Chpt 11 Endocrine – Flashcards
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acr/o
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extremities
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adren/o
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adrenal gland
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adrenal/o
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adrenal gland
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andr/o
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male
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calc/o
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calcium
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crin/o
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secrete
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estr/o
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female
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glyc/o
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sugar
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glycos/o
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sugar
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gonad/o
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sex glands
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home/o
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sameness
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kal/i
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potassium
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natr/o
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sodium
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ophthalm/o
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eye
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pancreat/o
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pancreas
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parathyroid/o
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parathyroid gland
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pineal/o
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pineal gland
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pituitar/o
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pituitary gland
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thym/o
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thymus gland
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thyr/o
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thyroid gland
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thyroid/o
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thyroid gland
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toxic/o
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poison
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-crine
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to secrete
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-dipsia
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thirst
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-prandial
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relating to a meal
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-tropin
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stimulate
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cortisol
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regulates carbohydrate levels in the body
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aldosterone
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regulates electrolytes and fluid volume in the body
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androgen, estrogen, progesteron
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responsible for reproduction and secondary sexual characteristics
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epinephrine (adrenaline)
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intensifies response during stress; "fight or flight" response
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norepinephrine
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chiefly a vasoconstrictor
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estrogen
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stimulates development of secondary sex characteristics in females; regulates menstrual cycle
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progesterone
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prepares for conditions of pregnancy
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glucagon
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stimulates liver to release glucose into the blood
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insulin
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regulates and promotes entry of glucose into cells
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parathyroid hormone (PTH)
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stimulates bone breakdown; regulates calcium level in the blood
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adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)
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regulates function of adrenal cortex
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follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
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stimulates growth of eggs in female and sperm in males
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growth hormone (GH)
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stimulates growth of the body
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luteinizing hormone (LH)
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regulates function of male and female gonads and plays a role in releasing ova in females
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melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
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stimulates pigment in skin
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prolactin
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stimulates milk production
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thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
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regulates function of thyroid gland
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antiduretic hormone (ADH)
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stimulates reabsorption of water by the kidneys
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oxygen
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stimulates uterine contractions and releases milk into ducts
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testosterone
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promotes sperm production and development of secondary sex characteristics in males
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thymosin
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promotes development of cells in immune system
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calcitonin
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stimulates deposition of calcium into bone
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thyroxine
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stimulates metabolism in cells
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triiodothyronine
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stimulates metabolism in cells
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acidosis
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excessive acidity of body fluids due to the accumulation of acids
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edema
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condition in which the body tissues contain excessive amounts of fluid
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endocrinology
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branch of medicine involving diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of endocrine glands
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exophthalmos
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condition in which the eyeballs protrude; such as in graves' disease. caused by an overproduction of thyroid hormone
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gynecomastia
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development of breast tissue in males
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hirsutism
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condition of having an excess amount of hair. females with an adult male pattern of hair growth - hormonal imbalance
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hypersecretion
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excessive hormone production by an endocrine gland
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hyposecretion
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deficient hormone production by an endocrine gland
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obesity
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having an abnormal amount of fat in the body
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syndrome
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group of symptoms and signs that when combined present a clinical picture of a disease or condition
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addison's disease
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disease named for british physician thomas addison that results from a deficiency in adrenocortical hormones
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adrenal feminization
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development of female secondary sexual characteristics (such as breasts) in a male
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adrenal virilism
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development of male secondary sexual characteristics (such as deeper voice) in a female
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cushing's syndrome
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set of symptoms named after US neurosurgeon harvey cushing that result from hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex
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pheochromocytoma
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usually benign tumor of the adrenal medulla that secretes epinephrine
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diabetes melltius (DM)
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chronic disorder of carbohydrates metabolism that results in hyperglycemia and glycosuria
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diabetic retinopathy
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secondary complication of diabetes that affects the blood vessels of the retina - results in visual change and even blindness
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insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
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type 1 diabetes. it develops early in life when the pancreas stops insulin production
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insulinoma
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tumor of the islets of langerhans cells of the pancreas that secretes an excessive amount of insulin
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ketoacidosis
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acidosis due to an excess of acidic ketone bodies. can result in death - diabetic acidosis
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non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
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type 2 diabetes. develops late in life. the pancreas produces normal to high levels of insulin but the cells fail to respond to it
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peripheral neuropathy
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damage to the nerves in the lower legs and hands as a result of diabetes mellitus
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tetany
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nerve irritability and painful muscle cramps resulting from hypocalcemia
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recklinghausen disease
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excessive production of parathyroid hormone which results in degeneration of the bones
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acromegaly
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chronic disease of adults that results in an elongation and enlargement of the bones of the head and extremities
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diabetes insipidus (DI)
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disorder caused by the inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland
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dwarfism
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condition of being abnormally short in height
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gigantism
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excessive development of the body due to the overproduction of the growth hormone by the pituitary gland in a child or teenager
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panhypopituitarism
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deficiency in all the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland
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crentinism
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congenital condition in which lack of thyroid hormones may result in arrested physical and mental development
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goiter
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enlargment of the thyroid gland
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graves' disease
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overactivity of the thyroid gland and can cause a crisis situation
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hashimoto's disease
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chronic autoimmune form of thyroiditis, results in hyposecretion of thyroid hormones
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myxedema
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condition resulting from a hyposecretion of the thyroid gland in an adult
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thyrotoxicosis
