question

Concerning shift assignment of patrol officers, a PERF report concluded that

answer

frequent change of shifts is deleterious to the physical and psychological health of an officer

question

Which of the following is generally considered the least desirable assignment?

answer

patrol division

question

The inefficiency of foot patrol coverage is offset by anticipated gains in what area?

answer

police-community relations

question

What is the "phantom effect" or "residual deterrence" as named by criminologists?

answer

Most people believe the police are present even when there is no patrol in the area

question

Concerning the issue of one- versus two-officer patrol cars, the Police Foundation found that

answer

one-officer cars were assaulted less often and encountered fewer resisting-arrest situations

question

The type of program which officers are instructed to look for specific persons or types of crimes. Or to patrol certain areas intensively is called

answer

directed patrol

question

Only 20 to 30 percent of all calls involve criminal law enforcement. Most calls are actually

answer

service calls

question

The amount of individual police work done by patrol officers on a daily basis is termed

answer

officer initiated activity

question

What area is considered the "nerve center" of the modern police department?

answer

the communications center

question

The total response time between the commission of a crime and the moment a police officer arrives includes four separate parts. Which of the following is not one of the four parts?

answer

detainment time

question

Which of the following was one of the first attempts to decrease officers' arrest discretion?

answer

mandatory arrest policies

question

In most U.S. cities, what percentage of arrestees are current drug users?

answer

60-70 percent

question

Why do vice crimes present special enforcement problems?

answer

They are victimless crimes

question

Which of the following is the strategy most often taken by the police in managing juvenile crime?

answer

law enforcement

question

What is the estimated yearly gross revenue from prostitution in the United States?

answer

$7-$9 billion

question

Which of the following best characterizes the typical police response to homeless people?

answer

A strategy that places primary emphasis on addressing complainant concerns rather than proactively working on behalf of the homeless

question

A dispute involving two or more people engaged in an intimate relationship is commonly known as a

answer

domestic disturbance

question

Which of the following is perhaps the most common type of order maintenance activity carried out by the police?

answer

traffic enforcement

question

The study that sought to determine the deterrent effect of arrest, mediation, and separation in misdemeanor domestic violence was called

answer

Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment

question

What percentage of all wives have experienced some sort of domestic violence, according to Straus and Gelles?

answer

13 percent

question

The one major failure of the CAPS program was the

answer

inability to include certain segments of the community

question

The defining feature of problem solving in community policing is:

answer

requiring participants to identify underlying causes of problems

question

Many advocates of community policing argue that the implementation of community policing will require

answer

a "new breed" of police officer trained in problem solving and community interaction

question

At the end of the CAPS program, citizens reported that there were no significant changes in the quality of life in the area.

answer

False

question

The Broken Window Theory is a sign that no one

answer

Cares about the appearance of the property

question

Which of the following is not one of the three most commonly discussed targets of community policing reform?

answer

neighborhood deterioration

question

Problem-oriented policing is implemented in a four-stage process. Which of the following is not one of the four stages?

answer

service

question

Concerning Neighborhood Watch programs, studies find they are typically more active and have a closer working relationship with police in the areas of

answer

affluent suburban areas with little crime

question

The defining feature of problem solving is that it requires the participants to identify the underlying causes of problems rather than simply respond to the problem itself.

answer

true

question

Ideally, community policing seeks to change the basic ways in which most

answer

police functions and priorities

question

Historically, the police have denied that they exercise discretion claiming instead they fully enforce all laws. This is known as the

answer

myth of full enforcement

question

What is the principal strategy for ensuring compliance with departmental policy?

answer

requiring officers to file written reports that will be reviewed by supervisors

question

What standard for the use of deadly force clearly spells out when deadly force may be used and when it may not be used?

answer

the defense of life standard

question

Which of the following is not one of the three basic strategies for controlling police discretion?

answer

increased incident reporting and evaluation

question

What is an advantage that written rules offers to the police officer?

answer

They provide direction on how to handle critical incidents

question

Research has shown that police are more likely to make arrests in

answer

low-income neighborhoods

question

Regarding gender, research has shown that

answer

there is no significant differences between the behavior of female and male officers

question

Police officer actions need to be understood in relation to the

answer

citizen behavior

question

Good judgment, efficient use of resources, and sound public policy are examples of

answer

positive use of discretion

question

What is the problem with the process by which new policies are adopted into the SOP manual?

answer

New policies are adopted in response to a crisis

question

When you compare people to police and the larger society, people who are the victims of discrimination or who feel powerless or alienated from society

answer

are likely to have more negative attitudes toward the police

question

A crime control strategy of both identifying and apprehending offenders is known as

answer

field interrogations

question

Police departments have generally adopted a scale indicating the levels of force used for particular situations. The scale is called the

answer

use of force continuum

question

The ability to understand and respond appropriately to differences in languages, traditions, lifestyles, and patterns of communications of different racial or ethnic is called

answer

cultural competence

question

The data from one Bureau of Justice Statistics survey

answer

demonstrates that people of different races who live in the same area similarly perceive the same activities and reputations of their police departments

question

The most serious examples of racial profiling involve traffic stops. The pattern of these stops appears directly related to drug enforcement. This evidence lends support to the context approach to police-citizen interactions, which holds that interactions are different depending on

answer

location, police unit, enforcement activity, and context

question

Most complaints about police harassment come from

answer

young males

question

Differential treatment based on some extralegal category such as race, ethnicity, or gender is known as

answer

discrimination

question

Relative to their numbers in the population

answer

African Americans are arrested more than whites

question

The most important misperception of public attitudes experienced by police officers results from

answer

selective contact

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