Communication Theory – Flashcards
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Breadth Penetration
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"The range of area in an individual's life." (Breath includes the surface topics, which typically are very easy to talk about when you are in the beginning stages of a relationship such as your favorite food, music and movies.)
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Depenetration
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Self withdrawal
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Social Exchange Theory
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Relationship behavior and status regulated by both parties' evaluations of perceived rewards and cost of inter action with each other. - We add up perceived rewards and cost of interaction.
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Outcome
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perceived rewards minus the cost of interpersonal interaction.
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Comparison Level (CL)
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The threshold above which an interpersonal outcome seems attractive. -how happy or sad an interpersonal outcome makes a person fell.
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Comparison level of alternative ( CLalt)
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the best outcome available in other relationships. - Will you stay
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Ex. Comparison Level (CL)
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We judge the value of a relationship based on past experience. 30 minutes instead of 15 minutes
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Ex. Comparison level of alternative (CLalt)
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Would I stay. - Would my relationship payoffs be better with another person.
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Charles Berger
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the beginnings of personal relationships are fraught with uncertainties
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Uncertainty reduction theory
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human communication is used to gain knowledge and create understanding - Gain information to be more comfortable.
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Behavioral Question
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How you behave and talk. Scripted and you know what you want to do
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Cognitive Question
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Question About people in a situation and requires seeking additional information.
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Axiom
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a self-evident truth that requires no additional proof.
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Example: Axiom
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What goes up must come down.
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Axiom 1/Verbal Communication ,
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- The more we talk to people the less uncertainty decrease.
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Axiom 2/Non-Verbal Communication ,
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- the more nonverbal afflictive expression increase the more uncertainty decrease.
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Axiom 3/Seeking Information ,
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- High level of uncertainty cause increase in information seeking.
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Axiom 4/Self Disclosure,
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- High level of uncertanity causes decreased intimacy level of communication .
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Axiom 5/ Reciprocity,
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high level of uncertainty low level of reciprocity .
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Axiom 6/ Similarity
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Increase Similarities in people reduce uncertainty
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Axiom 7/ Liking
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Increase in uncertainty, decrease in liking.
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Axiom 8/ Shared Networks
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Increase shared communication network reduce uncertainty
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Message Plans
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mental representation of action sequence to achieve a goal.
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Passive Strategy
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Impression based on observing a person. (Observing from a distance)
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Active Strategy
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Impression formation by asking a third party. (Talking to other people about that person)
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Interactive Strategy
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( Impression through face-to-face. (Talking to the person.)
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Hedging
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use humor to save face.
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A main focus of Altman and Taylor's social penetration theory is
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Self- Disclosure, the path to intimacy
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To explain self-disclosure, Altman and Taylor compare the human psyche to a (n)
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onion
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Self-disclosure makes one
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more vulnerable
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A standard by which a person determines whether or not they are satisfied with a relationship is called the
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comparison level
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A couple has been dating for three weeks. One is a very open communicator and likes having long talks. When he realizes that his romantic partner is more reserved and doesn't like to talk as much, he is disappointed and becomes less satisfied with his relationship. Which of the following concepts best applied to this interpersonal situation?
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Comparison level
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Depth is equally as important as breadth to the process of social penetration.
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True
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The tension (dialectic) between openness and closedness results in cycles of disclosure and withdrawal.
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True
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Berger assumes that when strangers meet, their primary concern is to
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increase predictability about the behavior of themselves and others.
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The basic premise or causal mechanism of uncertainty reduction theory is that
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People are motivated to reduce uncertainty in initial interactions
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As a person's ability to predict behavior increases, uncertainty
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Decreases
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The two types of uncertainty a person faces are
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Behavioral and cognitive question
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High levels of uncertainty cause increase in information-seeking behavior
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True
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Hedging may involve jokes and/ or ambiguity
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True
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Simon wants to be connected to his girlfriend, Ginny, but also wants to be autonomous and have his own friends. After his friend Cameron explains dialectical theory to him, Simon begs, "So, how do I get rid of all this tension?" What would Baxter and Montgomery say?
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Tension are inevitable: You don't get rid of them, you learn to manage them.
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The strategy of compartmentalizing different aspects of a relationship is called
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Segmentation
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Relationship are
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messy
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According to relation dialectics theory, which one of the following dialectics is most central to relationship development
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Connection-autonomy
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A main goal of relational dialectics theory is to discover patterns of communication that will explain and predict behaviors between friends and lovers
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False
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By defintion no relationship can exist unless the parties involved sacrifice some autonomy
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True
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Message that generate favorable thoughts when heard and scrutinized are
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strong messages
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The cognitive processiong route that involves message elaboration is called the
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central route
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Biased elabortaion is associated with
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top-down thinking
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Which of the following cues is used in peripheral processing
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All the above
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The elabortaion likelihood model indicates that if your audience will give their full attention to your message, you should present them with
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strong facts and figures
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The bulk of persuasive message are processed through the peripheral route
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true
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The effect of even powerful peripheral cue is usually short-lived
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true
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Motivation and ability to pay attention strongly increase the likelihood that a message will be elborated in the mind of listeners
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True
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