College-Level English Vocabulary (A-F) – Flashcards
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adumbrate
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to foreshadow vaguely: intimate; to suggest, disclose, or outline partially
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alacrity
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Cheerful willingness; eagerness; quickness, not hesitant or reluctant
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andirons
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pair of metal supports for firewood
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anneal
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strengthen, toughen
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aphorism
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concise statement of principle
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aplomb
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complete and confident composure or self-assurance; poise; confidence
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apostasy
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renunciation of a religious faith; abandonment of a previous loyalty; defection
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apotheosis
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elevation to divine status; deification; perfect example; quintessence
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apropos
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at an apportune time, by way of interjection or further comment with regard to the present topic
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apothegm
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aphorism
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apprise
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to give notice, to tell
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apposite
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highly pertinent or appropriate
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appurtenance
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an incidental right attached to a principal property right and passing in possession with it; a subordinate part or adjunct; accessory object
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aquiline
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curving like an eagle's beak
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apogee
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highest point
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aspersion
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sprinkling of water especially in religious ceremonies; a false or misleading charge meant to harm someone's reputation; the act of making such a charge
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asseverate
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to affirm or declare positively or earnestly
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assiduous
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marked by careful unremitting attention or persistent application
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argot
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secret vocabulary and idiom peculiar to a particular group
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arrant
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being notoriously without moderation
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atavism
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throwback; reversion to a past style
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assuage
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to lessen the intensity ; ease; pacify; quench
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athwart
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across, in opposition to
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augury
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omen portent
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avarice
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greediness, cupidity
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animadversion
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a critical and usually censorious remark; criticism
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animus
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basic attitude or governing spirit, disposition, intention; enmity; usually prejudiced and often spiteful or malevolent ill will; inner masculine part of the female personality in the analytic psychology of Jung
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antediluvian
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before the flood
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aver
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to verify or prove to be true in pleading a cause; to declare positively
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baleful
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deadly or pernicious in influence; foreboding or threatening evil. baneful; ominous, portending evil; harmful or malignant
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baroque
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marked by complexity, bold ornamentation, extravagance, flamboyance, grotesqueness
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batten
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to grow fat; to feed gluttonously; to grow prosperous especially at the expense of another; fatten
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barrage
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dam placed in a watercourse to increase the depth of water or divert it into a channel for navigation or irrigation
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bedizen
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to dress or adorn gaudily
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bedraggle
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to wet thoroughly
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beleaguer
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to besiege, trouble , harass
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benighted
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overtaken by darkness or night, unenlightened
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besmirch
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to sully, soil
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bereft
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deprived or robbed of the possession or use; lacking; bereaved
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bate
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to reduce the force or intensity of, restrain, deduct; to take away; to diminish, decrease
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bilious
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peevish ill-natured disposition; sickeningly unpleasant
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billingsgate
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coarsely abusive language
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bivouac
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temporary encampment under little or no shelter
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blandishment
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something that tends to coax or cajole; allurement
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bête noir
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bugbear or person or thing strongly detested or avoided
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blazon
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armorial bearings; ostentatious display
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blithe
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happy lighthearted character; casual, heedless, lacking due thought and consideration
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bode
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to announce beforehand, foretell; to indicate by signs; presage
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bogus
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not genuine; counterfeit, sham
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bolster
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a long pillow or cushion, a structural part designed to eliminate friction
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boorish
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rudeness of manner due to insensitivity to others' feelings and unwillingness to be agreeable
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bootless
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useless, unprofitable
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bowdlerize
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to expurgate by omitting or modifying vulgar parts; to modify by abridging, simplifying or distorting in style or content
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braggadocio
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braggart; cockiness, arrogant, empty boasting, pretension
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bravado
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blustering swaggering conduct; pretense of bravery; foolhardy
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brazen
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sounding harsh and loud like struck brass; boldness
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breviary
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book of prayers, hymns, psalms, divine office; brief summary
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brindled
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obscure dark streaks or flecks on a usually gray or tawny ground
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bucolic
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relating to shepherds or herdsmen, pastoral; relating to or typical of rural life; idyllic
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bugaboo
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imaginary object of fear; bugbear
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bullion
