CMU Psy 100 Test 4 - Flashcards

question

Ted is friendly, loves to tells jokes at parties, and is perceived by others as warm and considerate. On which two of the Big Five traits would you expect Ted to obtain high scores? a. agreeableness and extraversion b. extraversion and conscientiousness c. neuroticism and openness to experience d. openness to experience and conscientiousness

answer

agreeableness and extraversion

question

A therapist challenges what she sees as her client's irrational and self-defeating thoughts. Her goal is to help her client change these thoughts into more rational, helpful, positive thoughts. In addition, she wants to help her client develop strategies that can be used to cope with future problems. She is probably a ______________ therapist. a. cognitive-behavioral b. person-centered c. psychoanalytic d. Gestalt

answer

cognitive-behavioral

question

You are a contestant on Jeopardy! and it is your turn. You say, "I'll take 'History of Therapies' for $100." The answer is, "He began the movement for humane treatment of the mentally ill." The smile on your face reveals the confidence you have as you say ______________. a. "Who was Sigmund Freud?" b. "Who was Carl Rogers?" c. "Who was Philippe Pinel?" d. "Who was Abraham Maslow?"

answer

"Who was Philippe Pinel?"

question

The field of _____________ is devoted to the study of just how much of personality is due to inherited traits. a. behavioral genetics b. genetic microbiology c. genomanalysis d. geometric heredity

answer

behavioral genetics

question

According to Sigmund Freud, when you awaken in the morning and remember a dream, you recall the dream's ___________. a. latent content b. deep meaning c. surface meaning d. manifest content

answer

latent content

question

Medication, electroconvulsive shock therapy, and psychosurgery are all types of ______. a. cognitive therapy b. behavioral therapy c. biomedical therapy d. psychoanalytic therapy

answer

biomedical therapy

question

Ellen has been described as creative, imaginative, curious, artistic, and nonconforming. She is likely to obtain an elevated score on a questionnaire designed to measure ______________. a. extraversion b. agreeableness c. conscientiousness d. openness

answer

openness

question

Manny has such an intense fear of flying insects that he hardly ever goes outside his house during the summer months. He is probably suffering from a ______. a. somatoform disorder b. conversion reaction c. personality disorder d. phobia

answer

phobia

question

Each of the following is a symptom of bulimia nervosa EXCEPT ______. a. recurrent episodes of binge eating b. refusal to maintain body weight at or above minimal normal weight for age and height c. recurrent inappropriate behaviors, such as self-induced vomiting, to try and prevent weight gain d. body shape and weight excessively influencing the person's self-image

answer

refusal to maintain body weight at or above minimal normal weight for age and height

question

Jung believed that there were two levels to the unconscious mind, the personal and the ________. a. collective b. animus c. anima d. preconscious

answer

collective

question

Carl Rogers's person-centered approach is considered ________ because the client actually does all the real work, with the therapist merely acting as a sounding board. a. directive b. nondirective c. behavioral d. cognitive

answer

nondirective

question

Fears of snakes, thunderstorms, darkness, and water are classified as ______ phobias. a. specific b. social c. primary d. innate

answer

specific

question

For Freud, ideas, thoughts, and feelings of which we are currently aware are in the ______ mind. a. unconscious b. preconscious c. collective unconscious d. conscious

answer

concious

question

A therapist is interested in helping her client get a clearer understanding of his motives and actions. This therapist is most likely to be a(n) ____________. a. action therapist b. insight therapist c. biomedical therapist d. relationship therapist

answer

insight therapist

question

The kind of therapy that uses biological treatments such as medication, surgical methods, and electrical shock treatments to bring about changes in the person's disordered behavior is called __________________. a. psychotherapy b. biomedical therapy c. physical therapy d. electroconvulsive shock therapy

answer

biomedical therapy

question

Skinner and Watson believed that personality is the result of: a. operant conditioning and vicarious learning. b. classical and operant conditioning and observational learning. c. observational learning and classical conditioning. d. behavioral reinforcement.

answer

classical and operant conditioning and observational learning

question

Some drugs that combat depression work by ____________. a. increasing the amount of serotonin in the brain b. blocking dopamine receptors in the brain c. inhibiting the function of the medulla and the pons d. increasing the amount of acetylcholine in the brain

answer

increasing the amount of serotonin in the brain

question

Which of the following is one definition of abnormal behavior? a. behavior that is rare b. behavior that is consistent with the norms of society c. behavior that does not create distress d. behavior that is adaptive

answer

behavior that is rare

question

In Carl Rogers's theory, our perception of our abilities, behaviors, and characteristics is known as ________. a. personality b. self-regard c. self-esteem d. self-concept

answer

self-concept

question

John and his wife are having trouble communicating and getting along with one another. Which type of therapy is most likely to help them with their problems? a. family b. individual c. self-help group d. systematic desensitization

answer

family

question

Which of the following was not a facet of Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism? a. feelings of inferiority b. environment c. personal/cognitive factors d. behaviors

answer

feelings of inferiority

question

Which of the following was one of the four humors studied by Hippocrates? a. urine b. saliva c. pus d. phlegm

answer

phlegm

question

According to Freud, the ___________ of the dream refers to the hidden, symbolic meaning of the dream, which, if correctly interpreted, reveals the unconscious conflicts that created the nervous disorder. a. manifest content b. free association c. latent content d. resistance

answer

latent content

question

Which neurotransmitter is not implicated in the development of mood disorders? a. serotonin b. endorphins c. dopamine d. norepinephrine

answer

endorphins

question

Family counseling is a form of ______ therapy. a. organic b. group c. self-help d. informal

answer

group

question

Albert Bandura's notion that people are affected by their environment, but can also influence that environment, is known as __________. a. self-efficacy b. locus of control c. phenomenology d. reciprocal determinism