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condition resulting from marked overproduction of the thyroid gland
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adenocarcinoma
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cancerous tumor in a gland that is capable of producing the hormones secreted by that gland
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blood serum test
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blood test to measure the level of substances such as calcium, electrolytes, testosterone, insulin, and glucose. - determine function of various endocrine glands
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fasting blood sugar (FBS)
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blood test to measure the amount of sugar circulating throughout the body after a 12hr fast
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glucose tolerance test (GTT)
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test to determine the blood sugar level
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protein-bound iodine test (PBI)
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blood test to measure the concentration of thyroxine circulating in the bloodstream
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radioimmunoassay (RIA)
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test used to measure the levels of hormones in the plasma of the blood
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thyroid function test (TFT)
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blood test used to measure the levels of thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone in the bloodstream to assist in determining thyroid function
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total calcium
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blood test to measure the total amount of calcium to assist in detecting parathyroid and bone disorders
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two-hr postprandial glucose tolerance test
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blood test to assist in evaluating glucose metabolism
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thyroid echogram
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ultrasound exam of the thyroid that can assist in distinguishing a thyroid nodule from a cyst
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thyroid scan
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test in which radioactive iodine is administered that localizes in the thyroid gland
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chemical thyroidectomy
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large dose of radioactive iodine is given in order to kill thyroid gland cells without having to actually do surgery
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hormone replacement therapy
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artificial replacement of hormones in patients with hyposecretion disorders
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laparoscopic adrenalectomy
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removal of the adrenal gland through a small incision in the abdomen and using endoscopic instruments
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lobectomy
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removal of a lobe from an organ
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antithyroid angents
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medication given to block production of thyroid hormones in patients with hypersecretion disorders (tapazole)
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corticosteroids
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anti-inflammatory action (prednisone,deltasone)
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human growth hormone therapy
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hormone replacement therapy with human growth hormone in order to stimulate skeletal growth - treat children with abnormally short stature (genotropin, protropin)
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insulin
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replace insulin for type 1 diabetics or to treat severe type 2 diabetics (human insulin)
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oral hypoglycemic agents
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medications taken by mouth that cause a decrease in blood sugar - not for insulin dependent (metformin, glucophage)
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thyroid replacement hormone
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hormone replacement therapy for patients with hypothyroidism or who have had a thyroidectomy (levo-t, cytomel)
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vasopressin
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given to control diabetes insipidus and promote reabsorption of water in the kidney tubules (vaprisol; desmopressin)
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adrenalectomy
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removal of adrenal glands
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adrenalitis
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inflammation of an adrenal gland
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hypercalcemia
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excessive calcium in the blood
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hypocalcemia
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low calcium in the blood
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endocrinologist
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specialist in the endocrine system
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endocrinopathy
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endocrine system disease
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hyperglycemia
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excessive sugar in the blood
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hypoglycemia
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low sugar in the blood
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hyperkalemia
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excessive potassium in the blood
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hyponatremia
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low sodium in the blood
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pancreatic
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pertaining to the pancreas
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parathyroidal
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pertaining to the parathyroid gland
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parathyroidectomy
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removal of the parathyroid gland
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hyperparathyroidism
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state of excessive parathyroid
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hypoparathyroidism
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state of insufficient parathyroid
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pituitary
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pertaining to the pituitary gland
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hypopituitarism
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state of insufficient pituitary
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hyperpituitarism
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state of excessive pituitary
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thymic
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pertaining to the thymus gland
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thymectomy
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removal of the thymus
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thymitis
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thymus inflammation
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thymoma
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thymus tumor
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thyromegaly
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enlarged thyroid
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thyroidal
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pertaining to the thyroid
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thyroidectomy
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removal of the thyroid
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hyperthyroidism
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state of excessive thyroid
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hypothyroidism
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state of insufficient thyroid
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polydipsia
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many (excessive) thirst
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polyuria
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condition of (too) much urine
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glycosuria
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sugar in the urine
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the study of the endocrine system is called ____
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endocrinology
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the master endocrine gland is the ____
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pituitary
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___ is a general term for the sexual organs that produce gametes
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gonads
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the term for the hormones produced by the outer portion of the adrenal cortex is ____
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corticosteriods
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the hormone produced by the testes is ____
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testosterone
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the two hormones produced by the ovaries are _____ and _____
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estrogen; progesterone
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an inadequate supply of the hormone ____ causes diabetes insipidus
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antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
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the endocrine gland associated with the immune system is ____
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thymus gland
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the term for a protrusion of the eyeballs in graves' disease is ____
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exophthalmos
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a general medical term for a hormone-secreting cancerous tumor is ______
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adenocarcinoma
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cushings disease
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overactive adrenal cortex
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goiter
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enlarged thyroid
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acidosis
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associated with diabetes
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gigantism
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excessive growth hormone
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cretinism
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arrested growth
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myxedema
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enlarged facial features and edematous skin
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diabetes mellitus
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poor carbohydrate metabolism
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diabetes insipidus
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causes polyuria and polydipsia
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hashimoto's disease
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thyroiditis
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graves' disease
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hyperthyroidism
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addison's disease
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underactive adrenal cortex
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protein bound iodine test
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measures T4 concentration in the blood
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fasting blood sugar
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measures blood sugar level after 12hr fast
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radioimmunoassay
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measures levels of hormones in the blood
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thyroid scan
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uses radioactive iodine
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2hr postprandial glucose
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test of glucose metabolism 2hrs after eating a meal
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glucose tolerance test
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determines glucose metabolism after patient receives a measure dose of glucose
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strong anti-inflammatory
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deltasone
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stimulates skeletal growth
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genotropin
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treats type II diabetes mellitus
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glucophage
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blocks production of thyroid hormone
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tapazole
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treats type I diabetes mellitus
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humulin L
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controls diabetes insipidus
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desmopressin