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uncoined gold or silver in bars; metal in the mass; lace, braid, or fringe of gold or silver threads
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bulwark
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solid wall-like structure raised for defense; rampart; seawall; strong support or protection; side of the ship above the upper deck
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bumptious
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presumptuously, obtusely and often noisily self-assertive; obtrusive
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burgeon
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to send forth new growth; sprout, bloom; to flourish
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burlesque
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literary or dramatic work that seeks to ridicule by means of grotesque exaggeration or comic imitation; mockery usually by caricature
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burnish
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to make shiny or lustrous especially by rubbing; polish
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buskin
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laced boot reaching halfway or more to the knee
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cabal
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artifices or intrigue of a group of persons secretly united in a plot
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callow
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lacking adult sophistication; immature
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calumniate
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to utter false statements, charges or imputations about; malign
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canard
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false or unfounded report or story; fabricated report; groundless rumor
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canny
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clever, shrewd, prudent, careful, steady, restrained, quiet snug
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cant
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inclined to sing, to talk in jargon; affected singsong or whining speech; the insincere use of pious words
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canto
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one or more divisions of a long poem
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capacious
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containing or capable of containing a great deal; spacious
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caparison
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ornamental covering for a horse; decorative trappings and harness; rich clothing, adornment
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capitulate
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to parley, negotiate; to acquiesce, yield; to surrender after negotiation
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captious
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marked by an often ill-natured inclination to stress faults and raise objections; calculated to confuse, entrap, entangle in argument
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carmine
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rich crimson or scarlet lake made from cochineal; a vivid red
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carping
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marked by or inclined to querulous and often perverse criticism
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caryatid
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a draped female figure supporting an entablature
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casuistry
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resolving of specific cases of conscience, duty, or conduct through interpretation of ethical principle or religious doctrine; specious argument; rationalization
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cataclysm
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flood, deluge, catastrophe; momentous and violent event marked by overwhelming upheaval and demolition
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catalyst
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an agent that provokes or speeds significant change or action
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cavil
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to raise trivial objections
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cede
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to yield or grant typically by treaty; to assign, transfer
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celerity
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rapidity of motion or action
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chary
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hesitant and vigilant about dangers and risks; slow to grant, accept or expend; discreetly cautious; dearly treasured
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chassis
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supporting frame of a structure
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chattel
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an item of tangible movable or immovable property; slave, bondsman
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chauvinism
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excessive or blind patriotism; an attitude of superiority toward members of the opposite sex
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checkered
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marked by alternation or contrast of fortune
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chicanery
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deception by artful subterfuge or sophistry; trickery
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chiromancy
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palmistry
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churlish
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vulgar, surly
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circumlocution
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use of an unnecessarily large number of words to express an idea; evasion of speech
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circumscribe
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to constrict the range or activity of definitely and clearly; to define or make off carefully; to draw a line around
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clamber
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to climb awkwardly
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codicil
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appendix, supplement
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cockade
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ornament usually worn on a hat as a badge
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cogent
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having power to compel or constrain; appealing forcibly to the mind or reason; convincing; pertinent; relevant
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cogitate
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to ponder or meditate on intently
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cognate
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same or similar in nature, alike related by blood; related by descent from the same ancestral language
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cognomen
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surname; nomen, praenomen; distinguishing nickname or epithet
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collate
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to compare critically; to collect, compare and integrate or arrange in order
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collier
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coal miner or ship used for transporting coal
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collusion
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secret agreement or cooperation especially for illegal purpose
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comely
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pleasurably conforming to notions of good appearance, suitability or proportion, having a pleasing appearance, not homely or plain
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comestible
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edible
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comity
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friendly, social atmosphere; avoidance of proselytizing members of another religious denomination
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commandeer
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to compel to perform military service; to take arbitrary or forcible possession of
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commiserate
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to feel or express sympathy, condole
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commodious
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comfortably or conveniently spacious, roomy, handy
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complaisant
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marked by an inclination to please or oblige; tending to consent to others' wishes
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complicity
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association or participation in or as if in a wrongful act
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comport
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to be fitting; to behave in a manner conformable to what is right, proper or expected
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compote
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dessert of fruit cooked in syrup; bowl of glass, porcelain, metal with a base or stem from which compotes, fruits, nuts, or sweets are served
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compunction
