Civics & Economics NCFE Review (Civics) – Flashcards
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the agreement to combine two plans and create a bicameral legislative branch
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Great Compromise
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this side of the legislative branch has representative's based on a state's population
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House of Representatives
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What is the number of Senators from each state
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Two
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What is the word used to describe both the House of Representatives and the Senate
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Congress
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This is how the Constitutional Convention decided to handle slavery, made each slave worth 60% of the state's population
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3/5 Compromise
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These people wanted a strong central government and were in favor of the Constitution
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Federalists
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These people were against the Constitution unless a Bill of Rights were added and felt it gave too much power to the national government.
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Antifederalists
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This was a collection of writings about why states should ratify the Constitution
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Federalists Papers
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Head of the Executive Branch, Chief Executive and Commander in Chief
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President
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Number of Supreme Court Justices
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9
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How long a representative serves
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2 years
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How long a president serves
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4 years
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How long a senator serves
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6 years
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How old you have to be to be president
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35
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How old you have to be to be a member of the house of representatives
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25
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amendment that protects against cruel and unusual punishment
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8th
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amendment that grants power to the states if it is not in the US Constitution
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10th
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the article of the Constitution that addresses the legislative branch
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Article 1
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the article of the Constitution that addresses the executive branch
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Article 2
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the article of the Constitution that addresses the judicial branch
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Article 3
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the article of the Constitution that addresses the rights of states and how states can join the union
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Article 4
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the article of the Constitution that addresses how to amend the Constitution
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Article 5
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He is considered the father of the Constitution
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James Madison
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If the president rejects a bill, it is called a _______
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Veto
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No government, no control, total freedom where people do what they please.
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Anarchy
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A government where people vote for representatives who make decisions for them.
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Republic
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A government ruled by one person(king, queen, emperor, chief, etc)
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Monarchy
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This is a government ruled by religious leaders
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Theocracy
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government ruled by a specific political group ; total control of country
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Totalitarian
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government ruled by 1 PERSON
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Dictatorship
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A government where EVERYONE has a say in issues
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Democracy
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This is a government where a small group of elites make decisions
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Oligarchy
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who makes the decisions
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Authority
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Government where power is shared between the state and the national governments.
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Federalism
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The government which ran the country prior to the Constituiton.
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Articles of Confederation
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These are untruthful WRITTEN comments that harm a person's reputation
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Libel
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The process the government uses to elect the president besides the popular vote.
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Electoral college
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The first 10 amendments to our constitution.
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Bill of Rights
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Breaking the Government into Three Parts to limit the power of the government.
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Seperation of Powers
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Supreme Court case establishing Judicial Review
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Marbury v. Madison
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Supreme Court case advising a client of their 5th and 6th amendment rights.
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Miranda v Arizona
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This is one who has specific rights and obligations within a political unit such as a country or a state. They are entitled to certain civil rights.
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Citizen
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A document that serves as a framework for how our government is set up.
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Constitution
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An Englishman whose writings about government inspired Thomas Jefferson in writing the Declaration of Independence
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John Locke
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The Author of the Declaration of Independence
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Thomas Jefferson
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An order by a Judge.
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Warrant
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This type of citizen is a foreign national who is granted citizenship in the United States after fulfilling certain requirements.
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Naturalized
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Loyalty or devotion to some person, group, or cause,
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Allegiance
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Proposed the Virginia Plan of Union
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Edmund Randolph
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This branch of government makes the laws of our country
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Legislative
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This branch of government Looks at laws to see if they are fair
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Judicial
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This branch of government makes sure the laws are carried out.
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Executive
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I am French philosopher who believed that government should be broken into three separate branches of government.
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Montesquieu
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These are the powers that each of the branches have over one another.to keep one branch from getting too much power.
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Checks and Balances
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This was a document signed by the Pilgrims in Plymouth Harbor establishing rules for the new colony based upon the majority of the settlers.
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Mayflower Compact
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To be singled out for punishment. To be picked on for your beliefs, skin color, etc.