answer

reciprocal determinism

question

Ellie is a graduate student in psychology at the local university. She is interested in one day specializing in the study of abnormal behavior. What area of psychology should she focus on in school? a. health psychology b. psychopathology c. psychobiology d. developmental psychology

answer

psychopathology

question

Twin studies have shown that if one identical twin has either major depression or bipolar disorder, the chances that the other twin will develop a mood disorder are about ________ percent. a. 40 to 70 b. 10 to 25 c. 25 to 50 d. 90

answer

40 to 70

question

According to family, twin, and adoption studies, a person is at greatest risk for developing schizophrenia _________. a. if he or she has an identical twin diagnosed with the disorder b. if he or she has a nonidentical twin diagnosed with the disorder c. if he or she has an adoptive parent diagnosed with the disorder d. if he or she has a biological parent diagnosed with the disorder

answer

if he or she has an identical twin diagnosed with the disorder

question

Which type of therapy emphasizes people's potential for growth and the importance of an empathetic therapist? a. psychoanalytic b. person-centered c. cognitive-behavior d. cognitive

answer

person-centered

question

Which of the following individuals would be considered a good candidate for humanistic therapy? a. Mary, who is extremely withdrawn b. Kaleem, who suffers from a severe psychotic disorder c. Pasha, who is unable to verbally express her thoughts and feelings d. Lou, who is seeking a career change

answer

Lou, who is seeking a career change

question

What is Freud's term for the primitive, biological side of personality? a. id b. ego c. superego d. preconscious

answer

ego

question

Anthony is sick of writing papers and studying for tests, but he knows he needs a college degree if he wants to be successful in his chosen career. So every morning Anthony gives himself a dressing down—in essence, yelling at himself—to make himself get out of bed and go to classes, and every evening he does the same thing to get himself to do his work. According to Freud, which personality structure is in control here? a. id b. ego c. unconscious d. superego

answer

superego

question

Which method of treating phobias involves progressive relaxation and exposure to the feared object? a. extinction b. punishment c. token economy d. systematic desensitization

answer

systematic desensitization

question

Lydia is a divorced mother who attends meetings with peers who share the same problems and stressful situations. There is no professional facilitating these meetings. What type of sessions is Lydia attending? a. individual therapy b. family therapy c. self-help group d. assertiveness training

answer

self-help group

question

The basic goal of systematic desensitization is to ________. a. relax body muscles b. address the causes of one's fears c. relax individuals in the presence of a feared object or situation d. understand what an individual is thinking when faced with a feared object or situation

answer

relax individuals in the presence of a feared object or situation

question

Approximately ________ out of every 1,000 people worldwide will develop schizophrenia at some point during their lives. a. 7-8 b. 12-15 c. 25-30 d. 100-110

answer

7-8

question

When Freud referred to the sexual drive of babies and young children, to what was he really referring? a. the fact that sexual orientation is established from birth b. the fact that children focus on their bodies to give them physical pleasure c. the fact that children need to be taught about sexual morality from a very early age d. the fact that children have genitals that distinguish them as male or female from birth

answer

the fact that children focus on their bodies to give them physical pleasure

question

After being passed up for a promotion and then getting into a heated argument with his son, a man disappears. He shows up two weeks later in another town with no memory of who he is or how he got there. He appears to be suffering from ______. a. paraphilia b. schizophrenia c. a somatoform disorder d. a dissociative disorder

answer

a dissociative behavior

question

The term affect is used by psychologists to refer to ______. a. thought b. emotion c. behavior d. intuition

answer

emotion

question

According to Albert Bandura, a person's belief about his or her skills and ability to perform certain behaviors is known as ________. a. self-efficacy b. locus of control c. phenomenology d. reciprocal determinism

answer

self-efficacy

question

Which behavior therapy technique is commonly used to treat anxieties or fears? a. interpretation b. free association c. dream analysis d. exposure

answer

exposure

question

Many have compared Freud's idea of the mind to an iceberg. If that were the case, and you were standing on the deck of a ship in Alaska, what part of the mind would you see above the water? a. ego b. anima c. id d. preconscious

answer

ego

question

The source that a person believes to be exerting control over life's events is called ________. a. low self-esteem b. locus of control c. high self-efficacy d. an internal focus

answer

locus of control

question

Which term was given to psychoanalysts who broke away from strict interpretation of Freud's theory and developed theories of their own that were based upon Freud's work? a. retro-Freudians b. nouveau-Freudians c. neo-Freudians d. anti-Freudians

answer

neo-Freudians

question

People who have a(n) ______ are afraid of being evaluated in some negative way by others, so they tend to avoid situations that can be embarrassing. a. agoraphobia b. social anxiety disorder c. specific phobia d. interactive phobia

answer

social anxiety disorder

question

Which of the following is one of the criticisms of behavior therapy? a. It focuses on the underlying cause of behavior and not the symptoms. b. Therapy typically lasts for several years and is very expensive. c. It focuses too much on the past. d. It only relieves some symptoms of schizophrenia but does not treat the overall disorder.

answer

it only relieves some symptoms of schizophrenia but it does not treat the overall disorder

question

Willamina is interested in helping her client get a clearer understanding of his motives and actions. She is most likely to be a(n) ____________. a. action therapist b. insight therapist c. biomedical therapist d. relationship therapist

answer

insight therapist

question

What do behavior therapists see as the cause of abnormal or undesirable behaviors? a. learning b. unconscious conflicts c. distortions in thinking d. discrepancy between the real self and ideal self

answer

learning

question

Carolyn took home some printer paper from the office. Later, she felt guilty for stealing it, so she brought some paper to work to replace what she took. Freud would suggest that Carolyn's ________ was influencing her motives and behavior. a. id b. unconscious mind c. ego d. superego

answer

superego

question

Which of the following statements is true about the DSM-5? a. It describes symptoms and includes a checklist of specific criteria for diagnosis. b. It lists information regarding symptoms, but does not include a checklist of criteria that must be met for diagnosis. c. It is used to diagnose medical conditions that may have an impact on mental health. d. It is used to diagnose all kinds of medical conditions.