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anxiety from awareness of guilt; distress of mind over an anticipated action or result; twinge of misgiving; scruple; penitence; qualm
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concatenate
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to link together
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conciliate
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to gain by pleasing acts; to reconcile, appease; to become friendly or agreeable
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conclave
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private meeting or secret assembly; especially, a meeting of Roman Catholic cardinals secluded continuously while choosing a pope; a gathering of a group
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concoct
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to prepare by combining raw materials; to fabricate
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concordat
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compact, covenant; an agreement between a pope and a sovereign or government for the regulation of ecclesiastical matters
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condign
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deserved, appropriate
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condole
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to grieve, to express sympathetic sorrow; to lament
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connive
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to pretend ignorance or fail to take action; conspire, intrigue
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conjugal
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connubial
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consanguineous
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close relation
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contentious
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inclined or showing an inclination to dispute or disagree, even to engage in law suits; litigious
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contingent
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likely but not certain to happen; not logically necessary, empirical; unpredictable; dependent or conditioned by something else; accidental
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convoke
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to call together to a meeting, summon
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cordon
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ornamental cord or ribbon; stringcourse; a line of troops or of military posts enclosing an area to prevent passage; a line of persons or objects around a person or place; an espalier especially of a fruit tree trained as a single horizontal shoot or two diverging horizontal shoots in a single line
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contumacious
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rebellious, disobedient
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cormorant
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a gluttonous, greedy, rapacious person
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corpulant
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having a large bulky body, obese
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corsair
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pirate
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cortege
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a train of attendants, retinue, procession
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coruscate
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sparkle, to give off or reflect light; brilliant or showy in technique or style
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coterie
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intimate and often exclusive group of persons with a unifying common interest or purpose
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countermand
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to revoke, to recall or order back by a superseding contrary
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cozen
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to deceive, win over, or induce to do something by artful coaxing and wheedling or shrewd trickery; to gain by cozening someone; cheat
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crabbed
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marked by a forbidding moroseness; difficult to read or understand; sullen
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craven
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defeated, cowardly; contemptibly fainthearted
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credence
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mental acceptance as true or real; credentials; small table where the bread and wine rest before consecration
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credo
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creed
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credulity
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readiness or willingness to believe especially on slight or uncertain evidence
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crepuscular
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relating to or resembling twilight; dim
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crone
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withered, old woman
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cruet
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a vessel to hold wine or water for the Eucharist; a glass bottle used to hold a condiment for use at a table
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crux
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puzzling or difficult problem; an unsolved question
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cudgel
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to strike
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cupidity
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covetous, greed, avarice, lust, strong desire
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curmudgeon
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crusty, ill-tempered and usually old man; miser
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curry
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to clean the coat of a horse with a currycomb; to treat especially by incorporating oil or grease; beat, thrash; to seek to gain favor by flattery or attention
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cursive
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running, coursing; flowing often with the strokes of successive characters joined and the angles rounded; having an easy, impromptu character; unplanned
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cursory
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rapidly and superficially performed; hasty; not detailed
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curtail
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to shorten, to make less by or as if by cutting off or away some part
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cynosure
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North Star; one that serves to direct or guide; a center of attraction or attention
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dais
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a raised platform
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dally
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to act playfully, especially to play amorously; to deal lightly, toy; linger, dawdle, trifle , delay
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dastard
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coward, a person who acts treacherously or underhandedly
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daunt
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to lessen the courage of, cow, subdue, dismay
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debacle
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disaster, failure, fiasco, tumultuous breakup of ice in a river
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debauch
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to make disloyal, to seduce from chastity, to lead away from virtue or excellence, to corrupt by intemperance or sensuality
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debenture
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corporate security other than an equity security, bond; a bond backed by the general credit of the issuer rather than a specific lien on particular assets
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deciduous
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ephemeral
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decimate
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to cause great destruction or harm; to select by lot and kill every tenth man; to exact a tax of 10%
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decry
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implies open condemnation with intent to discredit
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defalcate
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to engage in embezzlement
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deference
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honor; respect and esteem due to a superior or elder; ANTONYM: contempt
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deign
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to condescend; to stoop
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deliquescent
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tending to melt or dissolve; having repeated division into branches
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demagogue
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a leader who makes use of popular prejudices and false claims in order to win power; a leader championing the cause of the common people in ancient times
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demesne
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domain; legal possession of land as one's own; estate
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demotic
