clicker questions – Flashcards
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necessary to psychology experiments are an independent variable, dependent variable and a
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comparison condition
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experiments is the main reason that researchers do experiments?
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to make casual claims
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a threat to internal validity occurs only if a potential confound varies __ with the independent variable
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systematically
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an independent groups design is also know as a
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between subjects design
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which of the following research designs is used to address possible selection effects?
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matched groups design
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__ controls for order effects in within groups designs
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counterbalancing
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experimentes use random assigment to avoid which of the following?
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selection effects
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Dr. Alfonse conducts a study to determine whether children prefer books with drawn illustrations or with photographs. A group of first graders are given two copies of a book. The story is the same in both books, one book is illustrated with drawings and the other is illustrated with photos. Participants are then asked to indicate which book they prefer. This is an example of which of the following designs?
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concurrent measures design
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Which of the following is a threat to internal validity found in within-groups designs but NOT in independent-groups designs?
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Practice effects
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ch 11
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...
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when interrogating experiments on which of the big validities should a person focus?
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internal validity
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which of the following experimental design is vulnerable to many internal validity threats?
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one groups pretest/posttest design
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testing threat can be prevente or ruled by
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abandoning the pretest
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which of the following is true of testin effects?
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it is an example of an order effect it can lead to increased/higher scores it can lead to decreased/lower scores it can sensitize people to being tested
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which of the following study types can result in a null effect
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pretest/posttest design correlational designs within groups designs posttest only design
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unsystematic variability in a study is also known as
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error variance and noise
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12
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...
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the main effect is
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the overall effect of one
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an interaction can occur in an experiment with
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two independnt variable
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factorial designs can sometimes treat participant variables as
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independent variables
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the mathematical way to describe an interaction is
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a difference in differences
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Dr. Rhodes notices an interaction in his factorial study. In describing this, which statement might he use to explain the link between IV A and IV B in predicting the DV?
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the effect of variable A depends on Variable B
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in the case of a factorial design, another term for independent variable is
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moderator
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the number of main effects that need to be examined is ___ the number of IVs
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equal to
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A factorial design with two independent variables, one with two levels and the other with three levels would be represented in a factorial design as:
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2x3
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to identify whether you have a main effect by looking at a table of means you would
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average the numbers in the table look at the marginal means
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to identidy whether you have an interaction by looking at a table of means you would
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look at the difference in either row or column differences
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if you are trying to determine whether or not you have a main effect, the easiest way is probably to:
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compare the marginal means in the table
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if you are trying to determine whether or not you have an interaction the easiest way is probably to
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look at the line graph. if lines are not parallel then you have an interaction
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which of the following phrases is a factorial design clue often found in a journal article?
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it depends
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an author might use all of the following methods to indicate statistical significance except
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use the word significant including an asterisk in a table using the notation p <.05
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which of the following phrases might a person encounter in a popular press article that indicates an interaction?
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mediatior variables
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Dr. Gavin is conducting a 2x4 independent groups factorial design. How many IVs are in his study?
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2
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Dr gaving is conducting a 2x4 independent groups factorial design. Assuming he wants 25 people in each cell, how many participants does Dr. Gavin need to recruit?
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200
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Dr. Gavin decides that instead of conducting a 2 x 4 independent-groups factorial design, he is going to conduct a 2 x 4 within-subjects factorial design. Which of the following things will change?
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the number of participants needed
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Dr. Gavin decides that instead of conducting a 2 x 4 independent-groups factorial design, he is going to conduct a 2 x 3 x 4 mixed factorial design. Which of the following things will change?
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the number of main effects that need to be examined the number of interactions the number of participants the number of cells