answer

it describes symptoms and includes a checklist of a specific criteria for diagnosis

question

False sensory perceptions that often take the form of hearing voices are called ______. a. delusions b. hallucinations c. obsessions d. compulsions

answer

hallucinations

question

After returning from the Iraq war, Caddell was plagued by nightmares of the attacks. In addition, he avoided anything associated with the war and was hypervigilant for danger. He has been home for nearly six months, but these symptoms continue. Caddell might have ________. a. acute stress disorder b. a mood disorder c. obsessive-compulsive disorder d. post-traumatic stress disorder

answer

post-traumatic stress disorder

question

Which psychological test asks the subject to tell a story based on a picture of one or more people in which it is unclear what is going on? a. Rorschach test b. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) c. California Psychological Inventory (CPI) d. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

answer

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

question

What is the most frequently diagnosed anxiety disorder in the United States? a. specific phobia b. social anxiety disorder c. post-traumatic stress disorder d. obsessive-compulsive disorder

answer

specific phobia

question

Which neurotransmitters are most important in the development of mood disorders? a. GABA, endorphins, and serotonin b. acetylcholine, serotonin, and GABA c. dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine d. norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and serotonin

answer

dopamine, serotonin, and norpinephrine

question

When selecting a therapist, it seems that white men and women who are of middle income _________. a. have no preference regarding the gender of the therapist b. prefer a female therapist c. prefer a male therapist d. prefer male and female co-therapists

answer

prefer a female therapist

question

The television talks to Heidi. It tells her the police are out to get her. Because Heidi has schizophrenia, she is mostly experiencing a(n) ________. a. delusion b. flat affect c. evolution d. hallucination

answer

hallucination

question

For Freud, the only personality structure present at birth is the ______. a. id b. ego c. superego d. preconscious

answer

id

question

What is the name of the culture-bound syndrome that involves a period of increased agitation and violence? a. taijin-kyofu-sho b. ghost sickness c. amok d. susto

answer

amok

question

________ is a repetitive behavior or mental act that an individual feels compelled to perform in response to an obsession. a. Bulimia nervosa b. An obsession c. A compulsion d. Rumination

answer

a compulsion

question

Padma is extremely confident and feels that lately she needs very little sleep. In addition, she reports that her thoughts seem to be going fast—similar to watching three television shows at once. Padma most likely is experiencing ________. a. a manic episode b. a dysthymic episode c. a loss of mental control d. a psychotic break

answer

a manic episode

question

Which of the following is a condition in which a person shows little or no emotion? a. hallucinations b. delusions c. inappropriate affect d. flat affect

answer

flat affect

question

______________ focuses on the present and assumes that people observe the world and the people around them, make assumptions and inferences based on these observations, and then decide how to respond. a. Person-centered therapy b. Cognitive-behavioral therapy c. Behavior therapy d. Gestalt therapy

answer

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

question

Which occupation would be especially difficult for a person who suffers from acrophobia? a. cashier b. baseball umpire c. window washer d. emergency room nurse

answer

window washer

question

_____________ theory is called the "third force" in personality theory. a. Psychoanalytic b. Behaviorist c. Cognitive d. Humanistic

answer

Humanistic

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of major depressive disorder? a. depressed mood that comes and goes frequently b. diminished interest in daily activities c. heightened interest in sexual activity d. an enhanced sense of creativity

answer

diminished interest in daily activities

question

People who are attempting to become extremely thin by refusing to eat suffer from __________________. a. bulimia nervosa b. obesity phobia c. anorexia nervosa d. dissociation

answer

anorexia nervosa

question

In which form of therapy does the therapist take a directive role, challenging clients when they make "my way or nothing" statements? a. psychoanalysis b. behavior therapy c. person-centered therapy d. rational emotive behavior therapy

answer

rational emotive behavior theory

question

Which of the following is the appropriate definition of psychosurgery? a. information given to a patient about a surgical procedure before the surgery in order to prevent anxiety b. surgery that is performed on brain tissue to relieve or control severe psychological disorders c. surgery that severs the spinal cord of the patient d. a procedure in which a brief current of electricity is used to trigger a seizure that typically lasts one minute, causing the body to convulse

answer

surgery that is performed on brain tissue to relieve or control severe psychological disorders

question

In any given year, about ______ percent of adults over the age of 18 suffer from a mental disorder. a. 26 b. 12 c. 33 d. 43

answer

26

question

Which of the following is an example of subjective discomfort? a. hearing voices that no one else can hear b. worrying about everything most of the time c. feeling that one is better than everyone else d. deciding that rules are for suckers and that you don't have to obey them as long as you don't get caught

answer

worrying about everything most of the time

question

Iram is afraid of snakes. In an effort to help him overcome his fear, his therapist has him enter a room where there are dozens of snakes and has him hold them. Iram is not permitted to leave the room until the therapy session is completed. Iram's therapist is using ______. a. systematic desensitization b. flooding c. paradoxical intent d. aversion therapy

answer

flooding

question

_______________ formed a large part of Freud's psychoanalytic method. a. Reflection b. Empathy c. Dream interpretation d. Unconditional positive regard

answer

Dream interpretation

question

Probably the biggest problem with personality assessments by behaviorists is the _______. a. observer effect b. subject bias c. experimenter bias d. test bias

answer

observer effect

question

When anxiety provoking memories are prevented from reaching conscious awareness, such as not remembering lying to parents, it is called ________. a. denial b. sublimation c. repression d. regression

