question

What percentage of the population is affected by low-incidence, severe, and multiple disabilities?

answer

fewer than 1% of the population

question

What is the number one cause of TBI in children under 5 years old?

answer

accidental falls

question

What other things cause substantial injuries?

answer

vehicular accidents/child abuse/gunshot wounds/assalts

question

What is the greatest complicating factor in most students' return to school following TBI?

answer

language or speech disorders

question

Brain injury may be accompanied by a variety of serious ______ and________ effects

answer

social and emotional

question

The emotional and behavioral effects of TBI are determined by more than the physical damage; they also depend on the student's______ at the time of the injury and the social_____ before and after the injury.

answer

age and enviornment

question

Many of the typical behavior_____ or behavior management strategies that are used with other students who have emotional or behavioral difficulties are appropriate for use with students who have TBI.

answer

modification

question

Why is this formerly "low incidence disability" now discussed as a "high incidence disability"?

answer

because the prevalence has increased so much in recent years

question

C-H-A-R-G-E means

answer

Coloboma, Heart Defects, Atresia, Retardation, Genital, Ear

question

What syndrome is characterized by a number of physical anomalies present at birth?

answer

CHARGE Syndrome

question

3 Categories of causes of deaf-blindness

answer

genetic/chromosomal syndromes prenatal conditions postnatal conditions

question

What number of students age 6-11 received special education services in 2007 with deaf-blindness?

answer

529 students

question

Problems with vision and hearing cause extreme difficulty in attaining________ in daily life activities.

answer

independence

question

What is the biggest problem faced by people with deaf-blindness?

answer

problems accessing information (life experiences reduced)

question

Inherited condition causing deaf-blindness; low prevalence, includes hearing impairment with balance problems (deaf,profound, normal hearing deteriorates, hard of hearing); vision problems in low light, narrowing of the field of vision/tunnel vision, retinis pigmentosa

answer

Usher syndrome

question

Child born with abnormally shaped pupil/or abnormalities of the retina or optic nerve/visual problems/visual acuity and extreme sensitivity to light; the facial muscles may have a weakness or paralysis, and they may have swallowing problems

answer

Coloboma Condition

question

Central visual acuity of 20/200 of less in the better eye with correction of a field or vision; no greater than 20 degrees; or a progressive visual loss

answer

definition of deaf-blindness pertaining to visual acuity

question

Chronic hearing impairment so severe most speech cannot be understood with amplification or a progressive hearing loss having a prognosis leading to this condition

answer

definition of deaf-blindness pertaining to hearing impairment

question

Sometimes associated with deaf-blindness results from damaged chromosomal material; also the cause of intellectual disabilities

answer

Down Syndrome

question

In addressing communication and O&M, practicioners and parents should keep in mind what two principles?

answer

direct teaching and structured routines

question

What is any manual or electronic means by which such a person expresses wants and needs, shares information, etc.?

answer

Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC)

question

What is any repetetive, stereotyped behavior that seems to have no apparent purpose other than providing sensory stimulation?

answer

self-stimulation

question

What is the process used for finding out why and under what circumstances problem behavior is exhibited?

answer

functional behavioral assessment

question

this is creating an environment that supports appropriate behavior, it is the vehicle for teaching a student how to behave more appropriately

answer

Positive Behavior Intervention and Support (PBIS)

question

What two principles of transition programming reflect the change in philosophy toward treating people with severe disabilities with more dignity?

answer

self-determination and natural recommended supports

question

Are the effects of TBI always severe and permanent?

answer

No but they can be

question

Who is more prone to TBI, males or females?

answer

males

question

What pre-trauma history do a disproportional number of students with TBI have?

answer

learning problems or delayed speech or language(motor-speech disorder)

question

Are all augmentative communication devices/systems always very expensive?

answer

no

question

What techniques/principles do people with severe and multiple disabilities need to aspire to work alongside persons with disabilities and to live independently or semi-independently?