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Persecuted
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The legislative assembly of Britain was called what?
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Parliament
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In the Preamble to the U.S. Constitution, what is the meaning of the phrase "We the People"?
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Power belongs to the People
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What was the government that ran the country prior to the Constitution?
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Articles of Confederation
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This was a power the Judicial branch has that allows the courts to review laws as fair and just.
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Judicial Review
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There are two major political parties of this country. The Democrats and the:
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Republicans
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A list of citizens names demanding action be taken by the government of an issue.
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Petition
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What do an absolute monarchy and an autocracy have in common?
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One Ruler
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Which part of Congress approves all treaties and presidential appointees?
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Senate
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The process To remove an official from office for wrongdoing
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Impeach
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This is issued by the President and is directed at something within the Executive branch. It could be similar to President Truman's decision to ban segregation in the armed forces in 1948.
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Executive Order
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A king or Queen who rules over a country
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Monarch
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A part of the first amendment of the constitution that states that government will not establish religion. That there will be a separation of Church and State
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Establishment Clause
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A period of intellectual thought concerning science and political theories that came out of Europe during the 1600's and produce thinkers such as John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau
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Enlightenment
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A violent overthrow of a government
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Revolution
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The refusal to buy something as an act of protest
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Boycott
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This is where you are tried twice for the same crime
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Double Jeopardy
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A group of citizens who look at the evidence against an accused individual and would determine if there is enough evidence to issue an indictment, or a formal charge.
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Grand Jury
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To be formally charged for a crime by a grand jury.
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Indicted
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What a political party stands for or believes in.
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Platform
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Which article of the Constitution provided for the creation of one Supreme Court and what additional courts?
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3
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Which article of the Constitution provided for the formation of a legislative branch of government?
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1
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Which article of the Constitution provided for the establishment of a president and the executive branch?
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2
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These are shared powers between the state and the national government.
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Concurrent
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These powers are clearly stated in the Constitution as belonging to the Congress
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Expressed
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If a police officer wanted to search your home to find evidence of a crime, you would be able to say that the officer needed to get a search warrant because of the
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Fourth
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The 13th, 14h and 15th Amendments all, in some way will deal with what group?
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Former Slaves
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To stop or not allow.
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Abolition
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A political and economic system that was first started in the Soviet Union (Russia).
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Communism
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These are rights people possess relating to life, liberty, and property
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Natural
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Which element of the Constitution reflects the influence of the French philosopher Baron de Montesquieu?
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Separation of powers
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Where both sides give up something in order to both get what they want.
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Compromise
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The right to rule which in our government means, the people have the right to rule.
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Sovereignty
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This means that the government can only do what the people allow it to do.
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Limited
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The Constitutional Convention met in the building now called Independence Hall in the city of
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Philadelphia
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The establishment clause of the First Amendment has often been interpreted to mean what?
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Seperation between church and state
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To understand the meaning of.
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Interpret
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The decision in the trial of John Peter Zenger was a step forward for:
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Freedom of the Press
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This is a legal term that deals with you being forced to testify against yourself.
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Self -Incrimination
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This is a group of advisors to the President who, under checks and balances must be confirmed (approved) by the Senate
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Cabinet
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After being introduced on the floor, a bill moves to a
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Committee
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Reviews cases to see if the trial court made a mistake, a type of appellate court
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Court of Appeals
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Courts above the trial court
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Appellate Court
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The trial court in the Federal system
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District Court
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Courts that hear disputes about laws that apply to the entire country.
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Federal Courts
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Courts that hear disputes about the laws that apply to one state
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State Courts
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Objects or information used in court to prove what really happened
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Evidence
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Name the trial where a group of people listens to the evidence and decides the case
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Jury
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This trial is where only the judge hears the evidence and decides the case
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Bench
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The decision at the end of the case
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Verdict
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Asking a higher court to review a case
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Appeal
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When an appellate decides no mistake was made
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Affirm
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When an appellate court overturns a trial court's verdict
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Reverse
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When an appellate court sends a case back to the trial court
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Remand
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Any change in the U.S. Constitution
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Amendment
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A sum of money that you have to come up with to get out of jail
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Bail
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A law that punishes a person accused of a crime without a trial or a fair hearing.
