closing sentence.

answer

To enhance your terminal credibility, you should _________.

question

deductive reasoning

answer

-Moving from a general statement or principle to reach a certain specific conclusion is ______.

question

causal reasoning

answer

Relating two or more events in such a way as to conclude that one or more of the events caused the others is ________.

question

logical arguments

answer

"Logos" refers to __________.

question

dynamism

answer

An aspect of the speaker's credibility that reflects whether the speaker is perceived as energetic is _______.

question

false reasoning that occurs when someone attempts to persuade without adequate evidence or with arguments that are irrelevant or inappropriate.

answer

-A logical fallacy is __________.

question

using someone without the appropriate credentials or expertise to endorse an idea or product.

answer

-An appeal to misplaced authority is _________.

question

an aspect of a speaker's credibility that reflects whether the speaker is perceived as believable and honest.

answer

-Trustworthiness is ________

question

bandwagon

answer

Suggesting that because everyone believes something or does something, it must be valid, accurate, or effective, is a(n) _______ fallacy.

question

inductive reasoning

answer

Using specific instances or examples to reach a probable general conclusion is ___________.

question

hasty generalization

answer

When Giada heard that neither her friend Sally nor Lupe were assigned to the dorm she had requested, Giada became convinced that her own request would also be denied. This is an example of a _______.

question

pathos

answer

Kirsty gave a moving presentation on the need for a no-kill animal shelter in her hometown. Her description of helpless puppies and kittens being euthanized at the local humane society for no reason other than lack of space left many in tears. What strategy did Kirsty use to persuade her audience?

question

reaching a conclusion without adequate supporting evidence.

answer

Hasty generalization is ______

question

emotional appeals

answer

"Pathos" refers to __________.

question

terminal

answer

The final impression listeners have of a speaker's credibility after the presentation has been concluded is ________ credibility.

question

ethos

answer

The credibility or ethical character of a speaker is known as ______

question

irrelevant facts or information used to distract someone from the issue under discussion.

answer

-A red herring is __________

question

derived

answer

The impression of a speaker's credibility based on what the speaker says and does during the presentation is _________ credibility.

Communications chapter 11-15 – Flashcards

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