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popular common; relating to or written in a simplified form of Egyptian hieratic; relating to the form of Modern Greek that is based on everyday speech
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denizen
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inhabitant; an alien admitted to rights of citizenship
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depredation
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the act of laying waste; plundering, ravaging
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descant
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melody or counterpoint sung above the plainsong of the tenor; discourse or comment on a theme
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descry
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to catch sight of; to discover; to reveal
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desideration
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something desired as essential
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despoil
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to ravage, pillage, strip of possessions or value
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despotism
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absolutism, system of government in which the ruler has unlimited power
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desuetude
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disuse, discontinuance from use or exercise; unaccustomed
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desultory
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marked by lack of definite plan, regularity, or purpose; not connected with the main subject; disappointing in progress, performance or quality
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devious
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wandering, roundabout; errant; remote, cunning, deceptive
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devolve
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to pass on from one person or entity to another; to pass by transmission or succession; to fall or be passed as a responsibility or obligation; to come by or as if by flowing down; to degenerate through a gradual change or evolution
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diadem
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crown; royal headband
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dialectic
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logic, discussion and reasoning to elicit truths; opposition between two forces; any systematic reasoning, exposition, or argument that juxtaposes opposed or contradictory ideas and usually seeks to resolve their conflict
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diaphanous
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characterized by such fineness of texture as to permit seeing through; ethereal; insubstantial, vague
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diatribe
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bitter and abusive speech or writing; ironic or satirical criticism; prolonged discourse
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dictum
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noteworthy statement; formal pronouncement of a principle, proposition or opinion; an observation intended or regarded as authoritative; a judge's expression of opinion on a point other than the precise issue involved in determining a case.
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obiter dictum
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"something said in passing"; an incidental and collateral opinion that is uttered by a judge but is not binding
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didactic
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designed or intended to teach, instruct, morally observe
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diffident
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hesitant in acting or speaking through lack of self-confidence; reserved; unassertive, shy
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dilettante
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admirer or lover of the arts; dabbler or amateur
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diminution
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the act, process or instance of decrease
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dint
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blow, stroke, force
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dichotomy
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classification into two opposed parts
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dilatory
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tending or causing to delay; tardy; procrastination
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dipsomaniac
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an uncontrollable craving for alcoholic liquors
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dire
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horror; dismal, oppressive; warning of disaster; extreme
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disabuse
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to free from error, fallacy, misconception, or an erroneous belief
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disavow
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to deny responsibility for; repudiate
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discerning
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having or revealing keen insight and good judgment
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discomfit
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to frustrate the plans, thwart; disconcert; to put into a state of perplexity
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discrete
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distinct, noncontinuous
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discursive
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tending to depart from the main point or cover a wide range of subjects; rambling
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dishabille
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the state of being carelessly or partially dressed; careless or casual in manner
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disingenuous
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not straightforward or candid; insincere; artful; calculating; ANTONYMS: artless, ingenuous
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disinterested
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unaffected by self-interest; unbiased; indifferent
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disjointed
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being thrown out of orderly function; lacking coherence or orderly sequence; separated
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disparage
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to lower in rank or reputation; degrade; to depreciate by indirect means; decry
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disparate
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fundamentally different or distinct in quality or kind
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dispassionate
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unaffected by strong emotion or prejudice
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dispersion
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Diaspora; scattering of the values of a frequency distribution from an average
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dispirit
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to discourage; to dishearten; to lose spirit
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disport
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to divert or amuse oneself
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disputatious
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inclined or showing an inclination to dispute or disagree, even to engage in law suits
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disquisition
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an elaborate analytical or explanatory essay or discussion
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dissemble
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make believe with the intent to deceive; dissimulate; to hide under false appearance
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disseminate
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distribute; spread; scatter
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dissimulate
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hide (feelings) from other people
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dissolute
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unrestrained by convention or morality
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dissonance
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harsh, inharmonious, or discordant sounds; lack of agreement; inconsistency
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distaff
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the staff on which wool or flax is wound before spinning; woman's work or domain; female side of a family
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distrait
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having the attention diverted especially because of anxiety; distracted
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diurnal
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having a daily cycle or occurring every day; opening during the day and closing at night
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distend
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swell from or as if from internal pressure; become wider, dilate
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distill
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to remove impurities from; to purify; to sublimate
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divest
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reduce or dispose of; deprive of status, authority; dethrone
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dogmatic
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characterized by arrogant assertion of unproved or unprovable principles
