question

The founder of rational emotive behavior therapy is:

answer

Albert Ellis.

question

Rational emotive behavior therapy belongs to which category of therapy?

answer

cognitive-behavior/action oriented

question

The cognitive-behavioral approach to therapy stresses:

answer

thinking, judging, analyzing, and doing.

question

The correct components of the A-B-C theory of personality are:

answer

activating event, belief, consequence.

question

REBT views emotional disturbances as the result of:

answer

irrational thinking and behaving.

question

According to REBT, what is the core of most emotional disturbance?

answer

blame

question

REBT contends that people:

answer

do not need to be accepted and loved.

question

Which of the following statements does not reflect one of Ellis's three basic musts?

answer

"I must be kind to others or else I won't be a good person."

question

REBT employs what kind of method to help people resolve their emotional and behavioral problems?

answer

the empirical method

question

The main therapeutic goal of REBT is:

answer

none of these (a. to teach clients how to recognize which ego state they are in. b. to make the unconscious conscious. c. to assist the client in becoming aware of his or her "being-in-the-world." d. to challenge the client in making both a value judgment and moral decision about the quality of his or her behavior.)

question

The main function of the rational emotive behavior therapist is to:

answer

challenge clients to reevaluate their ideas and philosophy of life.

question

REBT can best be considered as:

answer

all of these (a.an educative process. b. a didactic process. c. a process challenging ideas and thinking. d. a teaching/learning process)

question

Who developed a cognitive behavioral program for diet and maintenance and has written trade books about this topic?

answer

Judith Beck

question

The role of the client in rational emotive behavior therapy is like that of a:

answer

student or learner.

question

Which method is not employed in REBT?

answer

free association

question

Which theorist is known for his or her abrasive, humorous, and flamboyant style?

answer

Albert Ellis

question

Cognitive restructuring plays an important role in whose approach to therapy?

answer

Judith Beck

question

A feature of REBT that distinguishes it from other cognitive-behavioral therapies is:

answer

its systematic exposition of irrational beliefs that result in emotional and behavioral disturbance.

question

Beck's cognitive therapy involves all of the options below except:

answer

conducting a lifestyle assessment.

question

Sonia, a recovering alcoholic, is going through relapse prevention. During this process, it is likely that she will:

answer

be taught to view any lapses that occur as "learning opportunities" rather than "catastrophic failures."

question

Which of the following is the correct order of the three phases of Meichenbaum's stress-inoculation program?

answer

conceptual-rehearsal-application

question

According to Ellis, we develop emotional and behavioral difficulties because:

answer

we think of simple preferences as dire needs.

question

An REBT therapist would contend that anxiety stems from:

answer

the internal repetition of irrational sentences.

question

In REBT, what method is taught to clients to help them challenge irrational beliefs?

answer

disputational method

question

Which of the following is true about the relationship between a client and a rational emotive behavior therapist?

answer

It is characterized by full acceptance and tolerance.

question

Which of the following REBT techniques helps a client gradually learn to deal with anxiety and challenge basic irrational thinking?

answer

cognitive homework

question

According to REBT, it is important to change the way one uses language because:

answer

all of these (a. imprecise language is one of the causes of distorted thinking processes. b. language shapes thinking and behavior. c. language shapes feelings.)

question

The REBT technique that involves having clients imagine themselves in situations where they feel inappropriate feelings is called:

answer

rational-emotive imagery.

question

Which of the following is not true about role playing in REBT?

answer

It is a way of surfacing unfinished business.

question

Which REBT technique involves having the client do the very thing they avoid because of "what people might think?"

answer

shame-attacking exercises

question

All of the following are true as they apply to self-instructional therapy, except that:

answer

it is an outgrowth of an approach used widely by crisis intervention workers called self-induced change therapy.

question

Which of the following is not part of the five-step treatment procedure used in a coping-skills program?

answer

evaluating the anxiety level of the client by using both physiological and psychological tests

question

All of the following are cognitive methods of REBT except for:

answer

shame-attacking exercises.

question

Which of the following is not true of Beck's cognitive therapy?

answer

It asserts that irrational beliefs lead to emotional problems.

