Ciccarelli Ch 2 – Flashcards
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Katie has grown up sleeping with a fan running in her room since she was an infant. This provides white noise to drown out the television programs being watched by other family members who were still awake. In an effort to save electricity, her mother has started coming into her room and turning her fan off after she thinks Katie is asleep. However, each time Katie wakes up and asks for the fan to be turned back on. Katie is selectively attending to certain kinds of information in her surroundings, which has been linked to the ________ part of the brain. A. reticular formation B. pons C. cerebellum D. medulla
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A. reticular formation
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Pat has decided to undergo surgery to treat her severe epilepsy. Consequently, her doctors will use a surgical procedure in which they will sever her ________. A. parietal lobe B. corpus callosum C. cerebral cortex D. subcortical structure
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B. corpus callosum
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As Joe walks to his car late at night, he hears footsteps behind him. Feeling afraid, Joe grips his keys and quickens his pace. It is likely that Joe's ________ has been activated. A. hypothalamus B. hippocampus C. amygdala D. cerebellum
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C. amygdala
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Denise just received the results of a complete physical that found her body is not producing enough insulin. Which of the following endocrine glands is affecting her body's ability to produce insulin? A. adrenal B. thymus C. thyroid D. pancreas
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D. pancreas
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Jack suffered a brain injury as a result of hitting his head while waterskiing. One of the problems that developed was that Jack could not pronounce certain words correctly for a long period of time until he had extensive speech therapy and can now speak as he did before his accident. This is an example of the brain's ______, which allowed the structure and function of his brain cells to change to adjust to the trauma. A. adaptology B. stagnation C. neuroplasticity D. reflex arc
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C. neuroplasticity
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The peripheral nervous system consists of ________. A. all of the nerve cells that are not in the brain and spinal cord B. all of the nerves in the brain and the spinal cord C. the spinal cord and autonomic system D. the brain and the autonomic system
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A. all of the nerve cells that are not in the brain and spinal cord
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The area of the frontal lobe that is devoted to the production of fluent speech is ________ area. A. Broca's B. Gall's C. Wernicke's D. Korsakoff's
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A. Broca's
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The function of the neuron's axon is to ________. A. carry messages to other cells B. regulate the neuron's life processes C. receive messages from neighboring neurons D. insulate against leakage of electrical impulses
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A. carry messages to other cells
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The two types of glial cells are called ________ and ________. A. occipital; lobitical B. oligodendrocytes; Schwann cells C. occipital; Schwann D. oligodendrocytes; lobitical
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B. oligodendrocytes; Schwann cells
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Ali is in the hospital about to undergo a brain-imaging process that involves taking many X-rays from different angles aided by the use of a computer. What type of imaging technique is being used? A. electroencephalography (EEG.) B. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI.) C. positron emission tomography (PET.) D. computed tomography (CT.)
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D. computed tomography (CT.)
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A brain-imaging method that takes computer-controlled X-rays of the brain is called ________. A. electroencephalography (EEG.) B. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI.) C. positron emission tomography (PET.) D. computed tomography (CT.)
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D. computed tomography (CT.)