answer

repression

question

Julie has a fear of riding in elevators. She is seeing a therapist who asks her to construct a hierarchy of her fears related to riding in elevators. In addition, her therapist is teaching her to relax while imagining each fear in the hierarchy. Julie's therapist is using __________. a. person-centered therapy b. rational emotive therapy c. systematic desensitization d. cognitive consistency therapy

answer

systematic desensitization

question

An individual operating on the reality principle seeks ____________. a. immediate gratification b. perfect accomplishments c. to reveal unconscious motivations d. rational means for obtaining gratification

answer

immediate gratification

question

Yongmei is studying for her math test. Her boyfriend Marcus asks if she can go to the movies with him. She would love to go but she knows she has to study for the math test in order to pass the class. What part of Yongmei's personality will tell her to stay home and study because passing the class is necessary for her to graduate? a. her ego, because it is the moral conscience of her personality b. her id, because studying is what she really wants to do c. her libido, because she knows her boyfriend will love her more if she studies d. her superego, because it is this part of the personality that is the moral conscience

answer

her superego, because it is this part of the personality that is the moral conscience

question

The psychodynamic model of abnormal behavior is based on the work of ______. a. Freud b. Perls c. Rogers d. Skinner

answer

Freud

question

________ refers to psychotherapy that is provided on the internet. a. Cybertherapy b. Participant modeling c. Virtual reality d. In-vivo exposure

answer

cybertherapy

question

The main advantage of personality inventories over projective tests and interviews is _____________. a. inventories are standardized b. interviews are standardized c. interviews have higher validity d. There are no major differences.

answer

inventories are standard

question

In the wake of the recent BP oil spill disaster in the Gulf of Mexico, there has been an increase in reported cases of _________. Some researchers are finding that virtual reality exposure therapy has helped with the treatment of these problems. a. posttraumatic stress disorder b. major depression c. schizophrenia d. panic disorder

answer

post traumatic stress disorder

question

When you accept someone—faults and all—regardless of whether or not you like the individual or approve of his or her lifestyle, Rogers suggests that you are exhibiting ________. a. restraint b. unconditional positive regard c. self-editing d. genuineness

answer

unconditional postive regard

question

Juan is so afraid of germs that he wears gloves when opening doors. He is encouraged by his therapist to imitate a person in a video who demonstrates opening a door, step-by-step, without wearing gloves. Which technique is his therapist using? a. systematic desensitization b. token economy c. participant modeling d. extinction

answer

participant modeling

question

A person's responses to a projective test are thought to reflect ____________. a. current events b. daydreaming themes c. maladaptive patterns of behavior d. unconscious thoughts and feelings

answer

unconscious thoughts and feelings

question

Which of the following is an advantage of person-centered therapy? a. Clients do not need to be verbal. b. There is too much empirical research about it. c. It is one of the best approaches for treating serious disorders. d. The therapist has a lower risk of having his or her words misinterpreted by the client.

answer

the therapist has a lower risk of having his or her work misinterpreted by the client

question

An eating disorder characterized by eating binges followed by self-induced vomiting is called ________. a. anorexia nervosa b. bulimia c. hormone under secretion d. leptin reduction

answer

bulimia

question

A dissociative disorder characterized by a partial or complete loss of memory for personal information that is usually associated with a stressful or emotionally traumatic experience is known as ______. a. dissociative identity disorder b. depersonalization disorder c. dissociative amnesia d. dissociative fugue

answer

dissociative amnesia

question

Lulu sees a therapist once a week. During her therapy sessions, she discusses issues and events that have impacted her life. Her therapist helps her to understand how these events and issues have affected her. The type of therapy Lulu is seeking is called ______________. a. psychotherapy b. biomedical therapy c. physical therapy d. electroconvulsive shock therapy

answer

psychotherapy

question

Psychoanalysis was a therapy technique designed by ______. a. Alfred Adler b. Carl Rogers c. Fritz Perls d. Sigmund Freud

answer

Sigmund Freud

question

Tony has devised a test in which people look at clouds and talk about what they see. What type of test would psychologists call this? a. dynamic b. projective c. objective d. predictive

answer

projective

question

Which of the following statements describes the relationship between temperament and personality? a. Temperament and personality are the exact same thing. b. Personality, which we are born with, is the basis upon which one's temperament is built. c. Temperament, which we are born with, is the basis upon which one's personality is built. d. Temperament refers to negative personal characteristics, while personality refers to positive personal characteristics.

answer

temperament, which we are born with, is the basis upon one's personality is built

question

According to Rogers, which of the following people is MOST likely to become a fully functioning person? a. someone with a strongly developed superego b. someone with an extraverted personality c. someone brought up with conditional positive regard d. someone brought up with unconditional positive regard

answer

someone brought up with a unconditional positive regard

question

Shanda is afraid of failing one of her final exams, primarily because she thinks the professor gives hard exams and so, no matter how much studying she does, it won't matter. Cognitive theorists would suggest that Shanda: a. has an external locus of control. b. has an internal locus of control. c. has an introverted personality. d. has an extraverted personality.