question

One of the main ways that Beck's cognitive therapy differs from Ellis's REBT is that in Beck's approach, more so than in Ellis's approach:

answer

the quality of the therapeutic relationship is basic to the therapy process.

question

In Meichenbaum's cognitive behavior modification, what is given primary importance?

answer

inner speech

question

Stress inoculation training consists of all of the following except:

answer

tapping into the unconscious realm.

question

One strength of cognitive behavioral therapy group counseling is that:

answer

emphasis is placed on symptom prevention.

question

In cognitive therapy, techniques are designed to:

answer

assist individuals in making alternative interpretations of events in their daily living.

question

The type of cognitive error that involves thinking and interpreting in all-or-nothing terms, or in categorizing experiences in either/or extremes, is known as:

answer

polarized thinking.

question

Beck's cognitive therapy differs from Ellis's REBT in that Beck's approach emphasizes:

answer

all of these (a. more of a Socratic dialogue. b. helping clients to discover their misconceptions by themselves. c. working with the client in collaborative ways. d. more structure in the therapy process.)

question

Beck's cognitive therapy has been most widely applied to the treatment of:

answer

depression.

question

Which stage is not included in Meichenbaum's model for stress inoculation training?

answer

the cognition deconstruction phase

question

The cognitive distortion of making conclusions without supporting and relevant evidence is:

answer

arbitrary inferences.

question

The cognitive distortion that consists of forming conclusions based on an isolated detail of an event is:

answer

selective abstraction.

question

The process of holding extreme beliefs on the basis of a single incident and applying them inappropriately to dissimilar events or settings is known as:

answer

overgeneralization.

question

The tendency for individuals to relate external events to themselves, even when there is no basis for making this connection, is known as:

answer

personalization.

question

The cognitive distortion that involves portraying one's identity on the basis of imperfections and mistakes made in the past and allowing them to define one's true identity is:

answer

labeling and mislabeling.

question

To a large degree, cognitive therapy is:

answer

a psychoeducational model.

question

The concept of automatic thoughts plays a central role in whose theory?

answer

Beck

question

Of the following cognitive techniques, which one would Beck be least likely to employ?

answer

confronting the masturbatory thinking of a client

question

According to Meichenbaum, the first step in the change process involves:

answer

observing one's behavior and thinking patterns.

question

The constructivist perspective in cognitive therapy holds that:

answer

there are multiple realities and a therapist's task is to help clients appreciate how they construct their realities and how they author their own stories.

question

Which of the following is not a characteristic of Meichenbaum's constructivist approach to cognitive behavior therapy?

answer

It is more structured and more directive than standard cognitive therapy.

question

Jim told Margie, a cognitive therapist who has adopted a constructivist perspective, that he is a prisoner of his dysfunctional past. Margie should do all of the following except:

answer

steer Jim away from telling his story since storytelling is regarded as a form of resistance.

question

Cognitive behavioral therapists assist clients in using language that:

answer

all of these (a. is not self-condemning. b. depicts the client's thoughts in a rational and accurate manner. c. replaces absolutes with preferences.)

question

Which of the following statements is true with regard to the fit between the cognitive behavioral approaches and multicultural counseling?

answer

There is an "almost perfect fit" between cognitive behavior therapy and multicultural counseling because these perspectives share common assumptions that make integration possible.

question

Roberto, who struggles with feeling inadequate as a provider and husband, has come to work with a cognitive behavioral therapist. In addition to feeling inadequate, he feels angry that he has been marginalized by the mainstream culture. As his therapist, you should do all of the following except:

answer

impress Roberto with your use of jargon to reinforce that you are the expert.

question

A noteworthy strength of the cognitive behavioral approaches is:

answer

they have strong empirical support.

question

To what does the term "cognitive triad" refer?

answer

It is a pattern that triggers depression.

question

Sandra is a reality therapist who is meeting her client Paul, who struggles with career indecision, for the first time. How might she begin her work with Paul?

answer

by asking Paul what he wants from therapy

question

Reality therapy is best categorized as:

answer

a form of cognitive behavior therapy.

question

Reality therapy has gained popularity with:

answer

all of the above (a. school counselors and administrators. b. school teachers, both elementary and secondary. c. rehabilitation workers.)

