CIS-2 Chapter 1 – Flashcards
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_____ Refers to the combination of hardware, software, and services that people use to manage, communicate, and share information.
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Information Technology
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The International business machines company was founded in 1896 by Herman Hollerith, it is one of the most successful computer companies around. This company created the first primitive database with the punchcard machine.
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IBM
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_____ is a step-by-step process for developing high-quality information systems.
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System Analysis and Design
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An _____ combines information technology, people, and data to support business requirements. They handle daily business transactions, improve company productivity, and help managers make sound decisions.
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Information System
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_____ plan, develop, and maintain information systems.
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System Analysts
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_____ are information systems developed within a company.
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In-House applications
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_____ are information systems and software purchased from a vendor.
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Software Packages
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A _____ is a set of related components that produces specific results. They can do things like route internet traffic, manufacture microchips, and control complex entities like the Mars rover for example.
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System
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A _____ is a system that is vital to a company's operations. An example would be an order operating system.
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Mission-critical system
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_____ consists of basic facts that are the system's raw material.
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Data
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_____ is data that has been transformed into output that is valuable to users.
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Information
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The five components of an information system are: Hardware, software, people, processes, and data.
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Five Components of an information system
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_____ consists of everything in the physical layer of the information system. It can include servers, workstations, networks, telecommunications equipment, fiber optics, mobile devices, etc.
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Hardware
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_____ is the idea that the number of transistors on an integrated circuit doubles about every 24 months. The hardware also becomes less expensive.
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Moore's Law
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_____ refers to the programs that control the hardware and produce the desired information or results.
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Software
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_____ manages the hardware components, which can include a single workstation or a global network with many thousands of clients. Examples include the operating system, security software, device drivers, and utility programs.
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System Software
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_____ consists of programs that support day-to-day business functions and provide users with the information they require.
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Application software
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_____ are company-wide applications that include; order processing systems, payroll systems, and company communications networks.
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Enterprise Applications
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A ______ is a system, such as an inventory or payroll application, that can be adapted for use in many different types of companies.
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Horizontal System
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A _____ is designed to meet the unique requirements of a specific business or industry, such as a Web-based retailer, a medical practice, or a video chain.
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Vertical System
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A _____ is an older system that new ones often have to work with.
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Legacy system
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_____ describe the tasks and business functions that users, managers, and IT staff members perform to achieve specific results.
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Processes
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_____ are people who have an interest in an information system. They include the management group responsible for the system.
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Stakeholders
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____ people who are inside and outside the company who will interact with the system, and IT staff members, such as systems analysts, programmers, and network administrators who develop and support the system.
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Users/end users
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_____ is used to represent company operations and information needs. It requires a business profile and a series of models that document business processes.
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Business process modeling
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A _____ is a specific set of transactions, events, and results that can be described and documented.
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Business Process
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A _____ graphically displays one or more business processes, such as handling an airline reservation, filling a product order, or updating a customer account.
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Business process model (BPM)
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A _____ is an overview of a company's mission, functions, organization, products, services, customers, suppliers, competitors, constraints, and future direction.
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Business Profile
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_____ is a language used by analysts to document business processes. It uses various shapes and symbols to represent events, processes, and workflows, etc.
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Business process modeling notation (BPMN)
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_____ companies manucature computers, routers, or microchips.
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Product-oriented
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_____ companies include vendors, software developers, and service providers.
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service-oriented
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A _____ firm, is a firm whose primary business depends on the Internet rather than a traditional business channel.
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Internet-dependent
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A _____ company performs their business primarily from physical locations.
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Brick-and-mortar
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Internet based commerce is called _____.
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e-commerce
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_____ enabled computer to computer data transfer, usually over private telecomms lines. It was used to plan production, adjust inventory levels, or stock up on raw materials using data from another company's information system.
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electronic data interchange (EDI)
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_____ is a language that enabled company to company traffic to migrate to the Internet, which offered standard protocols, universal availability, and low communication costs. It is a flexible data description language that allows Web-based communication between different hardware and software environments.
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Extensible markup language (XML)
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_____ involves the management of information flows between and among stages in a supply chain to maximize total supply chain effectiveness and profitability.
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Supply chain management (SCM)
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_____ refers to information systems that support company-wider operations and data management requirements. Wal-Mart's inventory control system is an example of this. It's main objective is to integrate a company's primary functions to improve efficiency and decision making.
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Enterprise computing
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_____ is a system that provides cost-effective support for users and managers throughout the company. A rental car company can use one to forecast customer demand for several locations, for example.
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Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
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A _____ processes data generated by day-to-day business operations. Some examples include customer order processing, accounts receivable, and warranty claim processing. They perform a series of tasks whenever a specific transaction occurs. They are mission critical systems.
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Transaction Processing (TP) Systems
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_____ provide job related information support to users at all levels of a company. These systems can analyze transactional data, generate information to manage and control business processes, and provide information that leads to better decisions.
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Business Support Systems
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_____ are systems in which managers were the primary users.
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Management Information Systems (MIS)
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_____ is a technology that uses high frequency radio waves to track physical objects. It is used for inventory control in retail stores.
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Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
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A _____ scenario in which outcomes are predicted based on certain circumstances.
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What-if
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_____ are systems that are also called expert systems because they simulate human reasoning by combining a knowledge base and inference rules that determine how the knowledge is applied.
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Knowledge management systems
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A _____ consists of a large database that allows users to find information by entering keywords or questions in normal English phrases.
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Knowledge Base
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_____ are logical rules that identify data patterns and relationships.
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Inference Rules
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_____ is a technique that allows inferences to be drawn from imprecise relationships.
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Fuzzy Logic
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_____ are systems that include email, voice mail, fax, video, web conferencing, word processing, automated calendars, database management, spreadsheets, desktop publishing, presentation graphics, company intranets, and high speed Internet access.
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User productivity systems
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_____ programs run on a company intranet and enable users to share data, collaborate on projects, and work in teams.
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Groupware
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_____ are plans developed by top managers which define the company's overall mission and goals.
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Strategic plans
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_____ include professional staff members such as systems analysts, programmers, accountants, researchers, trainers, and human resource specialists.
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Knowledge Workers
