chp 23 ah – Flashcard
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liberal
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favor gov't intervention to help the needy and often favored gov't regulation
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conservative
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favor the free market and private intervention to help the less fortunate and often proclaim the desire to create the smaller gov't possible
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new right
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resurgent conservative movement that sought to fight communism aggressively and de-regulate industries
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unfunded mandate
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gov't requirements that did not come with gov't funds
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moral majority
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political organization working to fulfill religious goals
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ronald reagan
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he reported to be in favor of small gov't, a tough stance on communism with a strong military, and faith in traditional values
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Describe one major difference between liberals and conservatives in the early 1980s.
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conservatives thought a large central government enlarged economic growth and individual choice
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What spurred the rise of conservatism in the late 1970s and early 1980s?
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the difference increased which resulted in new right and was new conservative agenda
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What policies did members of the New Right criticize?
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unfunded mandated, federal welfare programs, great society
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How did the Moral Majority help strengthen the Republican Party?
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reaching out to americans who had traditionally not participated in political process
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How did population trends boost conservatism, especially in the Deep South?
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allowed white voters in the south
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Why did Americans elect Ronald Reagan to the presidency in 1980?
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he spoke against big gov't
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supply-side economics
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assumption that if taxes are reduced, people will work and have more money to spend, causing more economic growth
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deregulation
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removal of government control over industry to make gov't "smaller"
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recession
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temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced
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budget deficit
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shortfall between amount of money spent and amount taken in by government
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national debt
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total amount of money owed as a result of years of budget deficits
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savings and loan crisis
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about 1000 banks closed due to fraud behavior, caused people to lose their jobs and their life savings
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sandra day o'connor
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first female supreme court justice (appointed by reagan) - ruled in favor of women's rights such as abortion, angering most conservatives
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george h.w bush
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- American republican politician - 41st President of the United States (1989 to 1992) - continued Reagan's policies - called for smaller gov't ; no more taxes
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vouchers
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government checks used by parents to pay tuition at private schools - conservatives believed this would force public schools to get better and liberals believed this would take money away from struggling district and schools
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aids and hiv
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human immunodeficiency virus that attacks immune system
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What were the major characteristics of the conservative Reagan Revolution?
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he accused patriotic and favors optimism
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In what ways did Reagan try to fulfill the goal of less government involvement in the economy?
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deregulation and supply-side economics
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How did Reagan strengthen the conservative cause?
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appointied conservative judges to the Supreme Court. His personal popularity helped George H. W. Bush win the presidency in 1988.
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How did Reagan address problems with Social Security?
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rise of Social Security costs and AIDS; signing the Social Security Reform Act, - He raised the minimum retirement age and increased payroll taxes.
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SDI--Strategic Defense Initiative, "Star Wars"
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proposed program in which land and space lasers would destroy missiles aimed at US before they could reach their targets - pres. reagan wanted aid anti-Communist forces around the globe, such as the mujahideen fighting the soviets in Afghanistan
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Mikhail Gorbachev
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became soviet president in 1985
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glasnost and perestroika
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-glasnost means new openness; was meant to open up soviet society to allow more political parties and freedoms for the people - perestroika refers to reforming the soviet union
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Iran-Contra
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affair that began when the US sold weapons to iran in exchange for irons to pressure terrorist groups in lebanon to release american hostages
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What were Reagan's foreign policies, and how did they contribute to the fall of communism in Europe?
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aimed at toppling communist nations such as building new nuclear missile systems to funding covert operations against soviet troops and allies around the globe
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Summarize Reagan's anticommunist policies in Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Grenada.
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reagan sent groups of anticommunist counter-revolutionaries, known as contras in Nicaragua to get rid of the threat of the newly formed Sandinista government in Nicaragua that provided soviets with safe house in america
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What proof is provided that communism was failing, especially in the Soviet Union?
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shortages of food, favorites and workers couldn't compete with we tern counterparts, high chunk of USSR went toward paying for military, and war in afghanistan drained rescourses
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During his first term, Reagan called the Soviet Union an "evil empire," but in his second term, he developed a working relationship with Gorbachev. What accounts for this change in strategy?
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Gorbachevs policies and personality helped soften the USSRs international image which resulted in Reagan moderating his own stance toward the USSR, and the two leaders met for the last time in Moscow and toasted each other at a state dinner, toured the sights like friends and held a combined press conference
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What happened in Berlin November, 1989, and how did this event affect Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union?
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Berlin's walls were finally opened by east German authorities, it affected them by sat and west Germany would reunite as a single nation, communists lost power in Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, and Romania in 1989 Albania in 1990, and Yugoslavia in 1991, USSR separated into 15 independent republics because communist party lost power
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How do we know the Cold War ended in 1992?
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scholars gave Reagan credit for bringing end to the cold war, Berlin wall came down, US and USSR signed many treaties to reduce nuclear weapons in the world
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Manuel Noriega
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panamas dictator
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Tiananmen Square massacre
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chinese students captured worlds attention by staging prodemocracy profess in tiannanmen square in bejing chinese tanks killed hundreds of protests crushed demonstrations and improsoned many activists - last attempt of the Chinese to bring back democracy
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apartheid
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system of rigid segregation maintained by south african government controlled by whites
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Nelson Mandela
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leader of antiapartheid movement
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divest
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withdrawing investments from south Africa and the US gov't place sanctions on south Africa until apartheid ended
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saddam hussein
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irans dictator that ran in the middle eastern nation
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operation desert storm
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allies of the U.S. attacked Iraq with scud missiles. (missiles that shoot down on other missiles)
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What actions did the United States take abroad during George H.W. Bush's presidency?
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they took a leading role in world affairs
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Why do you think the earlier problems with the Vietnam War in the 1960s and '70s caused President George H.W. Bush to seek a coalition of many nations for Operation Desert Storm in 1991?
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i think the earlier problems with the vietnam war in the 1960s and 1970s caused the president to seek a coalition of many nations for operation desert storm in 1991 because becoming allies with nations would help each other out for this operation
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Why did the U.S.-led coalition decide not to invade Baghdad or try to oust Hussein after driving Iraq out of Kuwait in 1991?
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They did this because hussein had powerful weapons such as missiles, and he could use massive force against the US