question

Reality therapy is best described as:

answer

a short-term therapy that stresses doing.

question

The client's quality world consists of all of the following except:

answer

insight.

question

Which of the following is not a component of total behavior?

answer

wanting

question

A reality therapist would most likely respond to a client's complaint of melancholy, sad mood by saying:

answer

"Sounds like you're depressing."

question

The function of the reality therapist is:

answer

to assist clients in dealing with the present.

question

Wubboding believes all of the following encourage the client's involvement in therapy except for:

answer

allowing the client to focus on symptoms.

question

In reality therapy, the counseling environment is:

answer

characterized by a therapeutic climate that establishes the foundation for implementing procedures .

question

Which method(s) is (are) often used in reality therapy?

answer

all of these (a. behavior-oriented methods b. the use of questioning c. exploring a client's quality world d.designing an action plan)

question

What is Robert Wubbolding likely to say about people's problems?

answer

"People don't have problems, they have solutions that have not worked."

question

Which of the following procedures would a reality therapist be least likely to employ?

answer

reliving an early childhood event

question

Which of the following is not a function of the reality therapist?

answer

focusing on areas in the client's life that need improvement so that he or she can achieve a "success identity"

question

All of the following are true about planning and commitment in reality therapy, except:

answer

A great deal of time is spent on this step of reality therapy.

question

Reality therapy is based on which of the following orientations to understanding human behavior?

answer

existential-phenomenological

question

What do reality therapists believe about the use of questions?

answer

Relevant questions help clients gain insights and arrive at plans and solutions.

question

Reality therapists are likely to deal with all of the following except for:

answer

asking clients to recall, report, and share dreams.

question

A reality therapist will primarily focus on:

answer

present behavior.

question

When reality therapists explore a client's past, they tend to focus on:

answer

past successes.

question

In reality therapy, the purpose of developing an action plan is:

answer

to arrange for successful experience.

question

In reality therapy, when a client fails to carry out their plans, the therapist will:

answer

challenge the client to accept the reasonable consequence of his or her behavior.

question

Which of the following is (are) a contribution of reality therapy?

answer

It provides a structure for both clients and therapist to evaluate the degree and the nature of changes.

question

Reality therapy rests on the central idea that:

answer

we choose our behavior and are responsible for what we do, think, and feel.

question

Glasser would agree with all of the following conclusions except:

answer

We are most likely to change if we are threatened by punishment.

question

The core of reality therapy consists of:

answer

teaching clients to take effective control of their own lives.

question

A limitation of this approach as it applies to multicultural counseling is:

answer

oppressed clients may have little choice over their circumstances.

question

All of the following are procedures that are commonly used in reality therapy except:

answer

exploring early recollections.

question

Which of the following procedures would a reality therapist be least likely to employ?

answer

asking a client to emotionally reexperience a childhood experience

question

In a reality therapy group, the leader:

answer

may encounter resistance from members when providing suggestions for how clients can best get what they want.

question

All of the following are key characteristics of contemporary reality therapy except for:

answer

There is a focus on talking about symptoms that bring a client into therapy.

question

Which of these statements is not true?

answer

Reality therapy does not lend itself to a group format.

question

In working with Japanese clients, a reality therapist might do which of the following when asking clients to make plans and commit to them?

answer

The therapist might be likely to accept "I'll try" as a firm commitment.

question

According to Glasser, many of the problems of clients are caused by:

answer

their inability to connect or to have a satisfying relationship with at least one of the significant people in their lives.

question

From the perspective of feminist therapy, the socialization of women inevitably affects their:

answer

all of these (a. identity development. b. self-concept. c. goals and aspirations. d. emotional well-being.)

question

What do the four feminist philosophies (liberal, cultural, radical, and socialist feminism) have in common?

answer

the same goal of activism

question

Feminist therapists, regardless of their philosophical orientation, believe all of the following except that:

answer

human development and interaction are similar across races, cultures, and nations.

question

Stephanie, who believes strongly in feminist principles, is working in an agency that requires therapists to diagnose their clients using the DSM. Stephanie is likely to consider which of the following questions?

answer

Who benefits from using this label? How might this label contribute to disempowering the person to whom it is assigned?