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dotage
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mental infirmity as a consequence of old age; senility
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doughty
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resolute and without fear
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dour
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stern, harsh; obstinate, unyielding; gloomy sullen
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dreg
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the waste material at the bottom of a vessel after the liquid has been taken off; or the most worthless part of anything
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dross
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scum that forms on the surface of molten metal; worthless material that should be removed
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dubious
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doubtful
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duenna
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a woman chaperon; governess
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duplicity
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double-dealing, hypocrisy
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durance
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imprisonment (especially for a long time); restraint by physical force
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décolleté
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having a low-necked dress; strapless dress
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ebullient
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joyously unrestrained; exuberant, high-spirited
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ecclesiastic
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relating to use in a church
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eclectic
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selecting what seems best of various styles, ideas; discriminating
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edify
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to build, establish; to uplift, enlighten, inform
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educe
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bring out, deduce, evoke, elicit, extract, extort (implies bring out something potential or latent)
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efface
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remove completely from recognition or memory
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effervesce
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to give off bubbles; to show excitement or liveliness
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effete
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having lost one's original power; barren; worn out; exhausted
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effigy
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a representation of a person (especially in the form of sculpture); crude figure representation of a hated person
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efflorescence
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the time and process of budding and unfolding of blossoms; fullness of manifestation
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effluvium
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a foul-smelling outflow or vapor (especially a gaseous waste); invisible emanation
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effrontery
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insolence; temerity; shameless boldness; audacious behavior; presumptuousness
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effulgent
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radiating or as if radiating light; brilliance
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effusion
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an unrestrained expression of emotion
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egoism
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attempting to get personal recognition for yourself (especially by unacceptable means); doctrine that individual self-interest is the actual motive of all conscious action
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egregious
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conspicuous, flagrant; distinguished
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egress
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action of going or coming out; exit
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elegiac
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expressing sorrow often for something past;two dactylic hexameter lines the 2nd of which lacks the arsis(upbeat) in the 3rd or 6th foot
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emblazen
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celebrate, extol
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emend
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to make improvements or corrections to
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emolument
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returns arising from office or employment usually in the form of compensation or perquisite
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empyreal
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inspiring awe; sublime;celestial; heavenly
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emulate
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to strive to equal or excel; imitate
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encomiast
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eulogist, one that praises
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encomium
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glowing and warmly enthusiastic praise; eulogy, panegyric, tribute, citation
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endive
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herb, escarole
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endue
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provide, endow; transfuse; don
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enervate
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to reduce the mental or moral vigor; to lessen the vitality or strength of
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ensconce
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to establish settle; shelter, conceal
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epigram
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concise poem dealing pointedly and often satirically with a single thought or event; terse, sage, witty saying
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epithet
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characterizing word or phrase accompanying or occurring in place of the name of a person or thing
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equanimity
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steadiness of mind under stress; composure; balance; right disposition; sangfroid
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equipage
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outfit, trappings; horse-drawn carriage with its servants
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eschew
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to avoid habitually especially on moral or practical grounds; shun, escape
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escutcheon
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a defined area on which armorial bearings are displayed and consist of a shield; protective or ornamental plate or flange; the part of a ship's stern on which the name is displayed
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evince
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to display clearly; reveal; show
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equivocate
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to be deliberately ambiguous or unclear in order to mislead or withhold information
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eviscerate
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take away a vital or essential part of; to disembowel
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ewer
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an open vessel with a handle and a spout for pouring; jug
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exchequer
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the funds of a government or institution or individual; treasury
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excoriate
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tear or wear off the skin or make sore by abrading; to censure scathingly
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execrable
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detestable; wretched
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exigency
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a sudden unforeseen crisis that requires immediate action
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exiguous
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inadequate; excessively scanty
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ex officio
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by virtue or because of an office
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expatiate
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add details, as to an account or idea; to move about freely or at will; wander
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expiate
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to atone
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expostulation
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to reason earnestly with a person for purposes of dissuasion or remonstrance
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extant
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currently or actually existing
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extirpate
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to destroy completely wipe out; to pull up by the root