answer

has an external locus of control

question

There were three friends. Maybe you've heard of them! Harry was rational, logical, and cunning. Hermione was rule-oriented, moral, and always ethical. Ron was pleasure seeking, found it hard to delay gratification, and usually just did what he wanted. According to Freud, Ron was mostly ___________. a. id b. ego c. superego d. libido

answer

id

question

The police find a man who is disheveled and in a daze wandering through the downtown area. When the police ask him for his name, he seems bewildered. A search of missing persons photographs reveals that this man was reported missing three months ago in a town more than 700 miles away. The man is most likely suffering from _________. a. schizophrenia b. dissociative fugue c. dissociative amnesia d. dissociative identity disorder

answer

dissociative amnesia

question

There were three friends. Maybe you've heard of them! Harry was rational, logical, and cunning. Hermione was rule-oriented, moral, and always ethical. Ron was pleasure seeking, found it hard to delay gratification, and usually just did what he wanted. According to Freud, Hermione was mostly ___________. a. id b. ego c. superego d. libido

answer

superego

question

Frank and Gina are looking at an abstract painting in a museum. Gina describes objects and people she thinks she sees in the painting. Frank says, "It's a bunch of paint thrown on a canvas." Gina responds, "No, there is so much here that you just don't see." During lunch, they agree that their experience reminds them of what concept they learned in introductory psychology? a. social cognition b. trait theory c. projective testing d. the Big Five

answer

projective testing

question

A technique for treating phobias and other stress disorders in which the person is suddenly exposed to the fear-provoking situation or object in an intense way and is prevented from making the usual avoidance or escape response is called __________. a. systematic desensitization b. flooding c. paradoxical intent d. aversive therapy

answer

flooding

question

Someone interested in an inventory that might be helpful for making a career choice should try _______. a. the TAT b. a Rorschach test c. the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator d. the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

answer

the myer-briggs type indicator

question

Which of the following is a legitimate hypothesis that explains why the rate of depression appears to be twice as high for women as compared to men across various cultures? a. Women seek treatment more often than men. b. Women appear to have excessive amounts of the neurotransmitter that plays a key role in depression. c. The increased divorce rate has been more traumatic to how women view themselves and their purpose in life. d. The different social roles played by women predispose them to depression.

answer

the different social roles played by women predispose them to depression

question

Therapy that depends on identifying and changing distorted thinking and unrealistic beliefs is ______ therapy. a. cognitive b. psychoanalytic c. behavior d. person-centered

answer

cognitive

question

Using Hofstede's dimensions of cultural personality, how would you describe a culture characterized by loose ties between individuals, shared activities among friends, autonomy, and equality? a. individualistic b. high in power distance c. masculine d. high in uncertainty avoidance

answer

individualistic

question

Which of the following is a therapy based on the principles of operant conditioning? a. systematic desensitization b. flooding c. aversion therapy d. token economy

answer

token economy

question

According to Freud, during the first 18 months of life, the dominant source of erogenous pleasure is the ______. a. genitals b. mouth c. hands d. anus

answer

mouth

question

According to Carl Rogers, the __________ is how people think they should be. a. ideal self b. real self c. ego d. id

answer

ideal self

question

What do humanistic and psychoanalytic theories have in common? a. They are both testable. b. They are both difficult to test. c. They both rely on stages. d. They both base much of their theory on early stressful events.

answer

they are both difficult to test

question

Which of the following descriptions is likely to fit the quality of self-actualization? a. shy, silent, and humorless b. real self close to ideal self c. ideal self dominating real self d. superego dominating id

answer

real self close to ideal self

question

Which of the Freudian stages of personality development begins around puberty? a. oral b. anal c. phallic d. genital

answer

genital

question

Which of the following is a barrier to effective therapy when the cultural backgrounds of the client and therapist are different? a. language b. gender c. age d. clothing

answer

language

question

Which pair consists of negative symptoms of schizophrenia? a. poor attention and flat affect b. blunted affect and delusions c. abolition and hallucinations d. delusions and hallucinations

answer

delusions and hallucinations

question

Linda is afraid of cats because, when she was a little girl, a cat scared her by jumping out of her closet and onto her face. As a result of this experience, Linda learned to be afraid of cats. Which model of abnormality offers the best explanation of Linda's fear? a. cognitive b. behavioral c. sociocultural d. psychoanalytic

answer

behavioral

question

According to the Consumer Reports survey, which of the following is accurate? a. Individual psychotherapy works best for every type of disorder. b. The longer a person stays in therapy, the greater the improvement. c. Overall psychotherapy without drugs is not as effective as psychotherapy with drugs. d. Group therapy is more effective than individual therapy in treating a wide range of disorders.

answer

The longer a person stays in therapy, the greater the improvement

question

A famous psychologist argues that there are three factors that influence personality: environment, person, and behavior. This psychologist is most likely a ______ psychologist. a. psychodynamic b. social cognitive c. psychoanalytic d. trait

answer

social cognitive

question

For those people in the Middle Ages who believed abnormal behavior resulted from spirit possession, the treatment of choice was ______. a. herbal cures b. "magic" potions c. exorcism d. trepanning

answer

exorcism

question

Therapies directed at changing the disordered behavior are referred to as __________. a. action therapies b. insight therapies c. biomedical therapies d. relationship therapies

answer

action therapies

question

Which defense mechanism figured prominently in the theory of Alfred Adler? a. repression b. compensation c. depression d. rationalization

answer

compensation

question

__________ is a form of therapy in which clients are directed to move their eyes rapidly back and forth while thinking of a disturbing memory. a. Eye-movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) b. Systematic desensitization c. Eye-memory therapy d. Eye therapy

answer

eye-moement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR)

question

Which of the following is one of the cognitive distortions proposed by Aaron Beck? a. selective thinking b. low frustration tolerance c. hostility and rage d. self-downing

answer

selective thinking

question

Which of the following is a projective test? a. MMPI-2 b. 16PF c. NEO-PI-R d. Rorschach

answer

rorschach

question

What is the best way to describe the positive symptoms of schizophrenia? a. clearly identifiable symptoms b. a decrease in normal functioning c. an excess or distortion of normal functions d. symptoms that psychologists are certain are occurring

answer

an excess or distortion of normal functions

question

The _____________ theory of personality has its basis in the theories of learning, and focuses on the effects of environment on one's personal characteristics and actions. a. psychodynamic b. humanistic c. trait d. behaviorist

answer

behaviorist

question

Fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or impossible if something should go wrong is called ______. a. agoraphobia b. a social phobia c. a specific phobia d. trypanophobia

answer

agoraphobia

question

What did Sigmund Freud believe could happen if our needs were delayed at a particular psychosexual stage? a. We could become fixated at that stage. b. We would revert to our biological predispositions. c. We would be more capable of overcoming the obstacle in adulthood. d. We could become overly dependent on the superego for future guidance.