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Darla was in an automobile accident that resulted in an injury to her brain. Her sense of touch has been affected. Which part of the brain is the most likely site of the damage? A. frontal lobe B. temporal lobe C. occipital lobe D. parietal lobes
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D. parietal lobes
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Which of the following regions contains the somatosensory cortex? A. occipital lobe B. parietal lobe C. temporal lobe D. frontal lobe
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B. parietal lobe
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Because they have similar chemical structures, morphine and heroin are able to lock into receptor sites for ________. A. GABA B. serotonin C. dopamine D. endorphins
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D. endorphins
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A chemical found in the synaptic vesicles which, when released, has an effect on the next cell is called A. glial cell B. neurotransmitter C. precursor cell D. synapse
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B. neurotransmitter
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Damage to the cerebellum is likely to disrupt which of the following? A. playing basketball B. sleeping C. homeostasis D. thinking
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A. playing basketball
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If you have a problem remembering things that happened a year ago, doctors might check for damage to the area of the brain called the _________. A. hippocampus B. hypothalamus C. fornix D. amygdala
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A. hippocampus
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Endocrine glands ________. A. secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream B. are chemicals released into the bloodstream C. are an extensive network of specialized cells D. are a thin layer of cells coating the axons
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A. secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream
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Neurons that carry information from the senses to the spinal cord are called ________. A. motor neurons B. interneurons C. sensory neurons D. reflexes
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C. sensory neurons
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In the peripheral nervous system, ________ carry messages from special sense receptors in the skin, muscles, and other internal and external sense organs to the spinal cord. A. autonomic nerves B. sensory pathway neurons C. motor pathway neurons D. autonomic neurons
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B. sensory pathway neurons
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Bill was admitted to the hospital last week after he fell. When Bill's son visited, he found that his father was unable to get words out in a smooth, connected fashion. If Bill's difficulty speaking is due to brain damage, what is the likely location of the damage? A. Broca's B. Gall's C. Wernicke's D. Korsakoff's
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A. Broca's
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When a neuron fires, it fires in a(n. ________ fashion, as there is no such thing as "partial" firing. A. all-or-none B. rapid fire C. accidental patterned D. quick successioned
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A. all-or-none
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Your teacher asks you to describe the sequence of parts of a neuron that the impulse travels during neural conduction. Which of the following sequences will you offer? A. dendrites, axon, soma, synaptic knob B. terminal buttons, axon, soma, dendrites C. axon, soma, dendrites, synaptic knob D. dendrites, soma, axon, synaptic knob
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D. dendrites, soma, axon, synaptic knob
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A brain-imaging method using radio waves and magnetic fields of the body to produce detailed images of the brain is called ________. A. electroencephalography (EEG.) B. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI.) C. positron emission tomography (PET.) D. computed tomography (CT.)
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B. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI.)
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Which of the following is a machine designed to record the brain wave patterns produced by electrical activity of the brain's cortex, just below the scalp? A. deep lesioning B. ESB C. EEG D. CT scan
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C. EEG
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Ever since he suffered a brain injury by falling from a ladder, Zack's wife has continued to tell the doctor that his personality has changed. He used to be fun loving and carefree, but he is now more critical and yells at his children for seemingly little reason. Zack is likely to have suffered damage to the _______ of his cortex. A. occipital lobe B. parietal lobe C. temporal lobe D. frontal lobe
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D. frontal lobe
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The part of the brain located just behind the temples, containing neurons responsible for the sense of hearing and meaningful speech, is called the ________. A. temporal lobes B. parietal lobes C. frontal lobes D. occipital lobes
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A. temporal lobes
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The action potential causes neurotransmitters to be released into the ________. A. myelin sheath B. axon C. synapse D. synaptic vesicle
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C. synapse
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Which structure is like a locked door that only certain neurotransmitter keys can unlock? A. synapses B. receptor sites C. neural chiasms D. response terminals
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B. receptor sites
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The ________ is a structure in the brain stem responsible for life-sustaining functions, such as breathing and heart rate. A. reticular activating system B. pons C. medulla D. cerebellum
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C. medulla
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Researcher Roger Sperry won a Nobel Prize for his research on epilepsy. Sperry cut through the ________, which joins the two hemispheres of the brain. A. medulla B. pons C. pituitary gland D. corpus callosum
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D. corpus callosum
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Which endocrine gland controls all of the other endocrine glands? A. thyroid B. adrenal C. thymus D. pituitary
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D. pituitary