answer

extensive/intensive instruction and support of professional/community

question

List the 4 commonly accepted specifics of the TBI definition:

answer

-neurological or neurobehavioral dysfunction results from injury -there is injury to the brain caused by an external force -the injury is not caused by a degenerative or congential condition -there is a diminished or altered state of consciousness

question

List the educational characteristics essential features of appropriate education for students with TBI:

answer

-transition to school from hospital -team approach -IEP concerned with cognitive social/behavioral, sensorimotor domains -educational procedures to help students solve problems in focusing and sustaining attention for long periods, remembering previously learned facts and skills -emphasis on the cognitive processes through which academic skills are learned - plans for addressing long-term needs in addition to immediate and annual IEP goals

question

Brain damage acquired by trauma after a period of normal neurological development

answer

traumatic brain injury

question

Evaluation that consists of finding out the consequences, antecedents and setting events that maintain inappropriate behavior

answer

functional behavioral assessment

question

Loss or impairment of the ability to understand or formulate language because accident or illness

answer

motor-speech disorder

question

Brain injury where there is an open wound in the head (gunshot/object penetration)

answer

open head injury

question

Most frequently occurring viral infection in newborns, can result in variety of disabilities, especially hearing impairment

answer

congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV)

question

Damage to the brain occurs without penetration of the skull, might be caused by shaking or a blow to the head

answer

closed head injury

question

Resources in a persons environment that can be used for support; like friends, family and co-workers

answer

natural supports

question

Absence or closure of a part of the body that is normally open

answer

atresia

question

Serious viral disease, which likely is to cause deformity in the fetus during the first trimester of pregnancy

answer

rubella (german measels)

question

Hereditary condition resulting in degeneration of the retina; narrow field of vision and affects night vision

answer

retinitis pigmentosa

question

Tactile learning style for persons who are deaf-blind, teacher guides students by placing hands on theirs to navigate

answer

hand-over-hand guidance

question

Suggests that persons with disabilities should have educational and living environments that are as similar as possible to those who do not have disabilities

answer

normalization

question

Involves the adult gently slipping their hands underneath part of the child's hand while the child is exploring an object

answer

hand-under-hand guidance

question

The use of tactual signals that can convey a number of messages depending on the situation or context

answer

touch cues

question

An abnormally shaped pupil and or abnormalities of the retina or optic nerve

answer

coloboma

question

Involves three different syndromes varying with respect to the type and time of occurrence of the major symptoms or hearing loss, vision loss, and balance problems

answer

Usher syndrome

question

Any manual or electronic means by which a person communicates

answer

AAC

question

Any repetitive stereotyped behavior that seems to have no apparent purpose other than providing sensory stimulation

answer

self-stimulation

question

Using educational methods that are at the developmental level for the child and that meet the child's individual needs

answer

developmentally appropriate practice

question

Requires that the family be central in the decision-making process for the child

answer

individualized family service plan

question

Repeated physical self-abuse such as biting, scratching, poking oneself, or head banging

answer

self-injurious behavior

question

The available resources that already exist in the workplace or community that provide assistance and support to an individual with disabilities

answer

natural supports

question

Creating an environment that supports appropriate behavior

answer

positive behavioral supports

question

Multiple disabilities means_______ impairments

answer

concomittant

question

By the time they graduate from high school nearly_______ of students may have TBI

answer

4 %

question

TBI is a special case of_______impairment, in which there is a sudden alteration in abilities

answer

neurological

question

Among the most common postnatal conditions that can cause deaf-blindness are________ and_________.