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Bill of attainder
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A plan for spending money
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Budget
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The people represented by a member of congress
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Constituent
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A meeting of party members to conduct party business
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Caucus
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The banning of printed materials by the government
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Censor
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A type of court case involving a dispute over money or property
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Civil
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To discuss or argue an issue.
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Debate
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A court calendar showing all of the court cases
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Docket
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Following established legal procedures
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Due Process
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This clause of the constitution allows Congress to stretch it powers to carry out its expressed powers.
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Elastic
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A group of people selected by each state legislature to choose a president and vice president. after the popular vote is held.
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Electoral College
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Powers granted directly to the national government by the Constitution and another name for expressed powers
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Enumerated Powers
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The sharing of political powers between the states and the national government.
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Federal
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A type of crime more serious than a misdemeanor such as murder.
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Felony
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A delaying tactic used in the Senate to try and stall a bill before a vote so the sponsor will withdraw it.
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Filibuster
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This privilege allows members of Congress to send job related mail back home to constituents without paying postage.
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Franking
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An odd shaped district shaped that way to give more voting power of a particular group.
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Gerrymander
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This power of Congress is not stated directly in the Constitution,
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Implied
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To formally be charged by a grand jury
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Indict
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A court order to stop something
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Injunction
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A resolution passed by both houses of Congress
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Joint
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Supreme Court decision that stopped segregation in this country.
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Brown v Board of Education
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A number that is higher than 50%
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Majority
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This warning is given to inform them of their 5th and 6th amendment rights.
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Miranda
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A lesser crime which is less serious but can still result in jail time or a fine.
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Misdemeanor
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When there is only provider of a good or service.
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Monopoly
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The process of becoming a citizen of our country.
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Naturalization
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To cancel legally
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Nullify
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The legal explanation behind the decision of a court case
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Opinion
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This Supreme Court case established the power of Judicial Review
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Marbury v Madison
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An official forgiveness of a crime.
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Pardon
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A place where you can vote
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Polling Place
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The opening statement of the Constitution WE THE PEOPLE
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Preamble
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This type of vote for the president is from the people from the states and is not an electoral vote.
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Popular
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This is a term for millions of dollars of wasteful spending by Congress to get money back to their stats and districts through wasteful projects.
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Pork-barrel
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This court cast serves as an example for future cases.
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Precedent
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There is strong evidence that a person or property was involved in a crime,
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Probable Cause
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To approve
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Ratify
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A period of declining economic activity lasting more than 3 months.
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Recession
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A type of government where the people elect their representatives.
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Republic
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To cancel a law
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Repeal
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A person who has left their home because of war or economic problems.
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Refugee
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These are the powers which are given to the states under the 10th amendment.
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Reserved
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The law applies to everyone, even the president.
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Rule of Law
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The splitting up of the government into three parts.
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Separation of Powers
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Spoken untruths about me.
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Slander
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Giving evidence that could lead to my conviction
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Self-Incrimination
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When workers stop working to get certain demands from their employer.
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Strike
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A written order to appear in court
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Subpoena
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The right to vote
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Suffrage
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This clause states that federal laws are over state laws in case of a conflict.
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Supremacy
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The threat or use of violence in order to force a group of people to behave a certain way.
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Terrorism
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A tax on an imported good.
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Tariff
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A two house legislature
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Bicameral
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A Writ of Certiorari has to do with what group.
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Supreme Court
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A Latin word for "To bring the body" it means that you will be brought before the court to understand the charges made against you.
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Habeas Corpus
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This Supreme Court case showed that no person, even the president is above the law.
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United States v Nixon
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These officials represent the United States government in other nations
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Ambassador
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A nation's plan for dealing with other nations
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Foreign Policy
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A formal agreement between the governments of two or more countries.