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extrinsic
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not forming an essential part of a thing or arising or originating from the outside; extraneous
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extol
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to glorify
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factitious
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not produced by natural forces, produced by humans; sham
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factotum
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a servant employed to do a variety of jobs
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fain
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willing, having made preparations; compelled; inclined
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fallow
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left unplowed and unseeded during a growing season; characterized by inactivity
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fatuous
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complacently or inanely foolish
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fealty
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the loyalty that citizens owe to their country (or subjects to their sovereign); faithfulness; allegiance; fidelity owed by a vassal to his feudal lord
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fecundity
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the intellectual fruitfulness of a creative imagination;having abundant fertility
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feign
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make believe with the intent to deceive; to fabricate
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feint
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any distracting or deceptive maneuver (as a mock attack)
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fell
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**seam made by turning under or folding together and stitching the seamed materials to avoid rough edges (noun) **the dressed skin of an animal (noun) **cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow (verb) **sharp and biting; cruel (adjective)
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fetid
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offensive odor
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flagging
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declining, weakening; languid, drooping
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flay
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to strip the skin or outer covering of; to fleece, whip; excoriate
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flippancy
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disrespectful levity or casualness; pert
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floe
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a flat mass of ice (smaller than an ice field) floating at sea
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flotilla
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a small fleet; US navy unit of two or more squadrons of small warships
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flotsam
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wreckage or cargo that remains afloat after a ship has sunk
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flout
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to show contempt for; to scorn; an insult; contemptuous action or remark
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fluted
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long, rounded groove incised as a decorative motif on the shaft of a column
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florescence
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bloom, flowering
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foible
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the weaker part of a sword's blade from the forte to the tip; minor weakness or failing of character
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foist
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to pass off as genuine, valuable, worthy; to impose upon another by coercion or trickery; to insert fraudulently or deceitfully
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foment
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to promote growth of, incite; from the LATIN fomentare (to warm)
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foppish
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dandy or vain man
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forbearance
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tolerance and restraint in the face of provocation; patience; act of creditor who refrains from enforcing debt
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fortuitous
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happening by accident or chance; lucky or fortunate
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fracas
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brawl; quarrel; noisy disorderly fight
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fractious
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inclined to make trouble, unruly; peevish nature, cranky; ANTONYM: agreeable
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frenetic
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wildly excited or active; frenzied
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fresco
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the art of painting on fresh, moist, plaster with pigments dissolved in water
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freshet
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the occurrence of a water flow resulting from sudden rain or melting snow; stream of fresh water that empties into salt water
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frieze
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an architectural ornament consisting of a horizontal sculptured band between the architrave and the cornice; coarse, shaggy woolen cloth with uncut nap; dense low-pile surface in carpeting
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fritter
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to reduce or squander little by little; to break, tear or cut into bits; shred
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frolicsome
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full of high-spirited fun; frisky, playful
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frond
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leaf of a fern, seaweed or lichen
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froward
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obstinate, disobedient; stubbornly contrary
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frowzy
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unkempt, slovenly; musty or unpleasant smell
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fructify
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to make fruitful or productive
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fruition
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realization of something desired, accomplishment; enjoyment derived from use; bearing fruit
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fulgent
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shining brilliantly; radiant
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fulminate
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to issue a thunderous verbal attack or denunciation; to cause to explode
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fulsome
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unpleasantly and excessively suave or ingratiating in manner or speech; unctuous; copious or abundant
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functionary
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a worker who holds or is invested with an office
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funereal
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mournful; suggestive of a funeral or grave
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fustian
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a strong cotton and linen(flax) fabric with a slight nap; pretentious or pompous language; bombast
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abide
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tolerate
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aleatory
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random, from Latin alea=dice, aleatorius=gambler
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apoplectic
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angry
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autochthonous
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originating where it is found; native
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avail
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benefit
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behest
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command
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comprise
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form
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conflagration
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conflict
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congeries
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collection
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copacetic
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excellent, first-rate
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delectation
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delight, enjoyment, pleasure
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equivocal
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unclear
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farrago
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assortment
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fatuous
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ridiculous
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eleemosynary
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charitable