question

Which of the feminist principles views the therapist as simply another source of information, rather than as the expert in the therapy process?

answer

The counseling relationship is egalitarian.

question

Which of the following feminist principles recognizes the importance of working against oppression and discrimination on the basis of race, class, culture, religious beliefs, sexual orientation, age, and disability?

answer

All types of oppression are recognized.

question

Which of the following feminist principles implies that what has been typically viewed as individual clients' personal problems are really socially and politically caused?

answer

The person is political.

question

All of the following are goals of feminist therapy except for:

answer

resolving intrapsychic conflicts from early childhood.

question

Although feminist therapy shares many of the premises of person-centered therapy, feminist therapy does not agree with the notion that:

answer

the therapeutic relationship is, in and of itself, sufficient to produce change.

question

Which of the following themes would clients in feminist therapy be least likely to explore?

answer

transference reactions toward their therapist

question

After having a bad therapeutic experience with a mental health professional who pathologized her anxiety over financial issues, Lillian decided to consult with a feminist therapist. How is her new therapist likely to view her anxiety symptoms?

answer

as a sign of distress rather than psychopathology

question

Of the following, which intervention would a feminist therapist probably consider most essential?

answer

social action

question

All of the following are reasons many feminist therapists do not use diagnostic labels, or use them reluctantly, except that:

answer

diagnostic labels focus on the social factors that cause dysfunctional behavior.

question

The preferred alternative to traditional diagnosis and assessment of feminist therapists is:

answer

gender role analysis.

question

Which of the following interventions involves a shift from "blaming the victim" to consideration of social factors in the environment that contribute to a client's problem?

answer

reframing

question

All of the following strategies are unique to feminist therapy except for:

answer

cognitive restructuring.

question

Of the following, which is not an assumption shared by the cognitive behavioral and feminist therapy approaches?

answer

assuming that the therapeutic relationship alone is necessary and sufficient to bring about change

question

Who is most noted for her contributions to the development of feminist therapy?

answer

Laura Brown

question

A feminist therapist is likely to become an advocate for change in the social structure by arguing for:

answer

all of these (a. the right to self-determination. b. the freedom to pursue a career outside the home. c. the right to an education. d. equality in power in relationships.)

question

Of the following, which is one of the major contributions that feminists have made to the field of counseling?

answer

paving the way for gender-sensitive practice

question

Which of these statements is not true about lesbian feminism?

answer

Queer theory and lesbian theory are identical.

question

The constructs of feminist theory, in contrast to traditional theories, include all of the following except for which characteristic?

answer

intrapsychic orientation

question

The relational-cultural theory emphasizes the vital role:

answer

that relationships and connectedness with others play in the lives of women.

question

The feminist perspectives on the development of personality:

answer

all of these (a. encompass the diversity and complexity of women's lives. b. attend to the ways in which diversity influences self-structures. c. recognize the inextricable connection between internal and external worlds. d. acknowledge the political and social oppression of women.)

question

Which of the following principles of feminist psychology is most aimed at advancing a transformation in society?

answer

Commitment to social change.

question

The feminist approach to group counseling involves all of the following except:

answer

an opportunity to experience and analyze multiple transferences.

question

During the past 20 years ____________ have found classic feminist theories wanting and have offered new theoretical perspectives focused on issues of diversity, the complexity of sexism, and the centrality of social context in understanding gender issues.

answer

postmodern feminists

question

A limit of the feminist approach from a diversity perspective is:

answer

the tendency to impose upon a client personal values that may not be consistent with the client's cultural framework.

question

Which of the following is not considered one of the six core principles of feminist therapy?

answer

an intrapsychic orientation

question

Feminist therapists reject:

answer

the androcentric view.

question

A solution-oriented therapist might ask her client, a compulsive shopper, which of the following questions?

answer

If a miracle happened and your shopping compulsion was solved overnight, how would you know it was solved, and what would be different?

question

The postmodern view incorporates all of the following concepts except for the notion that:

answer

reality is objectively defined.

question

Donna feels certain that no one will ever want to hire her because she has a timid personality. Her solution-oriented therapist would be most inclined to:

answer

ask Donna to examine another side of the story she is presenting about herself and think of times when she was accepted by others.