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Treaty
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This system is based on your qualifications for your job.
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Merit
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Free from party ties or bias
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nonpartisan
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A law usually in a city or town.
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Ordinance
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The authority to hear cases for the first time.
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Original Jurisdiction
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A union strategy of having their workers walk outside with signs that express their grievances.
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Picketing
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President's power to kill a bill, if Congress is not in session, by not signing it in 10 days.
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Pocket Veto
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This type of tax was to be paid by the voter before voting and discriminated against the power.
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Poll
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A geographic area that contains a specific number of voters.
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precinct
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The government, which starts the legal proceedings against someone accused of committing a crime.
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Prosecution
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A completely unrelated amendment added to a bill
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Rider
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A legislative meeting called for a specific purpose.
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Special Session
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This compromise would determine that enslaved persons would count as three-fifths of other persons when determining representation.
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Three-Fifths
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A population count of the people and how representation is determined in the House of Representatives
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Census
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The judge who leads the Supreme Court
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Chief Justice
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This type of committee would be the one that would work out the differences in a bill that could not pass both houses of Congress.
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Conference
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There are the people a representative represents from where they were elected.
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Constituent
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This type of order would come from the president.
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Executive
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Having the authority over an area
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Jurisdiction
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This member of Congress leads the party that has the smaller number in the Senate
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Minority leader
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We select this person to for a job or responsibility in which they will be voted on.
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Nominate
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These groups hire lobbyists to try and influence members of the legislature
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Special Interest
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People hired by special interest groups to try and influence members of the legislature.
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Lobbyist
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This type of committee is a permanent legislative panels such as defense and agriculture
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Standing
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A writ of certiorari has to do with this group. A higher court wants to review the decision and proceedings in a lower court and determine whether there were any problems
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Supreme Court
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He will write a pamphlet called Common Sense that will urge his fellow colonists to separate from England.
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Thomas Paine
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A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine arguing for independence from Britain
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Common Sense
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This was a major problem of the Articles of Confederation government.
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Weak
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Under popular sovereignty, they have the power.
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People
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A political party founded by Alexander Hamilton that believed in a strong central government.
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Federalist
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One of the obligations that you have as a citizen to support the running of government.
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Taxes
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Newspapers, television, and radio are called this.
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Press
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Another name for an "arm"
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Gun
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The amendment allowing 18 year olds the right to vote.
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26
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Separating people by race in schools, and public places
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Segregation
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This party usually supports tax increases for social programs and bigger government.
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Democrat
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This political party favors smaller government with less taxes.
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Republican
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Information used by governments to try and influence your thoughts and opinions.
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Propaganda
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An act by our government to cut off or restrict trade with another country as a from of punishment.
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Embargo
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It is a government run by one person like a dictator who has absolute power.
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Autocracy
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A system of government where the government controls most of the businesses.
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Socialism
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Study of how societies decide what to produce, how to produce it, and how to distribute what they produce
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Economics
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A group of states or provinces under a central government
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Confederation
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a principle of the federal government, according to the U.S. Constitution, that allows each branch of government to limit the power of the other branches
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consent of the governed
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laws passed by government to protect natural rights
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natural law
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the belief that individuals are born with basic rights that cannot be taken away by governments; life, liberty, and property
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natural rights
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an implied agreement among the people of an organized society that defines the rights, duties, and limitations of the governed and the government
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social contract
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a government document that expanded the powers of the English Parliament and expanded the rights of the people, as well as further limited the rights of the king; written by the members of the English Parliament in 1689
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English Bill of Rights
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a government that has been limited in power by a constitution, or written agreement
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limited government
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the idea that it is unfair to tax someone without giving them a voice in government
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taxation without representation
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money levied by a government for specific facilities or services
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tax
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to collect by legal authority
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levy
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goods sent to another country
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export
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the use of authority or power in a cruel or unjust manner
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oppression
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to end or get rid of something
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abolish
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a complaint
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grievance
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a government in which a single ruler possesses and abuses absolute power
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tyranny
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basic rights of the people that may not be taken away
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inalienable rights
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to agree
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assent
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something you owe, like money.