answer

We could become fixated at that stage.

question

A type of therapy in which clients meet regularly in a group setting and discuss problems under the guidance of a single therapist is called ______ therapy. a. social b. informal c. group d. Gestalt

answer

group

question

Steve's psychiatrist notes that Steve is experiencing a disruption of the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, and identity. Therefore, Steve most likely has a(n) ________ disorder. a. schizophrenic b. adjustment c. dissociative d. impulse-control

answer

dissociative

question

Marty is moody, manipulative, unstable, lacks a clear sense of identity, and often clings to others. He wants to have close relationships but is unable to do so because he is untrusting of others. Marty is suffering from ______ personality disorder. a. antisocial b. avoidant c. dependent d. borderline

answer

borderline

question

Ancient Greeks believed imbalances in ________ caused abnormality, while people living during the Middle Ages believed it was caused by ________. However, many contemporary psychologists try to understand psychological disorders in terms of the ________ model. a. evil; water; biopsychosocial b. behavior; evil; ecological c. bile; exposure; psychodynamic d. bodily fluids; the devil; biopsychosocial

answer

bodily fluids; the devil; biopsychosocial

question

Person-centered therapy is a type of ______ therapy. a. insight b. behavior c. cognitive d. reality

answer

insight

question

Levi's therapist is using interpersonal therapy. What would be the goal of Levi's therapy sessions? a. to help Levi understand how his moods and behaviors are impacted by his relationships b. to uncover Levi's unconscious anxiety and motives c. to assist Levi in the process of self-actualization d. to address the bad thoughts that Levi is experiencing and replace them with good thoughts

answer

to help Levi understand how his moods and behaviors are impacted by his relationships

question

Which theory of personality was a direct reaction against the psychoanalytic and behaviorist perspectives? a. humanistic perspective b. trait perspective c. projective perspective d. inventory perspective

answer

humanistic perspective

question

The tendency of those studying psychopathology to start seeing themselves as suffering from the illnesses being discussed is known as _____________. a. accurate self-assessment b. unnecessary worrying c. psychopathological transference d. psychology student's syndrome

answer

psychology student's syndrome

question

Which model of abnormality views abnormal behavior as the result of illogical thinking? a. psychoanalytic b. cognitive c. behavioral d. biological

answer

cognitive

question

Which of the following is a symptom of acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder? a. persistent reliving of the event b. an obsessive need to be close to anything associated with the trauma c. decreased arousal d. symptoms of a manic episode

answer

persistent reliving of the event

question

An advantage of group therapy is that it ___________. a. can provide help to individuals who may be unable to afford individual psychotherapy b. can be helpful to individuals who are uncomfortable in social situations c. can only be used alone and not in combination with any other form of therapy d. can be helpful to those who have difficulty speaking in public

answer

can provide help to individuals who may be unable to afford individual psychotherapy

question

The use of learning techniques to modify or change undesirable behavior and increase desirable behaviors is called _______. a. behavior modification b. empty chair technique c. reflection d. selective thinking

answer

behavior modification

question

Every time Jarrad opens his cigarette case or uses his lighter, he gets a painful electric shock. Jarrad's friends and family have been asked not to give him any cigarettes or light any cigarettes for him, so he must use his own lighter if he wants to smoke. Eventually, Jarrad loses his desire to smoke, thanks to ______. a. negative transference b. behavioral contracting c. systematic desensitization d. aversion conditioning

answer

aversion conditioning

question

Research on _____________ supports the hypothesis that personality differences are due in part to genetic differences. a. the heritability of traits b. peak experiences c. the use of defense mechanisms d. unconditional positive regard

answer

the heritability of traits

question

________ has been used successfully in helping children who have a fear of going to the dentist, social withdrawal, obsessive-compulsive behaviors, and phobias. a. Modeling b. Transference c. Voyeurism d. Empathy

answer

modeling

question

Carl Rogers believed that people question themselves and experience negative effects on their self-concept when they receive ______. a. conditional esteem b. unconditional esteem c. conditional positive regard d. unconditional positive regard

answer

conditionals positive regard

question

Severe depression that comes on suddenly or seems to have no external cause is called ______. a. dysthymia b. bipolar disorder c. hypomania d. major depressive disorder

answer

major depressive disorder

question

Your teacher organizes a debate on Freudian theory. You are assigned to be on the anti-Freud side and, therefore, must point out problems in the theory. Which of the following would be a reasonable argument for you to make? a. Parents have little influence on their children's motives. b. His interpretations of what his patients told him were ambiguous. c. Defense mechanisms actually increase anxiety. d. Psychoanalytic therapy is effective for treating psychotics only.

answer

His interpretations of what his patients told him were ambiguous.

