Civics- Semester Exam Study Guide – Flashcards
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Four functions of government
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keep order and provide security, provide services, guide the community, create a budget
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Three levels of government
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Federal, state, local
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Representative democracy
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citizens choose a smaller group of people to represent them
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Direct democracy
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all citizens would meet and vote firsthand
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Standard of living
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the material well-being of an individual, group, or nation measured by how well their necessities and luxuries are satisfied
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Naturalization
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A legal process to obtain citizenship
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Dictatorship
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One leader has absolute control over citizens' lives
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Oligarchy
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A small group of people has all the power
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Monarchy
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King or queen rules
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Theocracy
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A government that recognizes God or a divine being as the ultimate authority
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Anarchy
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Nobody is in control
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Autocracy
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A government in which one person has all the power
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Five ways of limiting government
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Constitution, Rights of the Minority, Rule of Law, Consent of the Governed, Separation of Power
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Civic duties
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things we must do
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Examples of civic duties
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obey laws, pay taxes, defend the nation, serve in court, attend school
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Civic Responsibilities
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things we should do
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Examples of Civic Responsibilities
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be informed, speak up and vote, respect others' rights, respect diversity, contribute to the common good
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Tolerance
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respecting and accepting others, regardless of their beliefs, practices, or differences
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Terrorism
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The use of violence by groups against civilians to achieve a political goal
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Articles of Confederation
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first form of government in the US, no executive branch, no national court system, each state only had one vote in Congress even though some states were bigger than others
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Constitution
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president, Supreme Court, strong central government
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Mayflower Compact
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1620; to create a government so that they would have order and protection
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Common Sense
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1776; to convince American colonists to support becoming independent from England
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English Bill of Rights
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1689; expand power of parliament and rights of people, limit rights of king
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Federalists
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supporters of the Constitution
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Anti-Federalists
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people who opposed the ratification of the Constitution
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Bill of Rights
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First 10 amendments of the Constitution
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Qualifications for President
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must be at least 35 and have lived in the US at least 14 years
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Qualifications for Senator
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must be at least 30 years old, live in the US for 9 years, and must live in the state he/she is representing
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Qualifications for Representative
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must be at least 25 years old, have lived in the US for 7 years, and live in the state they represent
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Three branches of government
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Executive, Legislative, Judicial
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Article I
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Legislative Branch
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Article II
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Executive Branch
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Article III
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Judicial Branch
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Governor of Alabama
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Robert Bentley; Executive officer for the state of Alabama
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Lieutenant Governor of Alabama
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Kay Ivey; oversees legislative branch
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Mayor of Fairhope
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Tim Kant; work closely with citizens to make the best decisions for the community of Fairhope
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Republican Party
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more conservative, Support local businesses, not being too involved in citizens' lives, military spending, Believe people shouldn't totally rely on government, against tax increases
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Democratic party
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More liberal, Support big businesses, healthcare for everyone, spending on government service, taxing the wealthy
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Felony
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a serious crime punishable of a year or more in jail
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Misdemeanor
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a minor offense
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Federal Court
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deals with disputes that apply to the entire United States
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State Court
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deals with disputes about state laws
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Civil case
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relating to the rights of citizens
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Criminal case
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relating to crime
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Judicial review
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the power of the Supreme Court to say whether any federal, state, or local law or government action is unconstitutional
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Trial Court
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first court to hear a case
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Appellate Court
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Court of Appeals and Supreme Court
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Supreme Court
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highest court
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Marbury v. Madison
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established the principle of judicial review which allows the Supreme Court to decide if laws passed by Congress are constitutional;1803
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Miranda v. Arizona
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must clearly be read your rights; 1966
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Brown v. Board of Education
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separate but equal is not legal; 1954
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Plessy v. Ferguson
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"separate but equal" is okay; 1896
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discrimination
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unfair treatment based on prejudice against a certain group
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civil disobedience
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a peaceful way to object to a law considered unjust
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sit-ins
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a method used by students to desegregate lunch counters in more than 200 cities
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Voting Rights Act of 1965
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signed by President Johnson in 1965 after the events of Bloody Sunday shocked the nation
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Little Rock Nine
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a group of teenagers who initially needed a military escort to attend classes
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Consumer
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someone who acquires goods and services for his or her own personal use
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Producer
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someone who makes goods or offers services to others
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Profit
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financial gain received by selling something for more than it cost to make it
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Supply
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the amount of something that is available
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Demand
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the number of people who want it
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Opportunity cost
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the benefit you give up by choosing to do one thing instead of another