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debt
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an event when 2000 Massachusetts farmers rebelled against land foreclosures and debt from the Revolutionary War
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Shays' Rebellion
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referring to something at home, not foreign
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Domestic
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to establish something by law
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ordain
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future generations
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posterity
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peace
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tranquility
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something formed by combining parts, such as states into one country
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union
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goods brought into the country
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import
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any person not a citizen or national of a country
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alien
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people public officials are elected to represent
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constituents
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a law enacted at the state level
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statute
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the procedure to see if the U.S. Supreme Court will hear a case; a writ of certiorari is issues when a higher level court agrees to hear an appeal of an inferior court's decision
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writ of certiorari
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the work of keeping up relations between the governments of different countries
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diplomacy
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a person employed or skilled in diplomacy
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diplomat
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issues or concerns in one's own country
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domestic affairs
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the residence or office of an ambassador
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embassy
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the head of the U.S. Department of State; a member of the President's Cabinet
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Secretary of State
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A written code of rules that guided the ancient society of Babylon; dates back to 1772 B.C.
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Code of Hammurabi
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laws that have been developed to meet the needs of the military
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military law
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powers shared by the national, state, and/or local government
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concurrent powers
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powers not listed in the U.S. Constitution but are necessary for the federal government to function
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inherent powers
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powers that are not granted to the federal government that belong to (are reserved to) the states and the people
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reserved powers
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the final amendment in the Bill of Rights, it states: "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people."
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Tenth Amendment
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an organization founded in 1943 to keep the peace, develop friendly relationships among countries, and improve the quality of life for the world's poor people; consists of 193 member countries
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United Nations (UN)
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U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the Sixth Amendment right that all defendants must be appointed a lawyer if they cannot afford their own attorney
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Gideon v. Wainwright
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U.S. Supreme Court case that determined that the First Amendment does not protect all types of student speech in school
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Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
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judgment by a court
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judicial opinion
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U.S. Supreme Court case that determined that "separate but equal" segregation was not discrimination
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Plessy v. Ferguson
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to carry on a legal action against an accused person to prove his or her guilt
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prosecute
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U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld a student's First Amendment right to engage in symbolic speech in school
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TInker v. Des Moines
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a preference, opinion or attitude that favors one way of thinking or feeling over another
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bias
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an amendment to the Constitution that provides protections and rights to a person accused of a crime including the right to a speedy trial with an impartial jury
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Sixth Amendment
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the nation's military (Air Force, Army, Coast Guard, Marines, National Guard and Navy
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armed forces
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the power of Congress to make laws that they need to carry out their enumerated powers
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necessary and proper
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the head of a state government
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governor
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representatives from each of the 13 colonies who decided to meet and write a document stating their reasons for separation and independence from England
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Founding Fathers
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to confirm by expressing consent, approval, or formal sanction
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ratify
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to officially cancel or overturn
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rescind
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an amendment to the U.S. Constitution that outlawed slavery in the United States
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13th Amendment
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an amendment to the U.S. Constitution that defines citizenship, grants citizenship to former slaves and defines voters as males at least 21 year of age
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14th Amendment
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an amendment to the U.S. Constitution that makes it illegal for the federal or state governments to deny someone the right to vote based on their race
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15th Amendment
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an amendment to the U.S. Constitution that grants women the right to vote
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19th Amendment
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unfair treatment
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discrimination
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a federal law that prohibits employment discrimination based on race, sex, color, religion, or national origin
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Civil Rights Act of 1964
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referring to something at home, not foreign
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domestic
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make a fair and honest system for all
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establish justice
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create an even better government that will make life better for all
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form a more perfect union
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government will protect citizens from conflict in the country and make sure that states do not go to war with each other
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insure domestic tranquility
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government is focused on the public interest and that every state and individual can benefit from what the government can provide
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promote the general welfare
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protect the country from other countries or people that might try to harm us
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provide for the common defense
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secure liberty and freedom for current and future generations
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secure the blessings of liberty to our posterity
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an opinion based item generated by the editor or editorial board of a newspaper or other media.