answer

meningitis and traumatic brain injury

question

Most authorities believe that the biggest obstacle faced by persons with deaf-blindness is____________

answer

communication/ accessing information

question

There are now over_______ genetic/chromosomal syndromes associated with deaf-blindness

answer

fifty

question

TBI is most likely to occur for both males and females during_______

answer

late adolescence and early adulthood years

question

An irregularity (anomally) that is present at birth, might or might not be due to genetic factors

answer

Congenital Anomalies

question

Method of integrating people with disabilities who cannot work independently into competitive emplyoment

answer

Supported Employment

question

Device designed to restore partially or completely, a lost function of the body (brace/crutch)

answer

Orthosis

question

Special tools of common items to make accomplishing self-care/activities easier for those with disabilities

answer

Adaptive Devices

question

A condition in which both legs are paralyzed

answer

Paraplegia

question

Brain damage acquired by trauma after a period of normal neurological development

answer

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

question

Sudden alteration of consciousness; usually accompanied by motor activity and/or sensory phenomena; caused by an abnormal discharge of electrical energy in the brain

answer

Seizure

question

Condition in which all four limbs are paralyzed

answer

Quadraplegia

question

Paralysis, weakness, lack of coordination and/or other motor dysfunction because of the damage to the brain before maturing

answer

Cerebral Palsy

question

The insertion of a tube into the urethra to drain the bladder

answer

Catheterization

question

An abnormal curvature of the spine

answer

Scoliosis

question

A pattern of repeated seizures

answer

Epilepsy

question

Hereditary disease characterized by progressive weakness caused by degeneration of muscle fibers

answer

Muscular Dystrophy

question

Congenital midline defect resulting from failure of the bony spinal column to close completely during fetal development

answer

Spina Bifida

question

Lung disease characterized by episodic difficulty in breathing/particularly exhaling due to inflammation or obstruction of air pathways/passages

answer

Asthma

question

Systematic disease with major symptoms involving the muscles and joints

answer

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

question

Virus caused illness resulting in a breakdown of the immune system

answer

AIDS

question

Substances known to damage nerve cells

answer

Neurotoxins

question

Causes malformations and intellectual disabilities when mothers drink while pregnant

answer

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

question

Device designed to replace partially or completely a part of the body (teeth/limbs)

answer

Prosthesis

question

Services for young children with disabilities and their families, similar to an IEP but used for those under the age of 3

answer

Individualized Family Service Plan

question

Deficits they are born with, like physical disabilities

answer

Congenital Anomalies

question

Serious or severe; with treatment it resolves

answer

Acute Condition

question

Permanent condition, ongoing; doesn't resolve/ incureable

answer

Chronic Condition

question

Occurring in episodes, a temporary condition that will pass but may reoccur

answer

Episodic Condition

question

More and more complication or deterioration; gets worse over time

answer

Progressive Diseases

question

Caused by injury to the brain or spinal cord (neurological damage) that also affects the ability to move parts of one's body (motor impairment)

answer

Neuromotor impairments

question

Not contagious or progressive, movement and posture disorder

answer

Cerebral Palsy

question

Floppiness or lack of muscle tone

answer

Atonic

question

Stiffness or tenseness of muscles and inaccurate voluntary movement

answer

Spasticity

question

Abrupt involuntary movements and difficulty maintaining balance

answer

Choreoathetoid movements

question

How is Cerebral Palsy classified?

answer

By the limbs involved and the type of motor disability

question

Is Cerebral Palsy a progressive disorder?

answer

No, it is not contagious or progressive; it is a movement and posture disorder

question

When in a child's life can Cerebral Palsy occur?

answer

Before, during, or the first few years after birth (caused by a brain injury)

question

Lack of oxygen (hypoxia) low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) infections and physical trauma are all considered to be ______.

answer

Causes of seizures

question

Other dimensions that seizures can differ with include________.

answer

Duration (length) Frequency (often) Onset (triggers) Movements, causes, associated disabilities, control

question

What percentage of children will have a seizure in his/her lifetime?

answer

1 out of 10 children (10%)

question

What areas of the nervous system can a neural tube defect (malformation) affect?

answer

Spine, brain, or spinal cord

question

Can catheterization be used/ performed in a school setting?

answer

Yes, teachers need to be educated

question

Rheumatoid Arthritis can be debilitating because it can cause pain in and around what body parts?

answer

Muscles and Joints

question

Is the intelligence of students with musculoskeletal disabilities affected if no other disabilities are present?

