Communication test – Flashcards
Flashcard maker : Amber Moore
Communication Circle:
Communicator
Message
Audience
Response
*Culture
**Channel Choice
Message
Audience
Response
*Culture
**Channel Choice
General Objective:
Broad Overall Goal
Want to increase sales
Want to increase sales
Action Objective:
Want to get the client to sign the contract
Communication objective:
as a result of this email, the client will sign the contract
Tell/Sell:
when you want the audience to learn from you
-either informative / persuasive
-have sufficient info
-want control of content
-either informative / persuasive
-have sufficient info
-want control of content
Consult/Join:
when you want to learn from the audience
-don’t have enough info
-want involvement of the audience
-want audience buy-in
-don’t have enough info
-want involvement of the audience
-want audience buy-in
Five Factors of Credibility:
Goodwill
Rank
Image
Common Ground
Expertise
Rank
Image
Common Ground
Expertise
Who are the key influencers of the primary audience? (3 groups)
Decision makers
Gate Keepers
Opinion Leaders
Gate Keepers
Opinion Leaders
What to do with a high interest audience:
tell/sell – get to the point
don’t have to give too much build up
**Their opinions will be hard to change, but the change is likely to stick**
don’t have to give too much build up
**Their opinions will be hard to change, but the change is likely to stick**
What to do with a low interest audience:
consult/join
Keep message short
**Opinion change will be easier, but will not stick as much**
Keep message short
**Opinion change will be easier, but will not stick as much**
When the audience has a positive/neutral attitude:
remind them of the benefits! WIIFTA
When the audience has a negative attitude:
Convince them that there is a problem
State points that they will agree with first
Limit your request to the SMALLEST that it can possibly be
State points that they will agree with first
Limit your request to the SMALLEST that it can possibly be
What will persuade the audience? (3)
Benefits (ego, group, tangible, career)
Your Credibility
Message Structure
Your Credibility
Message Structure
Most important thing about message strategy:
State your conclusion first (BLUF)
Harness the power of the beginning and ending of a communicationBeginning = Primacy
Ending = recency
Harness the power of the beginning and ending of a communicationBeginning = Primacy
Ending = recency
Overcoming the retention dip:
Chunking
Repetition
Flagging
Unexpected
Visuals
Questions
Repetition
Flagging
Unexpected
Visuals
Questions
Writing Composition Process (5 steps)
Research
Organize
Focus
Draft
Edit (CAN LOOP BACK @ any point)
Organize
Focus
Draft
Edit (CAN LOOP BACK @ any point)
What other than ethics is a good reason to cite things?
increases your CREDIBILITY
Journalist questioning technique:
who what when where why
Two ways to organize ideas:
Put things in buckets
Make an organizational blueprint
-linear outline
-idea chart
Make an organizational blueprint
-linear outline
-idea chart
Editing process:
Edit for (in this order)
-*communication strategy* (communicator, message, audience, response, culture, channel choice)
-*Macro issues*
-*micro issues*
-*Correctness*
-*communication strategy* (communicator, message, audience, response, culture, channel choice)
-*Macro issues*
-*micro issues*
-*Correctness*
What are the three aims of the introduction:
What exists?
Why write?
How organize?
Why write?
How organize?
Margins should be:
UNJUSTIFIED
What is the metaphor of a paragraph’s structure?
*A house/building*:
-the roof = generalization (sentence 1) which is broad enough to cover all the columns
-the columns = support (rest of the paragraph) which support the roof directly
-the roof = generalization (sentence 1) which is broad enough to cover all the columns
-the columns = support (rest of the paragraph) which support the roof directly
What are three ways to revise overlong sentences?
Break into multiple sentences using transitions
Use bullet points
Use internal enumeration
Use bullet points
Use internal enumeration
When are two good times to use passive voice?
When you want to avoid placing blame
When you want to connect back to the preceding sentence
When you want to connect back to the preceding sentence
What is the most important part of a spoken communication?
the *PREVIEW*
-Blueprint
-Roadmap
-BLUF
-Blueprint
-Roadmap
-BLUF
What are the four most common types of questions that are asked during a presentation?
Know
Cost
Action
Detail
Cost
Action
Detail
What if you need more time to answer a question during a presentation?
Repeat it
Pose it to asker (turn it around)
Pose it to audience (turn it outward)
Write it down
Reflect
Pose it to asker (turn it around)
Pose it to audience (turn it outward)
Write it down
Reflect
What are the 5 elements of body language?
Posture
Body movement
Hand/arm gestures
Facial Expression
Eye contact
Body movement
Hand/arm gestures
Facial Expression
Eye contact
ABCs of Emotional Reactions:
A = Activating Event (a stutter)
B = Belief system (i’m not good enough)
C = consequences (anxiety/jitters)D = Disputing –> using rational thoughts
B = Belief system (i’m not good enough)
C = consequences (anxiety/jitters)D = Disputing –> using rational thoughts
Trouble with intentions, key lines:
Write as if your sentences will be orphaned
The literal meaning is the most important one
Writers make these mistakes because they are looking at what they meant to say, not what the words they wrote ACTUALLY say.
The literal meaning is the most important one
Writers make these mistakes because they are looking at what they meant to say, not what the words they wrote ACTUALLY say.
HTBOC, key lines:
Keep it simple, but appeal to both the mind and the heart
Use old, short, middle english words
Use words that are both VISUAL and CONCRETE
Outstanding communicators show, not tell
Latinate words are unfamiliar and cold
Words are the wrapping of your communication (must be warm to be unwrapped)
Communication comes from Latin word, “to share”
Use old, short, middle english words
Use words that are both VISUAL and CONCRETE
Outstanding communicators show, not tell
Latinate words are unfamiliar and cold
Words are the wrapping of your communication (must be warm to be unwrapped)
Communication comes from Latin word, “to share”
What are the two elements that lead to coherence?
Paragraph unity
Sentence Cohesion
Sentence Cohesion
What is paragraph unity?
Topic sentence is generalization (HOUSE)
Support sentences provide more specific information while maintaining same focus as the topic sentence
Support sentences provide more specific information while maintaining same focus as the topic sentence
What is sentence cohesion?
Stickiness
Old info at the beginning –> New info at the end
-repetition
-synonyms
-addition
-contrast
-enumeration
-pronouns
