CJ110 Exam 3 study guide – Flashcards
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What are the three cornerstones of traditional police work?
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1. random routine patrol 2. rapid response to citizens' calls to 911 3. retroactive investigation of past crimes by detectives
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random routine patrol/preventive patrol
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officers driving around a designated geographic area; involves a police officer driving around within a community when he or she is not on an assignment from the radio dispatcher or a supervisor.
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rapid response to citizens' calls to 911
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officers being dispatched to calls immediately, regardless of the type of call
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retroactive investigation of past crimes by detectives
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the follow-up investigation of crimes by detectives that occurs after a crime has been reported
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foot patrol
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police officers walk a beat or assigned area rather than patrolling in a motor vehicle
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patrol is the essence of ______.
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policing
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What is known as the foundation of the police department?
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patrol
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what are the patrol functions three main goals?
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1. deference of crime 2. the maintenance of a feeling of public security 3. 24 hour availability for service to the public
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What are the primary services provided by the patrol functions?
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enforcing laws, deterring crime, maintaining order, keeping the peace, enforcing traffic laws and keeping traffic flowing, investigation accidents, conducting preliminary investigations, responding to calls for assistance, and assisting those who cannot help themselves
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What book did O.W Wilson write?
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Police Administration
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Wilson called patrol the _____.
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backbone of policing
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omnipresence
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the impressing of always being there
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Who stated that patrol is designed to create an impression of omnipresence?
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O.W. Wilson
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The aggressive saturation patrol operation in Washington, D.C., run by Chief Cathy Lanier is called:
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All Hands on Deck
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A thorough study conducted in Newark regarding foot patrols concluded that adding foot patrol:
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had no effect on crime
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Which of the following is a functional category of routine patrol as defined by Gay, Schell, and Schack?
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calls for service, preventative patrol, administrative tasks
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A successful example of a directed patrol program that achieved positive results was the ____________________ gun experiment.
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Kansas City
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____________________ patrol is a solution to the problem of directed patrol units often getting interrupted by calls for service, which can affect the performance of their assignments.
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Split-force
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In effect, the Kansas City study failed to demonstrate that adding or taking away police patrols from an area made any difference within the:
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community
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Data on what occurs when an officer encounters a citizen-- when the officer is either on an assignment from the dispatcher or on self-initiated activities--can best be retrieved from researcher observations.
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true
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The premise of smart policing is that agencies themselves are in the best position to know their specific crime problems. ?
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true
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Most departments utilize:
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fleet vehicles
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What agency is usually held up as a model for dealing with the mentally ill, due to its combined CIT and co-responder program?
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Houston Police Department
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evaluating the effectiveness of police work is very ______.
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difficult
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There are variables that police cannot control that might produce crime such as:
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social disorganization; anger; poverty; hostility; revenge; psychological, social, or biological problems; and the desire to commit crime as an alternative to the world of work.
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what type of patrol creates a sense of omnipresence and deters crime?
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random routine patrol
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Kansas city patrol study
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the first study conducted to test the effectiveness of random routine patrol; used fifteen patrol beats; researches concluded, "decreasing or increasing routine preventive patrol within the range tested in the experiment had no effect on crime, citizen fear of crime, community attitudes toward the police on the delivery of police service, police response time, or traffic accidents"; caused tremendous changes in our thinking about policing.
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at what time was police arrest more likely?
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one or two minutes
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when response time exceeded ____ or_____ minutes, the probability of an arrest dropped sharply
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three, four
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what commission recommended that urban area response time should not exceed 3 minutes for emergency calls and 20 minutes for nonemergency call
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the National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals.
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Toal response time consists of three basic components:
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1.The time between when the crime occurs and the moment the victim or a witness calls the police 2. The time required for the police to proceed the call 3. Travel time from the time the patrol car receives the dispatcher's call until it arrives at the scene.
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victims after a crime typically call who first? (3 answers)
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parents, insurance companies, or their doctors
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what is the average citizen delay in calling the police for serious crimes?
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between 5 and 10 minutes
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call for service
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responding to citizens' calls to 911 relative to emergencies or other problems accounts for 25% of patrol time
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preventive patrol
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driving through a community in an attempt to provide omnipresence accounts for 40 percent of patrol time
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officer-imitated activities
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stopping motorists or pedestrians and questioning them bout their activities account for 15 percent of patrol time
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administrative tasks
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paperwork accounts for 20 percent of patrol time
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The authors of the seminal article "'Broken Windows': Police and Neighborhood Safety" were O. W. Wilson and Wesley K. Skogan.
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false
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Which of the following is not part of a community policing operation?