question

In the view of the postmodern therapist, the most essential element of therapy is:

answer

the collaborative therapeutic relationship.

question

All of the following are techniques used in solution-focused therapy except for:

answer

using the reflecting team

question

All of the following are characteristics shared by the postmodern and person-centered approaches except:

answer

the importance of using specific techniques in therapy.

question

All are true of solution-focused brief therapists except that they:

answer

focus on the client's early childhood experiences.

question

In the solution-oriented approach, which is not considered one of the three basic parts to the structure of summary feedback?

answer

expressing concern

question

The therapeutic process in solution-focused brief therapy involves:

answer

all of these (a. the premise that to some degree clients already know the solutions to their problems. b. asking clients about those times when their problems were not present or when the problems were less severe. c. believing that clients are the experts on their own lives. d. trusting that solutions evolve out of therapeutic conversations and dialogues.)

question

Which of the following is false as it applies to the practice of solution-focused brief therapy?

answer

Using techniques in therapy is a way of discounting a client's capacity to find his or her own way.

question

Narrative therapy has been found to be particularly effective with diverse client populations for all of the following reasons except:

answer

it teaches diverse clients to replace their own narratives with ones that conform more closely to the ideals and values of mainstream culture.

question

The role of the leader in solution-focused therapy groups is not:

answer

to provide clients with simple solutions to their problems.

question

Which of these solution-focused therapy techniques involves asking clients to describe times in their lives when they were able to solve their problem or when their problem was less severe?

answer

exception questions

question

Solution-focused brief therapy has parallels with______________, which concentrates on what, is right and what is working for people rather than dwelling on deficits, weaknesses, and problems.

answer

positive psychology

question

Which of the following statements about creating alternative stories is not true?

answer

The narrative therapist analyzes and interprets the meaning of a client's story.

question

From a social constructionist perspective, change begins with:

answer

deconstructing the power of cultural narratives.

question

Of the following, what is an interest that social constructionists tend to share?

answer

generating new meaning in the lives of individuals

question

The techniques of externalization and developing unique events are associated primarily with:

answer

the narrative approach.

question

Narrative therapists attempt to do all of the following except:

answer

encourage free association.

question

Narrative therapists pay attention to "sparkling events." These are:

answer

events that contradict problem-saturated narratives.

question

The creation of the self, which dominated the modernist search for human essence and truth:

answer

is being replaced by postmodernists with the concept of socially storied lives.

question

A limitation of the postmodern approaches is:

answer

inexperienced therapists may over rely on techniques and appear mechanistic.

question

Which is not a major contribution of the postmodern approaches?

answer

research on these approaches is considered empirically generalizable.

question

The founder(s) of solution-focused brief therapy is (are):

answer

Insoo Kim Berg and Steve de Shazer.

question

The founder(s) of narrative therapy is (are):

answer

Michael White and David Epston

question

Who was the first person of the modern era to do family therapy?

answer

Adler

question

Which family therapist made use of innovative interventions such as metaphor, reframing, rules for interaction, parts party, family reconstructions, family sculpting, and family maps?

answer

Satir

question

Which of the following statements about strategic family therapy is not true?

answer

Presenting problems are viewed as being symptomatic of a dysfunction within the system.

question

Alfred Adler was the first to notice that the development of children within family constellations was heavily influenced by:

answer

birth order.

question

Postmodern thought has contributed to family therapy by:

answer

promoting the therapist's view of clients as the experts on their own lives.

question

Who was the person who refined Adler's concepts into a typology of mistaken goals and an organized approach to family therapy?

answer

Rudolf Dreikurs

question

The concept of triangulation is most associated with:

answer

Murray Bowen.

question

From the family systems perspective, symptoms are often viewed as:

answer

an expression of a set of habits and patterns within a family.

question

What is the technique in family therapy that casts a new light on a problem and provides a different interpretation for a problematic situation?

answer

reframing

question

A major contribution of Bowen's theory is the notion of:

answer

differentiation of the self

question

The systems perspective implies:

answer

individuals are best understood through the context of their role in their family.

question

Which is(are) a key role (or roles) of most family therapists?