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The division of the nervous system that allows the brain and the spinal cord to communicate with the sensory systems of the eyes, ears, skin, and mouth, and allows the brain and spinal cord to control the muscles and glands of the body, is called the ________. A. peripheral nervous system B. central nervous system C. endocrine system D. secondary nervous system
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A. peripheral nervous system
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Robert's mother is usually meticulous in her presentation. When picking her up for a family dinner, he noticed that her makeup was only applied to the right side of her face. Her hair was also brushed on the right side, but on the left it was matted and uncombed. He immediately took her to the hospital after she was unaware of any problems. She was diagnosed with ________, which is evidenced by damage to the association areas of the right hemisphere. A. Wernicke's aphasia B. Broca's aphasia C. spatial neglect D. split-brain
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C. spatial neglect
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________ receive messages from other neurons and ________ send messages to other neurons. A. Axons; dendrites B. Axon; soma C. Soma; glial cells D. Dendrites; axons
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D. Dendrites; axons
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What is the term used to describe the bulbs located at the end of the axon? A. axon terminals B. synaptic vesicles C. synapses D. receptor sites
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A. axon terminals
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If Mindy's doctor has taken a series of images of her brain using X-rays, then she has likely had a(n. ________. A. EEG B. MRI C. CT D. PET
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C. CT
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Andy has decided to seek medical help for mood disturbances and appetite problems. Which neurotransmitter is most likely involved in the problems Andy is experiencing? A. GABA B. dopamine C. serotonin D. acetylcholine
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C. serotonin
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________ are holes in the surface of the dendrites or certain cells of the muscles and glands that are shaped to fit only certain neurotransmitters. A. Neurotransmitters B. Axons C. Synaptic vesicles D. Receptor sites
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D. Receptor sites
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The cerebellum ________. A. controls blood pressure B. is involved in emotional behavior C. coordinates involuntary rapid fine-motor movement D. relays messages from the sensory receptors
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C. coordinates involuntary rapid fine-motor movement
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Which of the following cognitive abilities has been found to be normal in people diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? A. some aspects of attention B. vigilance (watching out for something important. C. staying on-task D. engaging in self-control
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A. some aspects of attention
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The ________ is the part of the brain responsible for the formation of long-term memories. A. hippocampus B. hypothalamus C. fornix D. amygdala
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A. hippocampus
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Joe is very anxious over an upcoming exam. Consequently, his adrenal glands will probably produce ________. A. more testosterone B. less estrogen C. more cortisol D. less cortisol
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C. more cortisol
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Neurons found in the center of the spinal cord that receive information from the sensory neurons and send commands to the muscles through the motor neurons are called ________. A. motor neurons B. interneurons C. sensory neurons D. reflexes
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B. interneurons
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Every deliberate action you make, such as pedaling a bike, walking, scratching, or smelling a flower, involves neurons in the ______ nervous system. A. sympathetic B. somatic C. parasympathetic D. autonomic
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B. somatic
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Mary suffered a head injury in a car accident last week. Since that time, she is able to speak fluently but uses the wrong words when expressing herself. Mary may be exhibiting ________ aphasia. A. Broca's B. Gall's C. Wernicke's D. Korsakoff's
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C. Wernicke's
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During action potential, the electrical charge inside the neuron is ________ the electrical charge outside the neuron. A. positive compared to B. larger than C. negative compared to D. smaller than
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A. positive compared to
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When the electric potential in a cell is in action versus a resting state, this electrical charge reversal is known as the ________. A. resting potential B. excitation reaction C. action potential D. permeable reaction
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C. action potential
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Rashad is in the hospital and is about to undergo a brain-imaging process that involves placing him inside a magnetic field so that a computer can create three-dimensional images of his brain. What procedure is he about to undergo? A. electroencephalography (EEG.) B. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI.) C. computed tomography (CT.) D. positron emission tomography (PET.)
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B. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI.)
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Joella was rollerblading when a cat jumped right in front of her, causing her to trip and fall. When she fell, she partially landed on the front side of her head near her forehead. Shortly afterward, Joella exhibited symptoms similar to that of Phineas Gage. Which lobe would have been most affected by this fall? A. frontal B. temporal C. parietal D. occipital
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A. frontal
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The cortex is divided into two sections referred to as ____________. A. cerebral hemispheres B. cerebellums C. corpus callosums D. neurotransmitters
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A. cerebral hemispheres
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Pain-controlling chemicals in the body are called ________. A. neural regulators B. histamines C. androgens D. endorphins
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D. endorphins
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What is the term used to describe the rounded areas on the ends of the axon terminals? A. synaptic vesicles B. axons C. dendrites D. synaptic knobs
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D. synaptic knobs