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motorcycle traffic control
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Researchers who traveled to St. Petersburg, Florida, to observe changes occurring in police roles and police-community relations after the implementation of community policing found that the citizens seemed satisfied with community policing.
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true
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Analyzing crime issues to determine the underlying problems and addressing those underlying problems is referred to as:
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problem-solving policing
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Problem-oriented policing involves officers dealing with the:
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underlying causes of incidents
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The authors of the seminal article "Broken Windows: Police and Neighborhood Safety" were James Q. Wilson and George Kelling.
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true
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What involves a continued reliance on traditional policing operations?
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strategic policing
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In what decade did increases in crime, technological advances, and changes in police management thinking lead to the reduction of police foot patrols and their resultant ties to the community?
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1960s
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Many large cities, faced with rising crime problems, are eager to hire administrators who are familiar with CompStat and "broken windows" policing, and who served under this successful police chief:
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William Bratton
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Surveys indicate that the public does not support community policing and those strategies that are indicative of community policing.
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false
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In the 1960s, changes in police management led to the abandonment of:
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foot patrol
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When officers reach the assessment process in the SARA model of problem-solving, officers:
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evaluate the effectiveness of the response
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Community-oriented policing is an approach toward crime that addresses the underlying causes of crime and endeavors to apply ____________________ problem solving to the issue through improved police-community relationships.
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long term
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Who founded the National Center for Community Policing in East Lansing, Michigan?
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Robert C. Trojanowicz
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What was the role of the New York City Police Department's Community Patrol Officer Program?
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identification of neighborhood problems and development of short- and long-term strategies for solving them
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Many states and larger cities have created state and local fusion centers to share information and intelligence within their jurisdictions as well as with the federal government.
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true
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The 1994 Crime Bill provided that all new police officers hired in the United States would be paid entirely by federal funding.
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false
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The four elements of the problem-solving strategy are: scanning, analysis, planning, and response.
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false: answer is scanning, analysis, response, and assessment
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The biggest recent threat to community policing and, consequently, the biggest criticism of community policing initiatives is:
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the inability to keep police departments fully staffed and to keep money flowing to these initatives
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The concept of problem-oriented policing can be attributed to Herman Goldstein.
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true
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The 41st Precinct in the Bronx earned the nickname "The Alamo."
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false: answer is Fort Apache
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the aggressive saturation patrol operation in Washington, D.C., run by Chief Cathy Lanier is called:
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all hands on deck
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A thorough study conducted in Newark regarding foot patrols concluded that adding foot patrol:
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had no effect on crime
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A successful example of a directed patrol program that achieved positive results was the ____________________ gun experiment.
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Kansas City
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____________________ patrol is a solution to the problem of directed patrol units often getting interrupted by calls for service, which can affect the performance of their assignments.
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Split force
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In effect, the Kansas City study failed to demonstrate that adding or taking away police patrols from an area made any difference within the:
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community
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Data on what occurs when an officer encounters a citizen-- when the officer is either on an assignment from the dispatcher or on self-initiated activities--can best be retrieved from researcher observations.
answer
true
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The premise of smart policing is that agencies themselves are in the best position to know their specific crime problems. ?
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true
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Most departments utilize:
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fleet vehicles
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What agency is usually held up as a model for dealing with the mentally ill, due to its combined CIT and co-responder program?
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Houston Police Department
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The Newark foot patrol study concluded that foot patrols do not make citizens feel safer.
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false: answer they did
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Random patrol is commonly believed by police administration to create a sense of:
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omnipresence
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Predictive policing involves linking data and clues to potential suspects or victims by identify at-risk groups, individuals, and locations.?
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true
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Rapid response to 911 calls works better in discovery crimes than in involvement crimes.
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false
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Who coined the term omnipresence?
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O.W. Wilson
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One of the authors of the classic text Police Administration was:
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O.W. Wilson
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During what decade did the foot patrol return to policing?
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1980s
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Officers who patrol specific locations at specific times to address a specific crime problem are called ____________________ patrol.
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directed
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According to the California Highway Patrol study, the most prevalent reason drivers fail to stop during a high-speed pursuit is:
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the driver is afraid of or dislikes the police or enjoys the excitement of a chase
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In the proactive group in the Kansas City study, the police presence was:
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doubled or tripled
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According to research, red-light cameras that target traffic violators seem to reduce the occurrence of traffic violations at that location
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true
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___________________ is/are the most expensive part of a police department's budget.
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personnel
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The most important and visible part of police work to the public is/are ____________________.
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patrol
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It is impossible to conduct a controlled experiment to study the effectiveness of certain types of police patrol.