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editorial
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an organization that seeks to gain political power by electing members to public office so that their political ideas can be reflected in public policies
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political party
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people who are concerned with some particular issue or part of the government and who try to influence legislators to act in their favor
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special interest group
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to take something away
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deprive
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a system of government where the ruler has unlimited power
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despotism
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to bring to an end
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dissolve
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A group of people in the early United States who opposed ratification of the U.S. Constitution because they feared a strong national government and a lack of protection for individual rights
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Anti-Federalists
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a series of essays written to explain and defend the proposed U.S. Constitution
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Federalist Papers
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A political party that believes that the federal government should take a more active role in people's lives, particularly those who are in need
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Democratic Party
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a document stating the aims and goals of a political party
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party platform
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a political party that believes that the federal government should play a small role in people's lives; they favor lower taxes and less government spending
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Republican Party
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a political party that is not one of the two major parties in the country; a minor party
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third party
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the powers specifically named and assigned to the federal government or prohibited to be exercised by the states under the U.S. Constitution, also known as delegated powers
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enumerate powers
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a form of government in which the power to govern lies directly in the hands of the people rather than through elected representatives
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direct democracy
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the refusal to obey certain laws as a form of political protest
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civil disobedience
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the right of the government to take private property for public use; the Fifth Amendment requires that fair compensation be made when property is taken under this
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eminent domain
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the right to hold meetings and form groups without interference by the government; guaranteed in the First Amendment
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freedom of assembly
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punishment prohibited by the Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution; includes torture or other forms of punishment too severe for the crime committed
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cruel and unusual punishment
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A system of justice according to established rules and principles; based on the principle in the Fifth Amendment that a person cannot be deprived of life, liberty, or property without appropriate legal procedures and protections
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due process of law
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a guarantee under the 14th Amendment that a state must treat a citizen or class of citizens the same as it treats other citizens or classes in like circumstances
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equal protection under the law
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the act of a person refusing to testify under oath in a court of law on the grounds that the answers could be used as evidence against him to convict him of a criminal offense
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pleading the fifth
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The idea in the Second Amendment that people have an individual right to own and carry weapons
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right to bear arms
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The right of a defendant to be assisted by an attorney, and if he cannot afford his own lawyer, the government must appoint one for him; established in the Sixth Amendment
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right to legal counsel
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whether or not something is legal under the U.S. Constitution
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constitutionality
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the freedom for citizens to engage in any nonviolent, legal means of encouraging or disapproving government action, directed to the judicial, executive or legislative branch; guaranteed in the First Amendment
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freedom to petition the government
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court official who keeps order in the court, calls witnesses, is in charge of and makes sure no one tries to influence the jury
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bailiff
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A court for a defined region of a state (usually including several counties) that has specific divisions and hears cases within those divisions (e.g., family court, criminal court
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circuit courts
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a place where justice is administered
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court
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the follow-up questioning of a witness by the side that did not call the witness to the stand
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cross-examination
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The person who answers the legal action of a plaintiff/prosecutor
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defendant
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The highest court in Florida
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Florida Supreme Court
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a member of a jury
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juror
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the person who brings legal action against another person
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plaintiff/prosecutor
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The courts where parties who are dissatisfied with the judgment of a U.S. District court may take their case
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U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals
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The courts where most federal cases begin, the U.S. District Courts are courts of original jurisdiction and hear civil and criminal cases
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U.S. District Courts
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a system by which men ages 18 through 25 register with the U.S. government for military service
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selective service
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a form of government based on a written set of laws that all citizens agree to; in this form of government, the constitution is the highest law of the land
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constitutional government
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To find not guilty of a fault or crime
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acquit
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