Chp. 4 Genetics: The Scientific Study Of Heredity Answers – Flashcards
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Who was Gregor Mendel?
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A priest in the mid nineteenth century who tended a garden in central European monastery.
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What did Mendel do?
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He experimented with thousands of pea plants to understand the process of heredity and was the founder of the discovery of genetics
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What are Female sex cells?
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eggs
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What are Female sex cells?
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eggs
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What are male sex cells?
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sperms
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what makes female and male sex cells?
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female= pistil
male=stamens
male=stamens
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Mendels 1st Experiment: Purebred tall pea plants crossed with what?
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Purebred short pea plants
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What was the outcome of the first experiment?
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all tall pea plants(offspring)
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what was the outcome of the 2nd experiment?
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1/4= short pea plants
3/4=tall pea plants
3/4=tall pea plants
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What did he learn from the experiment?
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he learned that some pea plants can have a short recessive traits
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dominant allele?
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one whos trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present.
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recessive allele?
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is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present.
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which allele has the capital letter?
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dominant allele
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which allele has the lower case version of the letter?
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recessive allele
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the first letter of the Genotype is recessive or dominant?
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DOMINANT
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in a punnette square, where is the males genotypes listed? and where is the females?
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Male= top of punnette square
Female= side left of punnette square
Female= side left of punnette square
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phenotype?
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an organisms physical appearance or visible traits
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Genotype?
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an organisms genetic makeup or allele combination
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can 2 organisms look the same ; have a different genotype?
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yes
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homozygous?
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an organism that has 2 identical alleles for a trait(SS)
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heterozygous?
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an organism that has 2 different alleles for a trait (Ss).
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codominance?
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the alleles that are neither dominant nor recessive
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In a genetic cross, the allele that each parent will pass on to its offspring is based on what?
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probability
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Punnette Square?
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a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross.
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probability?
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a number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur.
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hybrid?
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organism that has 2 different alleles for a trait.
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Gene?
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the factors that control a trait
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Alleles?
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The different forms of a gene
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Fertilization?
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the process by which egg and sperm join
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purebred?
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the offspring of many generations that have the same trait.
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Heredity?
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the passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring
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trait?
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each different form of a characteristic
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genetics
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the scientific study of heredity
