CIS 150MIDTERM – Flashcards
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Hardware
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The equipment, or physical devices, associated with a computer. Ex. Keyboard, mice, speakers, and printers.
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Software
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Computer instructions that tell the hardware what to do.
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Data
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Set of values, information
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Logic Error
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Results when you use a syntactically correct statement but use the wrong one for the current context.
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Syntax Error
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Statements that do not follow the rules that govern the language.
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Where are programs and data stored during executions?
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RAM
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What makes up a method name?
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Name followed by ( ) most languages follow lowerCamelCase()
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What is precedence?
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Order of operations. (), ^, *, /, +, -
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byte
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-128 to 127 8 bits
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char
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U+0000 to U+ffff 16 bits
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short
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-32,768 to 32,767 16 bits
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integer
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-2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483 32 bits
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long
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-9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807
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float
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-3.4E+38 to 3.4E+38
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double
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-1.79E+308 to 1.79E+308
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boolean
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true or false
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string
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a group of characters
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Literals
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numeric constant
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Variables
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numeric variable, sting variable
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Named Constants
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Similar to variable but value is assigned only once.
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What is a prompt?
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A message that asks the user for a response and may tell user how that response should be formatted.
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Start/Stop
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Pill shape - notates beginning or ending of routine or module
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Processing
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Rectangle - Notates processing steps such as arithmetic, moving data within memory, or accumulating values.
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Decision
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Diamond - Notates a true of false decision
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Input/Output
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Rhombus - Notates data read from devices or data written to devices
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On page connector
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Connects multiple flowcharts or shoes entry points from branch points.
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Off page connector
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Connects a multi-page flowchart.
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What are the various methods to control loops?
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Loop control variable - Incrementing or decrementing Sentinel Value
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Loop Control Variable
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Value is tested to control loop's execution.
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What three actions must occur before a loop will be initialized?
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1. Loop control variable must be initialized before entering the loop. 2. Test loop control variable. If true, enter loop body. 3. Alter loop control variable value in loop body.
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Decision Structure
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if-then-else
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Iteration Structure
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while loop
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Sequence Structure
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When action is performed next action is executed after
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What is nesting?
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A decision inside of another decision.
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What is a priming read?
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First input that sets loop control variable's first value.
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while loop
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Structured loop has one entry and one exit point.
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for loop
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Used when the program knows exactly how many times the loop will repeat.
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What three actions occur in one statement when using a for loop.
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1. Loop control variable initialized. 2. Loop control variable is evaluated 3. Loop control variable is altered.
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What is a method and what is its advantage?
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Executes a single, finite task. Smaller methods are less complex and more reliable and reusable.
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What are named constants?
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Similar to a variable but its value can only be assigned once.
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What is a boolean expression?
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An expression whose value can only be true or false.
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How do we make compound decisions?
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AND Logic
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What are parentheses used for in programs?
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Items places in the method headers (). Or an expression that is to be evaluated first will be contained within ().
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What is a step value?
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The amount by which a for loop control variable changes after the body executes.
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Pretest loop
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The loop control variable is tested before each iteration.
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Posttest loop
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The loop control variable is tested after each iteration.
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What loops are examples of pretest loops?
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while and for
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Detail Report
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Detailed report with data items listed.
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Summary Report
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Lists only totals with no individual item details.
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What is the process to control erroneous data called?
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validation
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What is an array?
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A data structure that consists of a series or list of values in computer memory.
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What are the components of an array?
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Element - Each data item Subscript - Differentiates each element
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What are parallel arrays?
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Two or more arrays in which each element in one array is associated with the element in the same relative position in the other array.
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What is the valid range for an array subscript?
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Starts at zero
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What is abstraction?
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The process of paying attention to important properties while ignoring nonessential details.
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What is in scope?
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Term to describe variables that are known to a method.
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What is out of scope?
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When locally declared variables go out of scope or die.
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What is encapsulation?
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The process of combining all of an object;s attributes and methods into a single package.
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Methods that do not return values are called what?
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Void method
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How are arrays passed to methods?
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An array element can be passed into a method just like a variable or constant. A passed array element is passed by value; the receiving method receives a copy.
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What are overloaded methods?
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When you write multiple methods with a shared name but different parameter lists.
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Why are classes useful?
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Like a blueprint from which many houses can be constructed.
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What two basic components make up a class?
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Objects Attributes
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What is inheritance?
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Data passed down from predecessor
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How does an object relate to a class?
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An object is one instance of a class.
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What makes up a class diagram?
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The top section contains the class name, the middle contains the name and data type of the attributes, and the bottom contains the methods.
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What is a constructor?
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A method that establishes an object, reserving enough memory space for it and providing its name.
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What is a destructor?
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Contains the actions you require when an instance of a class is destroyed.
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What is composition?
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The technique of using an object of one class as an attribute within another class.
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What is an IDE?
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Integrated Development Environment