question

Dinah, a therapist, works with her clients to help them change their problematic behaviors and irrational thoughts and provide new, more adaptive behaviors and beliefs to replace old, maladaptive ones. Dinah uses what type of therapy? a. behavior therapy b. cognitive-behavior therapy c. psychoanalysis d. person-centered therapy

answer

cognitive-behavior therapy

question

From what Latin phrase is the term superego derived? a. "without morals" b. "above the rules" c. "beyond me" d. "over the self"

answer

"over the self"

question

Expressing empathy, developing the discrepancies between a client's present behaviors and values, rolling with resistance, and supporting a client's self-efficacy are the four pillars of __________. a. motivational interviewing b. rational emotive therapy c. person-centered therapy d. contingency contracting

answer

motivational interviewing

question

According to Freud, rationality, logical thinking, and reasoning are controlled by the ______. a. pleasure principle b. ego c. superego d. animus

answer

ego

question

Darcy is sitting at her desk in her office one day when, without warning, her heart begins racing rapidly, she has a sensation of being "out of her body," and she experiences dulled vision and hearing, rapid breathing, and sweating. She thinks she is having a heart attack. Nothing she is doing seems to have caused such an episode. Her symptoms MOST resemble ______. a. a phobic disorder b. a panic attack c. post-traumatic stress d. an affective disorder

answer

a panic attack

question

The drug ______ is used to treat depression. a. Valium b. Prozac c. Ritalin d. lithium

answer

prozac

question

______ are specifically trained to use biomedical therapies. a. Family therapists b. Psychiatrists c. Counselors d. Social workers

answer

psychiatrists

question

The biological model views psychological disorders as resulting from _____________. a. distorted thought patterns b. repressed memories c. underlying behavioral issues d. physiological causes

answer

physiological causes

question

"If it feels good, do it" best describes the ______________. a. id b. ego c. superego d. preconscious

answer

id

question

Archaeologists have found skulls from as long ago as 3000 B.C. that bear evidence of an ancient surgical technique, in which holes were cut into the skulls of live individuals in an attempt to release demons from the possessed victim. This process is called __________. a. trephining b. drilling c. humoring d. exorcism

answer

trephining

question

Which model of abnormality holds that physical, mental, and cultural factors are intertwined and that they must all be considered when dealing with psychology disorders? a. the eclectic model b. the biopsychosocial model c. the psychophysiological model d. the Gestalt model

answer

the biopsychosocial model

question

A goal of family therapy is to ______. a. change the needs of individual family members b. improve family communication and interaction c. identify and treat the person in the family who is the source of the majority of the family's problems d. teach family members to remain neutral on sensitive issues

answer

improve family communication and interaction

question

According to Jung, the memories and behavior patterns inherited from past generations are part of the ______. a. persona b. personal unconscious c. alter-ego d. collective unconscious

answer

collective unconscious

question

Fear of public speaking and stage fright are both examples of ______ phobias. a. specific b. social c. complex d. interactive

answer

social

question

Azdah's teenage son fails his mathematics exam due to lack of studying. She immediately assumes that it is her fault. Azdah is engaging in ___________. a. arbitrary inference b. selective thinking c. personalization d. minimization

answer

personalization

question

Jessie becomes furious when her favorite hockey player is intentionally hurt by an opponent. According to Freud's model of the mind, her id would unconsciously say: a. "Thou shalt not kill!" b. "I'm going to tear this program in half!" c. "What, me angry? I never get angry!" d. "I'm so angry I could kill that player!"

answer

"I'm so angry I could kill that player!"

question

One of the main differences between the psychoanalytic view and the social cognitive view is that ________________. a. the social cognitive view allows for testing, whereas the psychoanalytic view does not b. the mind is more important to the psychoanalyst than the cognitivist c. the psychoanalytic view requires feedback from clients and the social cognitive view does not d. the social cognitive view is more abstract than the psychoanalytic view

answer

the social cognitive view allows for testing, whereas the psychoanalytic view does not

question

"Oh my gosh," Sara exclaims as she leaves her biology exam. "I just KNOW that I got number 48 wrong! I just know that I'm going to fail this class." According to a cognitive psychologist, Sara is engaging in which of the following distorted thought processes? a. all-or-nothing thinking b. magnification c. overgeneralization d. minimization

answer

all-or-nothing thinking

question

As part of a fraternity initiation ritual, Saul is instructed to interrupt a school basketball game by running on the court naked while singing the nursery rhyme "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star." If Sam complies with this ritual, his behavior would best illustrate ________. a. psychosis b. distress c. disability d. social norm deviance

answer

social norm deviance

question

A disorder resulting from exposure to a major stressor, with symptoms of anxiety, nightmares, poor sleep, reliving the event, and concentration problems, lasting for more than one month, is called _________. a. acute stress disorder b. external locus of control c. catastrophic stress d. post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

answer

post-traumatic stess disorder

question

Therapies aimed mainly at understanding one's motives and actions are referred to as _________________. a. action therapies b. insight therapies c. biomedical therapies d. relationship therapies

answer

insight therapies

question

Dr. Shedrika uses a form of therapy that emphasizes revealing his clients' unconscious conflicts, urges, and desires, which he believes are the cause of his clients' disordered emotions and behavior. This therapist is most likely using ________. a. behavior therapy b. psychoanalysis c. Gestalt therapy d. systematic desensitization

answer

psychoanalyst

question

In the metaphor of the angel, the devil, and me, the angel is the ____________. a. id b. ego c. superego d. unconscious

answer

superego

question

____________ therapies have had considerable success in treating bedwetting, overeating, drug addictions, and phobic reactions. a. Behavior b. Psychoanalytic c. Biomedical d. Humanistic

answer

behavior

question

Which of the following statements correctly describes the rate of PTSD among combat-exposed military personnel since 2001? a. PTSD has remained stable since 2001, since there have been no new combat experiences for soldiers since 2001. b. Since PTSD is more fully understood, PTSD has declined in soldiers due to better medications. c. The rate of PTSD has tripled since 2001. d. PTSD has increased in combat-exposed women but not in combat-exposed men since 2001.