answer

all of these (a. teacher b. model c. coach d. consultant)

question

Which of the following techniques is a strategic family therapist least likely to use?

answer

family sculpting

question

A tool for collecting and organizing key relationships in a three-generational extended family is a:

answer

genogram.

question

Which of the following roles and functions would be least interesting to a structural family therapist?

answer

giving voice to the therapist's own impulses and fantasies

question

Which of the following is least associated with Satir's human validation process model?

answer

storied lives and narratives

question

The one central principle agreed upon by family therapy practitioners, regardless of their particular approach, is that

answer

the client is connected to living systems.

question

Which approach to family therapy contends that one's current family problems will not significantly change until relationship patterns in one's family of origin are understood and directly challenged?

answer

Bowenian family therapy

question

The techniques of joining, accommodating, unbalancing, tracking, and boundary making are most likely to be part of which approach to family therapy?

answer

structural family therapy

question

A major contribution of Whitaker's approach to family therapy is:

answer

spontaneity, creativity, and play as therapeutic factors in family therapy.

question

Roger and his wife are experiencing tension in their relationship because he believes she is far too lenient with their children when they misbehave. This forces him to play the role of "bad cop" as a parent, which makes him angry. A family therapist working with Roger and his family might:

answer

help to modify the family's transactional rules and develop more appropriate boundaries.

question

____________________ views the counselor and therapist as an observer who is outside of the system, can assess what is going on, and can promote change—all without ever becoming part of the system.

answer

First-order cybernetics

question

Chun Hei is a Korean immigrant who has been separated from her family and friends for over a year since she came to the U.S. with her husband. She spends her days taking care of their two young children while he goes to work, and feels increasingly depressed without her support system. It is likely that a family therapist who meets Chun Hei:

answer

would be very interested in how her depression affects others in the family and how it influences family process.

question

Which approach assumes that a family can best be understood when it is analyzed from at least a three-generational perspective?

answer

Bowenian family therapy

question

Which approach asserts that emotional fusion to one's family must be addressed if one hopes to achieve a mature and unique personality?

answer

Bowenian family therapy

question

A couple directs the focus of their energy toward a problematic son as a way to avoid facing or dealing with their own conflicts. This is an example of:

answer

triangulation.

question

In working with a triangulated relationship, Bowen would be inclined to place primary emphasis on:

answer

maintaining a stance of neutrality.

question

Structural family therapy includes all of the following goals except for bringing about structural change by:

answer

the therapist taking a not-knowing stance with a family.

question

The opposite of a differentiated self is experienced as:

answer

emotional reactivity.

question

To prevent his parents from leaving the house, Miguel throws temper tantrums. His parents have given in to his demands and never go out to dinner or to movies anymore. A structural/strategic therapist working with Miguel and his parents will most likely:

answer

have them participate in an enactment during the therapy session.

question

Which of the following individuals is not associated with family therapy?

answer

Albert Ellis

question

Which approach would be most interested in the appropriateness of hierarchical structure in the family?

answer

structural family therapy

question

Jean-Pierre told the family therapist that his wife loses control of her temper with their children because of his demanding work schedule and his inability to be there to support her. Which communication stance has he adopted?

answer

placating

question

Family atmosphere, family constellation, and mistaken goals are key concepts of:

answer

Adlerian family therapy.

question

Yelina seems to ignore the major marital problems that she and her husband Carlos are having as a result of sharp differences in their viewpoints on political and social issues that are affecting their native country, Cuba. Whenever a friend points out the tension she observes, Yelina changes the subject and talks about the weather forecast. Yelina is adopting which of the following communication stances?

answer

irrelevant

question

Which of the following theorists emphasized the development of a nurturing triad?

answer

Satir

question

Adlerian family therapy strives to ______ as its goal.

answer

establish and support parents as effective leaders of the family

question

Problem descriptions and goal identification, typical day, the child interview and goal disclosure are techniques used in:

answer

Adlerian family therapy.

question

A potential limitation of the family systems model is:

answer

a particular family member's needs may be overshadowed by the needs of the system.

question

The therapy goals of promoting growth, self-esteem, and connection, and helping family members achieve congruent communication and interaction are most associated with which theory of family therapy?

answer

Satir's human validation process model

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