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false: kansas city and other ones have done it newark
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The National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals recommended that ____________________ should be directed to conduct thorough preliminary investigations.
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patrol officers
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In recent years, there has been a decrease in the use of multiagency investigative task forces.
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false: it has incresed
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During the 1990s, the crime rates across the country:
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went down at an unprecedented rate
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Decoy operations are most effective for combating the crimes of robbery, purse snatching, and other larcenies from the person; burglaries; and thefts of and from automobiles.
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true
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The investigative process begins with:
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the patrol officer
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Undercover investigations are rarely used by federal law enforcement agencies.
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false
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Decoy operations are most effective in detecting and arresting all of the following except:
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a. robbers b. purse snatchers c. persons committing larcenies from autos d. murders answer is d
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The single most important determinant of whether or not a crime is solved is the quality of work performed by the detectives.
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false: its from the patrol officer
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Cybercrimes trends change regularly and quickly, which can make them difficult for law enforcement to keep up with.
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true
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Programs concentrating investigative resources on career criminals are called:
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repeat offender programs
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Nationally, police are only able to clear ____________________ percent of all property crimes reported to them.
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between 15 and 25 percent
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The National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals recommended that detectives should be assigned only to preliminary investigations of:
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very serious or complex preliminary investigations
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Detectives in a decentralized squad are considered ____________________.
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generalists
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One of the ways detectives use to solve cold cases is DNA analysis.?
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True
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An investigative unit that reexamines old cases that have remained unsolved is called a:
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cold-case squad
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Dressing as and playing the role of a potential crime victim is known as:
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a decoy operation
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The MCI program involves all of the following except:
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a. case solving b. solvability factos c. case enhancement d. enchanted patrol techniques answer d.
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Which of the following is a solvability factor in the MCI program?
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a. is there a witness? b.. is there a suspect named or known? c. will the complainant cooperate? d. all of these choices answer: d
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Nationally, police are able to clear only____________________ percent of all violent crimes reported to them.
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between 40 and 50 percent
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Marvin Wolfgang discovered that most predatory street crime in the United States is committed by:
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only a few criminals
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In smaller departments, detectives tend to be generalists.
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true
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The idea that detective work is glamorous, exciting, and dangerous, as it is depicted in the movies and on television, is called the:
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detective mystique
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What system has greatly improved the surveillance of offenders?
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global positioning system (GPS)
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The use of analytical methods to obtain pertinent information on crime patterns and trends that can then be disseminated to officers on the street is called ____________________.
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crime analysis
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Most police officers feel that the public:
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does not support the police
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What is the largest minority group in the United States?
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hispanics
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Triad programs are focused on senior citizens.
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true
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The Police Explorer program is part of the _____ organization.
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Boy Scouts of America
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National Night Out is in effect:
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once a year
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Today, police departments have created numerous special programs to assist with the challenges faced by the aging population. One such program is:
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Triad
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The program in which the police engrave identifying numbers onto property such as bicycles, televisions, and stereos is called:
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operation identification
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The police-community relations movement (PCR) developed out of the:
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riots and civil disorders of the 1960s
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Given the difficult job the police have, it is easier for them to perform their duties if they have the support of the public.
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true
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Social media played a significant part in the Boston Marathon bombings? investigation.
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true
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The President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice reported in 1967 that police relations with minority groups had:
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sunk to explosively low levels
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McGruff, the crime dog, and the "Take a Bite Out of Crime" program is an example of:
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a police mass media campaign
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One of the best-known citizen patrol groups, whose members wear distinctive red berets and T-shirts, is called the:
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Guardian Angles
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Another name for Neighborhood Watch programs is:
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a. crime watch b. block watch c. community alert d. all of these answer d
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None of the cities in the United States have made any special efforts to recruit members of the gay community for police jobs.
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false
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The DARE program has received mixed reviews, and some departments have cut their programs, especially in these tight budget years.
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true
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According to the author, the police-community relations (PCR) movement had a tremendous effect on the philosophy and culture of most police departments.
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false
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Studies involving DARE programs have established that they are totally effective in preventing young people from experimenting with drugs and alcohol.
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false
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Crime Stoppers is a program in which police:
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ask television and radio stations to publicize a "crime of the week" so citizens can call tips into a special police phone number
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Public opinion polls have revealed that most citizens have a very poor image of the police
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false
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Crime Stoppers originated in:
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Albuquerque, New Mexico
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One of the community crime prevention programs includes Crime Stoppers
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true
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patrol officers spend less than ____ to ____ percent of their time on crime-related calls
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20 to 30
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when was motorized patrol introduced
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1930-1940s
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what type of police patrol is more effective
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motorized patrols