answer

NO

question

Have chronic diseases/ health conditions of children increased or decreased dramatically in recent decades?

answer

Increased dramatically

question

Are many or most physical disabilities preventable?

answer

Yes

question

Preventing teen pregnancy, immunizations, increasing diet/exercise/lowering obesity are all ways to_______

answer

Prevent physical disabilities

question

Why are children who have any type of disability more at risk for abuse?

answer

They are more vulnerable, dependent, and easy targets

question

What inborn metabolic disorder requires a life long special diet?

answer

PKU (Phenylketonuria)

question

What happens if the special diet isn't followed for PKU?

answer

Neurotoxins may build up and can cause any disability associated with brain damage

question

Why do many children with physical disabilities or other health impairment have academic difficulties?

answer

Because of erratic school attendance (hospital visits, etc.)

question

Why do children react to their own disabilities as they do?

answer

Because it is largely a reflection on how others respond to them

question

What principles need to be followed when considering a prosthesis or orthosis?

answer

Use of residual function/ simplicity and reliability

question

What is the greatest challenge in using technology for people with physical disabilities?

answer

Accurately evaluating to determine what will be best and also the availability

question

Should objectives for autonomy and self-advocacy be included in teaching those with physical disabilities?

answer

YES

question

Should attention to environmental changes that allow more effective responses be addressed as well?

answer

YES

question

When special education talks about transition they are referring to movement from school to_________

answer

Work (or adolescence to adulthood)

question

Method of integrating people with disabilities who cannot work independently into competitive employment (job specialist/coach to help them work on the job)

answer

Supported Employment

question

Are physical disabilities declining or increasing due to medical advances?

answer

Increasing

question

Is CP contagious?

answer

NO

question

Is CP progressive?

answer

NO

question

Do seizures occur more in children with developmental disabilities or without disabilities?

answer

Children with Developmental Disabilites

question

Are children with epilepsy more disposed to learning disabilities?

answer

YES

question

Who is more likely to give birth to premature/low weight babies? older women or teenage mothers

answer

Teenage Mothers

question

In general do children with physical disabilities achieve academically above, at the same level, or below peers without disabilties

answer

At the Same Level

question

Should you teach motor skills in isolation?

answer

No; they should be taught as part of daily living and learning activities that will increase communication, independence, motivation and future learning.

question

Should self-help skills be included in education for many children with physical disabilities?

answer

YES

question

The primary distinguishing characteristic of children with physical disabilities is______

answer

they are varied (interrupting school learning)

question

______ is the result of injury to the brain that also affects the ability to move parts of one's body; may be associated with injury to the brain before, during or after birth

answer

Neuromotor Impairment

question

_____ can be considered part of a syndrome that includes motor dysfunction, seizures or emotional or behavioral disorders due to brain damage

answer

Cerebral Palsy

question

Stiffness or tenseness of muscles and inaccurate voluntary movement is known as_______

answer

Spasiticity

question

A person has a ______when there is an abnormal discharge of electrical energy in specific brain cells

answer

Seizure

question

______ results when the spinal column fails to close completely during fetal development

answer

Spina Bifida

question

Lack of bowl or bladder control in some children will require periodic________

answer

Catheterization

question

_________ is a painful an potentially debilitating disease that affects the muscles and joints of children

answer

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

question

______ is a lung disease characterized by episodic inflammation or obstruction of the air passages such that the person has difficulty breathing

answer

Asthma

question

A teacher who fails to report child abuse or neglect may be held legally________

answer

Liable

question

________ is one of the most common syndromes involving physical malformations and intellectual disabilities

answer

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

question

A missing part of the body is replaced by a _______

answer

Prosthesis

question

The partial functioning of a body part is enhanced with an______

answer

Orthosis

question

What is the primary goal of adaptive physical education?

answer

Allows access to activities with physical, recreational, and leisure goals

question

What does an occupational therapist provide?

answer

Daily living skills and fine motor skills

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