answer

the rate of PTSD has tripled since 2001

question

Freud's refusal to believe his patients who said they were sexually molested as children is an example of _________. a. the horn effect b. unconscious motives c. interviewer bias d. the halo effect

answer

interviewer bias

question

Of the five known human sensory systems, which type of hallucination is the most common? a. visual b. tactile c. gustatory d. auditory

answer

auditory

question

What are the Big Five personality traits? a. conscientiousness, openness, agreeableness, extraversion, dominance b. openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism c. sensation seeking, conscientiousness, openness, agreeableness, dominance d. neuroticism, psychoticism, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness

answer

openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism

question

Gary takes antipsychotic drugs to control the symptoms of schizophrenia. After taking the drug for some time, he begins exhibiting repetitive, involuntary jerks and movements of his face, lips, and legs. Gary is showing signs of _________. a. savant syndrome b. tardive dyskinesia c. a clozapine overdose d. neuroleptic malignant syndrome

answer

tardive dyskinesia

question

Kevin shows a pattern of instability in his relationships, self-image, and feelings. As such, he most likely has ________ personality disorder. a. antisocial b. borderline c. dependent d. avoidant

answer

borderline

question

You are a psychologist who is evaluating the behavior of a new client. The client tells you that he does not like to wear clothing and that he walks around nude most of the time. In addition, he tells you that he lives in a society in which clothing is required and nudity is seen as abnormal. Which of the following is NOT a criterion by which you evaluate your client's behavior as abnormal? a. statistical definition b. maladaptive c. subjective discomfort d. social norm deviance

answer

subjective discomfort

question

Which of these is an acronym that could help you remember the Big Five traits? a. START b. BEGIN c. DUNES d. OCEAN

answer

OCEAN

question

Dr. Graham listens to Maria's statements and then restates what he feels is Maria's message and describes her emotions. What type of therapy is Dr. Graham practicing? a. behavior b. cognitive c. psychoanalytic d. person-centered

answer

person-centered

question

What was the basis for Freud's development of his theory of the Oedipus conflict? a. He did not believe that the stories his female patients told about having been sexually abused by their fathers and other family members were real memories. b. He felt that we were biologically pre-wired to go through this conflict at certain ages, regardless of our surroundings or experiences. c. He felt that women, by definition, were born neurotic and the Oedipus conflict gave value to that belief. d. He observed that all women were unconsciously angry at their own children, and developed the theory of the Oedipus conflict as a result.

answer

He did not believe that the stories his female patients told about having been sexually abused by their fathers and other family members were real memories.

question

Delusions of ________ are false beliefs held by a person who is convinced that others are trying to hurt them in some way. a. persecution b. grandeur c. reference d. influence

answer

persecution

question

The ego operates according to the ______. a. guilt/pride principle b. reality principle c. pleasure principle d. reflex principle

answer

reality principle

question

In which disorder does a person seem to experience at least two or more distinct personalities existing in one body? a. schizophrenia b. panic disorder c. depersonalization d. dissociative identity disorder

answer

dissociative identity disorder

question

What is a major goal of the Gestalt therapist? a. to facilitate transference b. to eliminate the client's undesirable behaviors c. to provide unconditional positive regard d. to help clients become more aware of their own feelings

answer

to help the clients become more aware of their own feelings

question

John has made a career of stealing older people's retirement money by taking advantage of their trust and selling them phony retirement investments. John explains that he has done nothing wrong—if these people were not so greedy, they would not be so eager to invest in his phony schemes. In his mind, his victims got exactly what they deserved. John's behavior and attitude are typical of someone with ______ personality disorder. a. schizoid b. schizotypal c. passive-aggressive d. antisocial

answer

antisocial

question

The ______ controls the satisfaction of the id's drives in a socially acceptable manner. a. personal unconscious b. ego c. superego d. persona

answer

ego

question

Which of the following individuals would be considered a good candidate for psychoanalysis? a. Mary, who is extremely withdrawn b. Kaleem, who suffers from a severe psychotic disorder c. Pasha, who is unable to verbally express her thoughts and feelings d. Lou, who suffers from anxiety

answer

Kaleem, who suffers from a severe psychotic disorder

question

Beck's cognitive therapy is particularly effective in the treatment of ______. a. anxiety disorders b. somatoform disorders c. schizophrenia d. depression

answer

depression

question

The most important aspect of successful psychotherapy is the __________ between client and therapist. a. therapeutic alliance b. transference c. mindfulness d. authenticity

answer

therapeutic alliance

question

____________ therapies have had considerable success in treating many types of disorders, including depression, stress disorders, anxiety disorders, and even some of the behavioral symptoms of schizophrenia. a. Humanistic b. Psychoanalytic c. Biomedical d. Cognitive and cognitive-behavioral

answer

cognitive and cognitive-behavioral

question

For Freud, thoughts and feelings that are well below the surface of awareness and cannot normally be recalled are in the ______ mind. a. unconscious b. preconscious c. collective unconscious d. conscious

answer

unconscious

question

The social or environmental setting of a person's behavior is referred to as _________. a. the situational context b. the historical context c. the cohort effect d. societal norms

answer

the situational content

question

Mei is Chinese American. She is very loyal to her family. Her sister lives with her, and she mails money back to China to her father and younger brother. Mei's way of life is typical of someone who comes from a culture that is _________. a. collectivistic b. low in power distance c. feminine d. low in uncertainty avoidance

answer

collectivistic

question

What did Raymond Cattell call the underlying traits that direct surface traits? a. source traits b. secondary traits c. background traits d. subordinate traits

answer

source traits

question

Which neo-Freudian viewed personality disturbances as resulting from the feelings of inferiority that all people share? a. Carl Jung b. Alfred Adler c. Carl Rogers d. Karen Horney

answer

Alfred Adler

question

Which of the following is an advantage of self-help groups? a. They provide access to needed medications. b. They are free. c. They are facilitated by an experienced therapist who is familiar with the group members' problems. d. They are facilitated by a person who is not familiar with the members' problems.

answer

They are facilitated by an experienced therapist who is familiar with the group members' problems.

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