Cognitive-Behavioral Family Counseling – Flashcards
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Joseph Wolpe and B.F. Skinner.
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The early principles of behavior therapy were developed by two key figures
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Skinner's operant conditioning.
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An even greater influence on behavioral therapy
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In 1948 Wolpe introduced
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systematic desensitization,
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Systematic desensitization
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deconditions anxiety through reciprocal inhibition by pairing responses incompatible with anxiety to pre viously anxiety-arousing stimuli.
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The goals of a cognitive-behavioral assessment are
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(1) identify strengths and problems in individuals, the couple or family, and the environment; (2) place individual and family functioning in the context of developmental stages; and (3) identify cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects of family interac- tion that might be targeted for intervention.
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Stuart (1975) lists five strategies that summarize the behavioral approach to troubled marriages:
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1 . Couples are taught to express themselves in clear 2. Couples are taught new behavior exchange 3. Couples are helped to improve their communication. 4. Couples are encouraged to establish clear andeffective means of sharing power and making decisions 5. Couples are taught strategies for solving future problems
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Behavior exchange
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procedures are taught to increase the frequency of desired behavior.
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â– Behavioral Couples Therapy Assessment
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are designed to reveal strengths and weaknesses of a couple's relationship and the manner in which rewards and punishments are exchanged.
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Robert Liberman
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A second leading figure in the development of behavioral family therapy
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Liberman introduced
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use of role rehearsal and modeling
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Richard Stuart (1969).
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Another major influence on behavioral family was the contingency contracting therapy was the contingency contracting
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Dr. Stuart
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focused on how the exchange of positive behavior could be maximized using reinforcement reciprocity.
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Cognitive-behavior therapy
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refers to those approaches inspired by the work of Albert Ellis (1962) and Aaron Beck (1976) that emphasize the need for attitude change to promote and maintain behavior modification.
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The A-B-C theory
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ry, family members blame their problems on certain events in the family (A) and are taught to look for irrational beliefs (B)which are then challenged (C).
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The basic premise of behaviorism
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behavior is maintained by its consequences.
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theory of social exchange
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according to which people strive to maximize rewards and minimize costs in relationships.
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behavior exchange theory
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a good relationship is one in which giving and getting are balanced—or, in the model's terms, there is a high ratio of benefits to costs.
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The use of aversive control
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crying, nagging, withdrawing—is often cited as a major determinant of marital unhappiness
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Arbitrary inference
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Conclusions are drawn in the absence of supporting evidence
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Selective abstraction
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Certain details are high-lighted while other important information is ignored
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Overgeneralization
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Isolated incidents are taken as general patterns
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Magnification and minimization
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The significance of events is unrealistically magnified or diminished
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Personalization
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Events are arbitrarily interpreted in reference to oneself
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Dichotomous thinking
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Experiences are interpreted as all good or all bad
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Labeling and mislabeling
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Behavior is attributed to undesirable personality traits
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Mind reading
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This is the magical gift of knowing what other people are thinking without the aid of verbal communication
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Cognitive-behavior therapists
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tailor treatment to fit the case, but the general intent is to extinguish undesired behavior and reinforce positive alternatives
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Operant techniques
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divided into shaping, token economies, contingency contracting, contingency management, and time-out.
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Shaping
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(Schwitzgebel & Kolb, 1964) consists of reinforcing change in small steps.
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Token economies
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(Baer & Sherman, 1969) use points to reward children for good behavior.
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Contingency contracting
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( Stuart, 1971) involves agreements by parents to make certain changes following changes made by their children.
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Contingency management
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( Schwitzgebel, 1967) consists of giving and taking away rewards based onchildren's behavior.
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Time-out
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(Rimm & Masters, 1974) is a punishment where children are made to sit in the corner or sent to their rooms.
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functional family therapy
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(Barton & Alexander, 1981; Morris, Alexander, & Waldron, 1988), point out that members of unhappy families tend to attribute their problems to negative traits (laziness, irresponsibility, poor impulse control) in others.
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Family symptoms
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are treated as learned responses, involuntarily acquired and reinforced. Treatment is generally time limited and symptom focused.
